Efeito da adição de feldspato e/ou resíduo de caulin em formulações à base de argila ilítica

The red pottery industry in Piauí state is well developed and stands out at the national context for the technical quality of its products. The floor and wall tile industry, however, is little developed since the state has only one company that produces red clay-based ceramic tiles. This thesis aims at using the predominantly illitic basic mass of the above mentioned industry, with the addition of feldspar and/or kaolin residue in order to obtain products of higher technical quality. Kaolin residue consists basically of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz; the feldspar used was potassic. In this experiment, basic mass (MB) was used for experimental control and fifteen formulations codified as follows: F2, F4, F8, F16, F32, FR2, FR4, FR8, FR16, FR32, R2, R4, R8, R16 and R32. All raw materials were dry-milled, classified, formulated and then humidified to 10% water. Thereafter, test samples were produced by unixial pressing process in a rectangular steel matrix (60.0 x 20.0 x 5.0) mm3 at (25 MPa). They were fired at four temperatures: 1080°C, 1120°C, 1160°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min during up to 10 min in an electric oven, and the last one in an industrial oven with a peak of 1140°C, aim ing to confirm the results found in laboratory and, finally, technological tests were performed: MEA, RL, AA, PA, TRF and PF. The results revealed that the residue under study can be considered a raw material with large potential in the industry of red clay-based ceramic tiles, since the results found both in laboratory and in the industry have shown that the test samples produced from the formulations with up to 4% feldspar and those produced with up to 8% feldspar and residue permitted a reduction in the water absorption rate and an increase in the mechanical resistance while those samples produced with up to 4% residue had an increase in the mechanical resistance when compared to those produced from the basic mass and that the formulation with 2% feldspar and residue presented the best technological properties, lowering the sintering temperature down to 1120°C

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um eco-compósito de poliuretano de mamona e fibra de lã canina

The Sustainability has been evidence in the world today; organizations have sought to be more and more into this philosophy in their processes, whether products or attendance. In the present work were manufactured eco-composites with animal fiber (dog wool) that is currently discarded into the environment without any use. Project phases consisted on the initial treatment of fibers with alkaline solution (NaOH) at 0.05 mols for removal of impurities, developing methods to convert these fibers (reinforcement) blended with castor oil polyurethane (matrix) in eco-composite with different proportions (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Fiber properties were evaluated by analysis of SEM, XRD and FTIR. The composites were produced by compression molding with dimensions 30x30x1cm. For characterization of the composites the following tests were performed: mechanical (tensile, compression, shore hardness A) according the standards and testing water absorption, moisture regain and biodegradation. The analysis of thermal properties on fibers and composites were by TG, DSC, thermal conductivity, resistivity, heat capacity and thermal resistance. Analyzing the results of these tests, it was observed that the composite reinforced with 20% showed a better thermal performance between others composites and dimensional stability when compared to commercial thermal insulation. Also is possible to observe a balance in moisture absorption of the composite being shown with its higher absorption rate in this same sample (20%). The micrographs show the fiber interaction regions with polyurethane to fill the empty spaces. In hardness and compression testing can identify that with increasing percentage of the fiber material acquires a greater stiffness by making a higher voltage is used for forming necessary. So by the tests performed in eco-composites, the highest percentage of fiber used as reinforcement in their composition obtained a better performance compared to the remaining eco-composites, reaching values very close to the PU.

Efeito da adição de feldspato e/ou resíduo de caulin em formulações à base de argila ilítica

The red pottery industry in Piauí state is well developed and stands out at the national context for the technical quality of its products. The floor and wall tile industry, however, is little developed since the state has only one company that produces red clay-based ceramic tiles. This thesis aims at using the predominantly illitic basic mass of the above mentioned industry, with the addition of feldspar and/or kaolin residue in order to obtain products of higher technical quality. Kaolin residue consists basically of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz; the feldspar used was potassic. In this experiment, basic mass (MB) was used for experimental control and fifteen formulations codified as follows: F2, F4, F8, F16, F32, FR2, FR4, FR8, FR16, FR32, R2, R4, R8, R16 and R32. All raw materials were dry-milled, classified, formulated and then humidified to 10% water. Thereafter, test samples were produced by unixial pressing process in a rectangular steel matrix (60.0 x 20.0 x 5.0) mm3 at (25 MPa). They were fired at four temperatures: 1080°C, 1120°C, 1160°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min during up to 10 min in an electric oven, and the last one in an industrial oven with a peak of 1140°C, aim ing to confirm the results found in laboratory and, finally, technological tests were performed: MEA, RL, AA, PA, TRF and PF. The results revealed that the residue under study can be considered a raw material with large potential in the industry of red clay-based ceramic tiles, since the results found both in laboratory and in the industry have shown that the test samples produced from the formulations with up to 4% feldspar and those produced with up to 8% feldspar and residue permitted a reduction in the water absorption rate and an increase in the mechanical resistance while those samples produced with up to 4% residue had an increase in the mechanical resistance when compared to those produced from the basic mass and that the formulation with 2% feldspar and residue presented the best technological properties, lowering the sintering temperature down to 1120°C