Alimento como metáfora, metáfora como alimento : a arte de nutrir uma educação complexa

Cette narrative fait le parcours d une recherche et de ses reflexions ici annoncé comme une odissée gastronomique et une géografie gourmante , dont les elements interpretatifs rendent possible concevoir qu une lecture de la métaphore et de la stéthique alimentaire puissent contribuer pour penser une éducation sensible, complexe, une education guidée par une experimentation esthétique de la condition humaine, qui provoque les sens, qui permettent évoquer et récuperer les connaissances et les savoirs pertinents, et qui confirme l indissociabilité du sujet dans ses plusieurs poles : nature et culture, émotion et raison. Comme contribution epistémologique, la dissertation, cherche étendre la compréhension d études qui abordent le Corp, l Aliment, la Métaphore, l Esthétique et l Éducation, en déclanchant des relations entre les espaces académicien et cotidien, en expérimentant d autres formes de sentir, penser et d être dans le monde. Poussée par une raison gourmande, et comme dans un rituel de préparation d aliment, j opte par les rélations transversales des savoirs ; je construis un dialogue entre les auteurs de domaine de connaissances multiples, comme la Filosophie, l Antropologie, l Étologie et l Éducation, en travaillant une reconstruction de concepts. Pour la tâche de cette odissée gastronomique, je découvre l approche entre un programme, comme méthode, et un livre de recettes culinaires hermétiques. J ai choisi de construir des estratégies métodologiques qui indiquent les chemins sur les quelles l imagination, la créativité et la réinvention, non seulement puissent mais doivent servir comme des épiceries qui emprègne d odeurs, de saveurs et de couleurs la connaissance, sans laisser de côté la rigueur, principe inégociable dans une science ouverte. J ai choisi, pour m accompagner dans cet étude, des sages, des scientistes et des poètes, entre eux je fais remarquer Michel Onfray, Boris Cyrulnik, Merleau-Ponty, Edgar Morin e Conceição Almeida. Avec eux, j ai déssiné des cartes, goûté des géographies, des terres, des ciels. J ai fréquenter des histoires et des personnages concrets et imaginaires; j ai convoqué des souvenirs acumulés pendant l enfance, avec ses trames, ses textures, ses saveurs, ses parfuns, ses couleurs, ses images, ses gestes, ses mots et ses silences, où le corp devient un médiateur d accès à la connaissance. Comme artifice complémentaire pour suivre la route, je parie sur le rapport fondamental entre le corp, l aliment, la métaphore, l esthétique et l Éducation, je m utilise du Cinéma, en cherchant d apprendre dans cet art, une éxistentialité humaine par le rapport entre la vie, l aliment et les personnages. Finalement, je reaffirme l importance de nourir des affections par une formation et une manière de penser capables de conecté des connaissances d univers dinstingués, et qui contribuent pour une conscience de la condition humaine et l apprentissage d une éducation de la vie et pour la vie

O elo microbiano como alimento alternativo para o zooplâncton em reservatórios dominados por cianobactérias

Protozoa may be an important alternative food source for Calanoida copepods in these environments. Aiming to quantify the feeding preferences of N. cearensis by ciliates in the presence of cyanobacteria, in vitro experiments were conducted, using mixed cultures in different concentrations of total food for copepod. Two ciliates species (Paramecium sp. and Cyclidium sp.) and a cyanobacteria toxic strain (Microcystis aeruginosa) were offered as food. Previous experiments were done to identify the copepod s maximum ingestion rate through the use of a type II functional response model when each prey is offered separately. High maximum ingestion rate were found when those protists were offered as prey. N. cearensis showed significant preference for protozoal prey over the cyanobacterium tested both in low (corresponding 95.15% of the diet) and in high food concentration treatments (about 91.56% of the diet), preferring the bigger ciliate in lower concentrations (67.52% of the diet). The meaningful involvement of heterotrophic organisms in the zooplankton diet emphasis the microbial loop participation in the energy transition from copepods to higher trophic levels. This data contributes to understand the stability of existing trophic interactions in reservoirs subjected to eutrophication and assists trophic cascade studies in these environments

Ingestão alimentar e nutricional de callithrix jacchus: relaçao com hierarquia social e disponibilidade de alimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Mala na mão, pé na estrada: à procura de uma pedagogia das singularidades

We make many journeys during our lifetime. In each of them we accumulate experiences that result in an amount of knowledge that constitutes our history. The dissertation presents one of these journeys: that one I took along with students of Pedagogia da Terra project from Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte UERN to think about the knowledge within their memories in their way from countryside to city seeking for education. I used as main references to this task the ideas of Edgar Morin about Method as Strategy, implication of the subject in knowledge, pertinent knowledge, and knowledge reconnection. And from Paulo Freire I used the concepts of cultural identity assumption and dialog. I built as resource of method the metaphor of the suitcase, called by me the trunk of memory treasures . The use of this cognitive operator makes possible for those students bring their memories to the surface and share them collectively, by the process I name as auto-social- biographical narratives. The explicitness of the memories they choose to reveal by means of these narratives permitted me to understand the metamorphosis of these knowledge since their childhood to nowadays. In order to present an archeology of knowledge within these life histories I chose a narrative writing style concerned with simplicity and lightness, where I use the description of facts and discussions occurred during this journey. My main arguments in systematizing this experience are: scientific production can and should be grounded on knowledge diversity and on a more sensible approach to phenomena; education and pedagogy need to take as starting point and fuel for their practices the singularities of the subjects, their life history, educational background and knowledge resulting from both. Teacher s formation programs which students have mixed, rural and urban, background should value cognitive experiences built in the interaction with that knowledge closer of a sensible logic, deeper grounded in land and nature. Doing so, education can contribute to join diverse knowledge against monocutural forms of thinking and educational practices

O latim, uma língua morta?: uma metáfora em análise: o olhar da lingüística aplicada e suas implicações para o ensino

The focus of this research is the teaching of the Latin language. Due to the fact that its teaching has been facing a growing crisis in the last four decades, which currently persists, we ponder about external and internal causes of its decline, aiming at pointing out an alternative that enable us to find a way out of this situation. So, our research questions mainly concern how the teaching of Latin is viewed amongst the academic society, also investigating if it has kept up with the development of the scientific reflection about human language and the new approaches on language teaching. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution that the study of Latin can provide to the academic formation of language teachers and try to identify the areas of knowledge that can contribute to a reshaping of its teaching. Based on these guidelines, we have established as the goals of this research: 1) to reflect about the current situation of the teaching of Latin and the causes of its decline; 2) to determine its social representation among teachers and students of the Language Courses, as a way of defining the role it fulfills in the academic formation of teachers; 3) to accomplish an exploratory study of some handbooks that show alternative proposals on how to teach Latin, in order to detect their adequacy to current times and to the goals of the academic study of languages; 4) to offer an alternative proposal on how to teach Latin that takes into account the principles of Applied Linguistics, considering the socio-historical and cultural aspects of the language, enabling it to meet the requirements set by modern times. This research is divided into two parts. The first part presents the theoretical framework. We map the studies about Latin teaching inside and outside Brazil and argue against the concept of Latin being a dead language, presenting arguments set on changing this view. Then we describe and comment the notions of literacy, genre and culture, which helped us understand the reasons for the decline of the teaching of Latin and to point out suitable ways to overcome the crisis. The second part is dedicated to reflecting on the literacy practices in Latin teaching. We began by examining the answers to the questionnaires given to students and teachers about the view of Latin in the Language Courses; then we reflect on the teaching-learning of Latin as an academic literacy practice followed by an analysis of the didactic material used in teaching Latin. Finally, we suggest an approach of the familiar letter genre in ancient Rome as a means of teaching Latin in a contextualized way

A esfera como metáfora: representações do futebol no campo da literatura (leituras do tema no conto de ficção)

Football, understood as a phenomenon of sports practice and nearly universal coverage, can also be seen as a game whose operation circumvents the cultural universe of people who practice it. Much more than just a sport, so this game is a cultural phenomenon par excellence, bearing a communicational and aesthetic dimension whose occurrence has been spotted in various fields of scientific and cultural. Therefore, it is as game and as a phenomenon of culture, we intend to focus on football here as an object of study. Our aim is to investigate the sport in Brazil taking the Literature and Journalism as privileged instances of their representation in the media. Thus, the central idea of this research is to show when and how football has become a recurrent theme in Brazilian literature, starting with its journalistic approach until we get an overview of the aesthetic representation of the game, Literature as the main focus of attention and taking the genre of fiction story as material fact of their representation. With this approach, we intend to develop an overall view, overview of the literature about football in our country and at the same time, particularize this vision in some representative authors of it, like the writer-journalist Mario Filho (the historian, essayist on the modernization of chronic specific theme), José Lins do Rego (writer passionate about the game), Nelson Rodrigues (the esthetician that elevated the sport to the status of art by chronic), Lima Barreto (who along with Antonio de Alcantara Machado pioneered the formalized within the fiction) and the storytellers of the topic itself. In the end, we intend to infer the results of evaluations and reviews of books and authors listed, we have examined a wide sense, but also vertical (and which were focused on a socio-historical perspective and critical-aesthetic) within the assumption that seems be a homology between the way football practice amongst us will historically winning characteristics as to form a Brazilian school of football, and how our writers, journalists will be addressing the topic, which also would focus on creating a "Brazilian way" of telling literary football. The proof of this hypothesis operational work together with the development of historiography and the necessity arising from it, creating a "Guide to Reading football theme in fictional tale of Brazil" shut the focal perspective of this study

Dinâmica de reprodução e comportamento reprodutivo de branchoneta Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesata, 1921 como incremento na produção de alimento vivo para peixes ornamentais

Reproductive behavior of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921(Crustacean: Anostracan). The reproductive behavior of fresh water Anostracan has been poorly investigated in carcinology specialized literature, specifically in relation to Dendrocephlaus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921, with abundant data just about the geographical distribution of that Anostracan. The objective of this work was to know the reproductive behavior of this Anostracan, in different seasons (dry and raine). For this, ripe individuals of both sexes were collected in four pond of the of Fish farming Station of Paulo Afonso (EPPA), through monthly captures in each ponds, from December 2004 to November 2005. The type of reproduction was observed after the placing in aquariums (a) of then with males and (b) other on individually, at the nauplii phase, where they stayed for 15 days until the reproductive age. The sexual proportion was calculated through the relative frequencies of males and females, every month, for the whole collection period during 10 days. the production of cysts was related to the size of the female. The male: female ratio in the study period was 1 male:1,07 female. The proportion male:female was from 48,25% : 51,75% along the year. Concerning the type of reproduction, it was observed that this specie is characteerized by sexual reproduction

Hierarquia de dominância durante a obtenção de Alimento em cebus apella e cebus libidinosus em Cativeiro

The analysis of the index of hierarchy and structural models of the formation of groups allowed to establish the hierarchical position of members of two groups of the genus Cebus. By the analyses of the hierarchical positions and the application of tests to obtain a food resource (TORA), we know the difference between these groups and groups in the wild. The results show a high ranking for both Cebus apella, as well as Cebus libidinosus. The results have enabled us to establish that the hierarchical structure in groups of Cebus in captivity: a) can be fixed and rigid different from highly flexible hierarchical structure studied in groups of wild b) even which similar hierarchy indices, there are differences in the hierarchical structure presents between C. apella and C. libidinosus in captivity c) hierarchy directly influence the behavioral patterns of obtaining food in Cebus

Transferência de alimento aos infantes de Callithrix jacchus em uma situação de escassez de recurso alimentar

The genus Callithrix, like other marmosets, presents a cooperative breeding system, characterized by the contribution of parents and non-breeding individuals of the social group in the care of infants. This care is provided through lactation, transport, supervision of infants and food transfers. In this study, we investigated the care of offspring in Callithrix jacchus through the food transfers in family groups under conditions of abundance and scarcity of food resources. We also attempted to verify the relationship between the participation of individuals in the transport of infants and in the food sharing. We observed four families at the Núcleo de Primatologia of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, in a total of seven infants, six twins and a single infant. Each infant was observed twice a week, from 1st to 20th week of life using the methods focal continuous and focal instantaneous sampling with one minute intervals. The observations were carried by 10 minutes and beginning with the supply of food for each family. Two families were tested under conditions of scarcity of food resources (experimental condition) and two others were subjected to conditions of abundant food, both conditions with restricted access to food supply. The condition of food scarcity did not influence the rate of food sharing with the infants that, in general, was considered low. All shares observed were passive sharings. Only one family showed higher levels of food begging, probably due to the loss of the mother during the period of lactation of her offspring. In this family, the dominant and subadult males were primarily responsible for the food sharing. The experimental condition influenced the distance of infants in relation to food source, so the infants in families that received abundant food remained closer to the source. However, it is believed that the place of food consumption was not influenced by experimental condition. There was no relationship between the participation of individuals in the transport and food sharing with their young. Therefore, it is suggested that, in general, the transfer of food in C. jacchus is characterized by tolerance to the demands of caregivers, represented by the passive sharing. Rates of sharing with infants were low, probably due to intra-group competition for food generated by the experiment.

A conceptualização de RAIVA na perspectiva da Teoria Cognitiva da Metáfora: uma análise da emergência de sentido

The objective of this research is to describe and analyze in literary corpus, the way we conceptualize emotions, especially anger. Using the assumptions of the call Cognitive Theory of Metaphor, present a general overview of cognition metaphor on the basis of Cognitive Linguistics, and in a deeper way, we analyze the metaphorical conceptualization of anger. The proposal embodied mind, prevalent in current cognitive science, is fundamental for studies involving mental simulation. Recent research shows that the metaphor is the result of cognitive processes that involve our perception sensorimotor combined with socio-cultural experiences. The ability to build via frequency standards for our experiments is crucial to our language, including metaphorical constructions. Such constructions are the result of cognitive processes that involve the relationship between image schemas and frames. Image schemas comes from our sensorimotor experience, which lists the limits of our bodies to the limits of our surroundings, and frames, in turn, comes from our ability to stock sociocultural events. The metaphorical construction is the result of this constant relationship between body, mind and culture, situating us in bodily experiences and cultural. By analyzing five national literary works, we created an analytical framework on how anger is understood, specifically in Portuguese language. The results are important to understand, through language, how culture is part of our cognition, in conjunction with the sensorimotor aspects.

Borges: alegoria, metáfora e morte

This work consists of a discussion, analysis and reading of Borges’stories, in that the problem of interest pronounces to the language, to the speech and the deed, sending them so much to the Literature with relationship to the Philosophy, so much to the statute of the ficcional, with relationship to the of the ontologic. In that optics, it intends to show the Borges deed as warp of the death, of the allegorical and of the metaphorical, in the sense of bringing for the ficcional lines different from the Real, elaborating the speech for besides the statement, reaching the interstic, the silence, the interruptions and the suspension of the representation. In that discursive elaboration, a crossing is pointed in the letter, affected for unspeakable sensations, crossing the processes of memory, imaginary and real, in which the time counting makes to emerge the difference and the repetition. In these if constituting territorial negotioting that they lead the characters to imaginary spaces as possibilities of the real, allowing them executes mobility for desterritory it self and reterritory itself, according to the change forces that show in your threshing. For so much, it is placed as mark a bibliographical research orientated by authors as Maurice Blanchot (2008), Kátia Muricy (1998), João Adolfo Hansen (2006), Susan Sontag (2007), Mário Bruno (2004), Juan Manuel García Ramos (2003), Elizabeth Kübler Ross (2008), Walter Benjamin (1984), Gilles Deleuze (1997; 2006; 2009), Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari (1995; 1996; 1997). The theoretical corpus and of discussion, it is constituted to leave of those authors, assisting to the implicit qualitative character in the construction of this thesis. What about to the literary corpus, this is composed by the stories The writing of the God, The two kings and the two labyrinths, The lottery of Babylon, The metaphor, The library of Babel, The mirror and the mask, A theologian in death and The dead man.