Ribeira, técnica versus natureza: transformações em prol de um projeto de modernização (1860-1932)

The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal

Casas modernas na orla marítima de João Pessoa 1960 a 1974

This paper studies modern houses built in the neighborhoods of Cabo Branco, Tambaú and Manaíra by the seafront in Joao Pessoa, built between 1960 and 1974. We start from the already widespread notion that Brazilian Modern Architecture was inspired by foreign ways, mainly European but also American here recast, adapted, often innovating repertoire and ideas received (Y. BRUAND, 2005; H. SEGAWA, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; M. M. ACAYABA e S. FICHER, 1982; M. B. C. ARANHA, 2008; F. C. L. LARA, 2001; R. V. ZEIN, 2005; L. E. AMORIM, 1999, C. V. STINCO, 2010). With this look, after a field study, we collected 61 specimens in the collection of the Central Archive of João Pessoa City Hall, in order to identify which reformulations, adaptations or innovations would exist in modern houses built along the coast in João Pessoa. As we try to analyze the houses by what the bibliography had suggested (G. C. ARGAN, 1992; L. CORBUSIER, 2002; C.E.D. e M. ADRIÀ, 2007; K. FRAMPTON, 1997; H. H. HITCHCOCK, 1976; L. BENEVOLO, 2004; R. DE FUSCO, 1992, N . PEVSNER, 2002; M. RAGON, 1986; B. RISEBERO, 1982; E. ROBBINS, 1997; W. J. R. CURTIS, 1982; V. SCULLY, 2003; B. ZEVI, 1984; D. DUNST, 1999; A. COLQUHOUN, 2002; R. WESTON, 2005; A. IÑAKI, 2006; J. PETER, 1994) the starting idea seemed to us not sufficiently developed. So we decided, first, to undertake a literature review comparing speech and image of modern houses most often cited by international and national literature, following a script freely inspired the Vitruvian triad: the functional and spatial (sectorization, guidance, spatiality, movement); constructive aspects (structural elements, modulation, deck, sealing), and aesthetic aspects (composition, apertures, ornaments) (Cap.1), then cast a look under this same route in 61 specimens obtained initially, trying to verify any specificities they would have (Cap.2). Failing to deepen the analysis of all these examples, we chose 10 projects which were redesigned and described in more detail to which we supplement with the aspects of place - location / lot location, access, axiality. (E. C. MAHFUZ, 2002; J. C. MIGUEL, 2000; E. C. CHEREGATI, 2007; M. COTRIM, 2007). (Cap. 3). The documentation and description resulting allowed us to approach some related questions about the canonical transcripts hybridizing, adoptions and any vernacular innovations of modern houses along the coast, We conclude that the appellants and anachronistic elements isolates found in each of the studied bind to the Brazilian Modern Architecture

O parto dos caminhos: Formação dos Sindicatos Rurais no Rio Grande do Norte (1960 - 1964)

The present work treats the movements dedicated to reinvidication per land and social rights for the field works, among 1960 and 1964. Trying to understand this question in the Rio Grande do Norte it is necessary to consider the connection between the catholic church and the rural syndicates besides the influence of the Brazilian communist party, and still other social movements and the state. The structures politics local, national and international, had considerable importance to the organization rural potiguares workers. The rural potiguares syndicate appear in 1961 - after a hard organization work starting of the Service of Rural Assistance - and expand itself through state until the middle of 1962. Soon the first big conflicts an important manifestation are perceive, indirectly referring to a increasing movement's performance. The Favoring Progresses chains co quested a biggest influence in the politics destiny of the Rio Grande do Norte, in front of integration among syndicates, educational projects, and favoring progress's politics. But the military coup hired that the hope overflow the field

A prática docente de Myriam Coeli na década de 1960

The present work has as objective to reconstitute the biographical profile and pedagogical practices of the teacher Myriam Coeli de Araújo Dantas da Silveira, in the Professionalizing scholl of the Federal Net of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the 60 s years. The choice of the period is justified by being this the time of important changes in the Education, as an example we have the implementation of the Law of Lines of direction and Bases of the National Education, the 4.024/1961. This teacher contributed for the formation of the potiguar s society scholar, acting in the press, the journalism and the teaching, activity that I analyzed in this study. How the pedagogical practices of her had happened in the 60 s years? This question guided the research and, in the search to answer it I used as source the Public Archive of the Rio grande do Norte, the Historical and Geographic Institute of the Rio grande do Norte, the periodicals of the time, photographs, sketch books of Myriam Coeli and interviews with familiar, former-pupils and contemporaries of this master. I verified that her performance always was based in the educational changes lived deeply for her, carrying through a series of activities in the school as: elaboration of the annual program of Portuguese Language, organization of literary competitions and an practice based on the effective norms without leaving to unite respect and the understanding for the pupils. Of this form, the analysis is not summarized only to the practices of a teacher, but the configuration, in part, of the Rio Grande do Norte educational history in a determined period, the 60 s years

As mudanças da educação do RN nos idos de 1950 e 1960 :a prática de Lia Campo

The present study investigates and analyzes the participation of the teacher Lia Campos, during the 50 s and 60 s years, in the norte-riograndense educational organization. The choice of the period is justified because was at this the time what this teacher remained in the potiguar lands, working in favor of the education. In the search of data that informed me concerning her actions, I cover quantities as the Public Archive of the Great River of the North, Historical Institute and Geographic of the Rio Grande do Norte and the Center of Supplementary Studies Teacher Lia Campos, in the task to obtain photographs and verbal stories of friends and fellow workers, periodicals of the time, laws and decrees. Based on the primary education, the work of Lia Campos shows the relevance of the teaching formation for this level of education and the way as the ones that in it work can lead their conceptions and daily practical tasks. This way, I evidence that the cited teacher promotes, in this State, a series of activities as: survey and systematization of the school net; organization of the administrative stuff of the schools; qualifications and courses of improving for lay professors, as well as implantation of the Law of the Education nº 2.171/1957. Through this analysis I show as this teacher left printed her mark in the Rio Grande do Norte historiography by means of her actions, being therefore remembered for that they had followed her experience in norte-riograndense lands

As mudanças da educação do RN nos idos de 1950 e 1960 :a prática de Lia Campos

The present study investigates and analyzes the participation of the teacher Lia Campos, during the 50 s and 60 s years, in the norte-riograndense educational organization. The choice of the period is justified because was at this the time what this teacher remained in the potiguar lands, working in favor of the education. In the search of data that informed me concerning her actions, I cover quantities as the Public Archive of the Great River of the North, Historical Institute and Geographic of the Rio Grande do Norte and the Center of Supplementary Studies Teacher Lia Campos, in the task to obtain photographs and verbal stories of friends and fellow workers, periodicals of the time, laws and decrees. Based on the primary education, the work of Lia Campos shows the relevance of the teaching formation for this level of education and the way as the ones that in it work can lead their conceptions and daily practical tasks. This way, I evidence that the cited teacher promotes, in this State, a series of activities as: survey and systematization of the school net; organization of the administrative stuff of the schools; qualifications and courses of improving for lay professors, as well as implantation of the Law of the Education nº 2.171/1957. Through this analysis I show as this teacher left printed her mark in the Rio Grande do Norte historiography by means of her actions, being therefore remembered for that they had followed her experience in norte-riograndense lands

"Espaços (mal) ditos": representações dos bordéis Mossoroenses nas décadas de 1950 e 1960

The city that presents itself to our eyes is not just made of stone. The urban layout hides the tactics of the subjects who subjectivate spaces, giving it meaning through the representations that it produces, whether written or oral. The city's art, is represented, is home to the place where the good and bad places. The aim of this study is to analyze the representations about the spaces occupied by mossoroenses brothels in the 1950 and 1960. With this goal we organize the work into three chapters. At first, we present the formation of red-light district in the city, highlighting the composition of the bohemian spaces in good and bad places. In the second chapter we discuss how the representations developed by the newspaper O Mossoroense created a space damn for identifying the area as a place of crime and misdemeanor. In the last chapter we seek to identify and reconstruct the residents of Mossoró, in contemporary times, their memories about the peak time of the brothels in the city. In oral narratives seek to understand how people describe the places of the brothel, comparing the spatiality of the past with this experienced in the city. Therefore, we discuss how these spaces have been turned into places of pleasure and a curse, as places become common in places marked morally.

No tempo dos brotos: juventude e diversão em Petrópolis e no Tirol (1945-1960)

The urban growth of Rio Grande do Norte capital gave his boldest step in the three earlier decades of the twentieth century seeking to catch up with foreign metropolis and also most developed Brazilian cities, for example, Rio de Janeiro. Novelties were such bulky that we can notice the rise of a new city which in many aspects superseded that one considered provincial by local intelligentsia. These urban interferences scratched city ground leaving indelible marks until the present day. The exacerbated growth of the city related to the 1940s, when Natal begins hosting the largest allied military base outside United States in the advent of World War II is important at a time when the city´s population doubled. The emergence of new leisure institutions, amidst already existing ones, continued marking the places as sociabilities and leisure permeated with meanings and representations are revealed. This work sought to know the sociability of Tirol and Petrópolis neighborhoods in Natal, in the period from 1945 to 1960, when the city witnesses the consolidation of a market increasingly focused on leisure and young people start to have a special participation in this process.

O Bairro da Ribeira como um palimpsesto: dinâmicas urbanas na Cidade de Natal (1920-1960)

As cidades são textos. Textos escritos pelas sociedades que compõe os espaços. A partir dessa perspectiva, propõe-se aqui uma leitura do bairro da Ribeira Natal/RN. Esse espaço se consolidou no início do século XX como centro comercial e cultural da capital potiguar, lugar de ação e de interação da Zona Central desta sociedade, espaço de inscrição dos signos da modernidade e do progresso então em voga. Contudo, com o decurso do tempo e as transformações por ele exigidas, o panorama da Cidade de Natal sofreu intensas modificações e o bairro da Ribeira foi relegado à margem desse processo, o que culminou na desvalorização, segregação e, posteriormente, na degradação do seu espaço, que se tornou um palimpsesto. Ao abordar a dinâmica urbana que se processou no bairro da Ribeira, esta pesquisa dividiu o fenômeno em três fases distintas: valorização, transição e decadência

Feira livre de Macaíba/RN : um estudo das modificações na dinâmica socioespacial (1960/2006)

The objective of the current piece of research is to reflect upon the diverse changes that have occurred in the social and spatial dynamics of the Macaíba fair in the period between 1960 and 2006. During the second half of the 19th century, Macaíba had in the commerce one of this principle economic base a contribution for which the city became one of the main commercial warehouses of the East coast of the Rio Grande do Norte region. This helped lead to the growth of Macaíba s fair, which proved to be one of the most important existing in the state until the 1970 s. In the last two decades of the 20th century, certain elements represented challenges to the fair at Macaíba. These challenges stimulated substantial changes in the fair s dynamics which include the growth and expansion of the commercial and service sector, primarily though supermarkets; consolidation among the commercial and distribution networks, represented by the Central Office of Supply of the Rio Grande do Norte S/A (Ceasa/RN), by the wholesale and refrigeration companies; and the modernization of transportation methods, which permitted an expanded reach for these networks. Even with all these changes, the fair continues to be one of the strongest aspects of the city being the center of resistance against the surge of new forms of commerce and consumption in the city (notable the supermarkets) and the diffusion of other aspects of globalization. The fair has economic importance, as it offers a popular marketplace for the commercialization of very different products and a means for supplying goods to the residents of the city and the rural communities of Macaíba and the surrounding municipalities; and socio-cultural importance in that the fair is a place where popular tradition is expressed, a place where a great number of parallel activities occur, a place for meeting again and again, of conversations, of manifestations of culture and art, and of socialization in all of its dimensions

Sobre pedras, entre rios: modernização do espaço urbano de Caicó/RN (1950/1960)

thèse de maîtrise, qui a été idealizée et exécutée à partir de la réunion et les relations dialogiques établies entre la géographie et l'histoire, et l'espace et le temps, a considéré l'environnement urbain comme le thème général et, comme la référence empirique, l'espace urbain de Caicó, incrusté dans les terres semi-arides du Sertão do Seridó Potiguar, plus précisément à la mi-sud de l'État du Rio Grande do Norte. Dans cet espace, à travers de recherche des fragments de mémoires acquis de diverses sources historiques, on a tenté de faire des investigations sur les transformations urbaines qui ont eu lieu dans la ville au cours des années 50 et 60 du XXe siècle. Ces transformations, dans l espace urbain de Caicó à un moment du pic de l'activité de développement de coton, reflétaient et conditionnaient les propres projets de modernization urbaine qui représentants des élites locales eurent conçu avec l'objectif de la construction d une ville idéal dans les regions isolées du Seridó: moderne, civilisé, progressive et capitale régionale du Seridó. Pour cette construction, les nouveaux équipements et services urbains ont passé du plan imaginaire à l espace réel, installés dans plusieurs quartiers de la ville en transformant le paysage urbain. Face à cette situation, cinémas, magasins, station de radio, énergie électrique, institutions de l'éducation, téléphonie, maison de soins infirmiers, usine de bénéficiement de coton, banques, politiques urbaines, hygiéniques et sanitaires, modes de comportement, sociabilités urbaines distincttes, parmi d'autres éléments géographiques se sont institués à travers la réalisation de certains idéaux de progrès social et dans un esprit de modernité urbaine, dans de nouveaux espaces et pratiques inventés, tramés et éprouvés sur les rochers et entre le cours d eau au milieu d'un quotidien urbain marqué par ruptures et permanence de certaines coutumes et habitudes antiques et de certains paysages et environnement ridé