Estudo da capacidade de remoção de óleo solúvel, em águas produzidas, por bentonitas hidrofobizadas

In this study we evaluated the capacity removal of PAHs in an oily solution between the bentonite hydrofobized with linseed oil and paraffin with natural bentonite. Analyses of natural bentonite and hydrofobized were made by the characterization techniques: (1) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), which aimed to evaluate the thermal events due to mass loss, both associated with the exit of moisture and decomposition of clay as due to hidrofobizante loss agent. (2) Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the mineralogical phases that make up the structure of clay and (3) Spectrophotometry in the infrared region used to characterize the functional groups of both the matrix mineral (bentonite) and the hidrofobizantes agents (linseed oil and paraffin). We used a factorial design 24 with the following factors; hidrofobizante, percent hidrofobizante, adsorption time and volume of the oily solution. Analyzing the factorial design 24 was seen that none of the factors apparently was more important than the others and, as all responses showed significant values in relation to the ability of oil removal was not possible to evaluate a difference in the degree of efficiency the two hidrofobizantes. For the new study compared the efficiency of the modified clay, with each hidrofobizante separately in relation to their natural form. As such, there are four new factorial designs 23 using natural bentonite as a differentiating factor. The factors used were bentonite (with and without hydrophobization), exposure time of the adsorbent material to the oily solution and volume of an oily solution, trying to interpret how these factors could influence the process of purifying water contaminated with PAHs. Was employed as a technique for obtaining responses to fluorescence spectroscopy, as already known from literature that PAHs, for presenting combined chains due to condensation of the aromatic rings fluoresce quite similar when excited in the ultraviolet region and as an auxiliary technique to gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used for the analysis of PAHs in order to complement the study of fluorescence spectroscopy, since the spectroscopic method only allows you an idea of total number of fluorescent species contained in the oil soluble. The result shows an excellent adsorption of PAHs and other fluorescent species assigned to the main effect of the first factor, hydrophobization for the first planning 23 BNTL 5%, for 93% the sixth stop in the second test (+-+),factorial design 23 BNTL 10%, the fourth test (++-) with 94.5% the third factorial design 23 BNTP 5%, the second test (+--) with 91% and the fourth and final planning 23 BNTP 10%, the last test ( + + +) with 88%. Compared with adsorption of bentonite in its natural form. This work also shows the maximum adsorption of each hidrofobizante

Efeito agudo do exercício aeróbio vigoroso sobre as funções executivas em adolescentes

Executive functions are determinant cognitive processes for student success, since they execute and control complex cognitive activities such as reasoning, planning and solving problems. The development of the executive functions performances begin early at childhood going through the adolescence until adulthood, concomitant with the neuroanatomical, functional and blood perfusion changes over the brain. In this scenario, exercise has been considered an important environmental factor for neurodevelopment, as well as for the promotion of cognitive and brain health. However, there are no large scientific studies investigating the effects of a single vigorous aerobic exercise session on executive functions in adolescents. Objective: To verify the acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on executive functions in adolescents. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with crossover design was used. 20 pubescent from both sexes/gender with age between 10 and 16 years were submitted to two sessions of 30min each: 1) The aerobic exercise session intensity was between 65 and 75% of heart rate reserve, in which 5min for warm-up, 20min at the target intensity and 5min of cool down; and 2) control session watching cartoons. The computerized Stroop test – Testinpacs and trail making test were used to evaluate the inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility assessment respectively, before and after both experimental and control sessions. The reaction time (RT) and number of errors (n) of Stroop test were recorded. The total time (TT) and the number of errors (n) of the trail making test were also recorded. Results: The control session’s RT did not present significant differences in the Stroop test. On the other hand, the exercise session’s RT decreased significantly (p<0.01) after the session. The number of errors made at the Stroop test had no significant differences in control and exercise sessions. The ΔTT of trail making test of exercise session was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control session’s. Errors made in trail making test did not show significant differences between control and exercise sessions. Additionally, there was significant and positive association among the Stroop test ΔRT of exercise session with xiii chronological age (r= 0.635, p=0.001; r 2 = 0.404, p=0.003) and sexual maturation (rs= 0.580, p=0.007; r 2 = 0.408, p=0.002). Differently, there was no association among the control session ΔRT and chronological age (r= – 0.144, p=0.273; r 2 = 0.021, p=0.545) or sexual maturation (rs= –0.155, p=0.513; r 2 = 0.015, p=0.610). Conclusion: Vigorous aerobic exercise seems to improve acutely executive functions in adolescents. The effect of exercise on inhibitory control performance was associated to pubertal stage and chronological age. In other words, the benefits of exercise were more evident in early adolescence (↑ ΔRT) and its magnitude decreases along the growing up process.

Capacidade de carga de misturas de solo laterítico e desbastes de pneus

Government efforts have found some obstacles in achieving a better infrastructure regarding environmental preservation requirements. There is a need to develop new techniques that leave the big exploitation of environmental resources. This study measures the evaluation of the behavior of a composite formed by lateritic soil mix and tire buffings. In this way, a road embankment model was developed to assess the bearing capacity of the composite. This study measured the load capacity of the composites with 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% rubber mixed with the soil, by weight, iron plate loading tests on a simulated embankment in a metal box of 1.40 x 1.40 x 0.80 m. After four compaction layers of the composite, a plate test was performed, and then stress-settlement curves were obtained for the material. The embankments with 20% and 40% rubber content was difficult to compact. There was a significant reduction in the load capacity of the soil-plate system with increasing rubber content. The composite with the lowest loss of bearing capacity in relation to the reference soil was the one with a χ = 10%. In the load capacity tests, another aspect noted was the bearing capacity in terms of CBR. The results also show a gradual decrease in bearing capacity in the composites as with the rubber incorporation content increases. As in the plate load tests, the composite that had the lower bearing capacity loss was also that with 10% content.

Estudo comparativo da capacidade de assamento de dois fornos solares com diferentes configurações

This research is presented as a comparative study about the baking capacity of two box type ovens, produced from a packing case used to equipment transportation. The two ovens have different internal settings, with the greenhouse effect and the concentration of incident solar radiation as the main parameters of differentiation. The main features of the ovens are the low cost, the reuse of materials, the manufacturing and assembly processes simplified, the easy management and the ability of baking a variety of foods simultaneously. The manufacturing and operation of the ovens can be handled by any social and intellectual level of people. The feasibility of the ovens to bake the tested foods was proved with success, ensuring the supremacy of the mirrored oven. The results obtained for both ovens were competitive even with the conventional gas oven, producing the baking of three cakes with 750g in just 80 minutes.

Classificação de técnicas e auxílio à navegação de busca com base em sua carga cognitiva, precisão e eficiência

Navigation, in both virtual and real environments, is the process of a deliberated movement to a specific place that is usually away from the origin point, and that cannot be perceived from it. Navigation aid techniques (TANs) have as their main objective help finding a path through a virtual environment to a desired location and, are widely used because they ease the navigation on these unknown environments. Tools like maps, GPS (Global Positioning System) or even oral instructions are real world examples of TAN usage. Most of the works which propose new TANs for virtual environments aim to analyze their impact in efficiency gain on navigation tasks from a known place to an unknown place. However, such papers tend to ignore the effect caused by a TAN usage over the route knowledge acquisition process, which is important on virtual to real training transfer, for example. Based on a user study, it was possible to confirm that TANs with different strategies affects the performance of search tasks differently and that the efficiency of the help provided by a TAN is not inversely related to the cognitive load of the technique’s aids. A technique classification formula was created. This formula utilizes three factors instead of only efficiency. The experiment’s data were applied to the formula and we obtained a better refinement of help level provided by TANs.

Análise da atividade cognitiva do operador de sala de controle da produção de controle da produção de petróleo on-shore: uma abordagem da ergonomia para a gestão das restrições do sistema sociotécnico

This master's thesis aims to analyze the activity of the operators in a control room of the processes of production on-shore petroleum, with a focus on sociotechnical restrictions that interfere in the decision-making process and the actions of operators and therefore, the strategies (individual and collective) to regulate and maintain the operator action required and the safety of the system, together. The activity in focus involves the supervision and control of the production of thousands of barrels of oil/day in a complex and dispersed production’s structures built in an extension of 80 km. This operational framework highlights the importance of this activity for the fulfilment of the targets local and corporate efficiency, good management of the environment, health and safety of operators. This is an exploratory research and in the field, which uses the methodology of Ergonomic Analysis of the Work, composed of observational techniques and interactional, having as locus control room of the processes of production on-shore oil of an oil company. The population of this research is formed by operators in the control room of an Brazilian oil company. The results showed that the supervisory activity and control of the superheated steam injection is an complex context, demands greater attention, concentration, calculations, comparisons, trend analysis and decision making. The activity is collectively constructed between the control room operator, field operator and the supplier of steam. The research showed that the processes of communication and collaboration between the control room , fields and support staff are the key elements of this activity. The study shows that the operators have the autonomy and the elements necessary for work; and that there is continuous investments to improve the technology used and that the operators report sleep disturbances as a result of chronic exposure to night work. The study contributed with proposals for transformation of this activity: with regard to the installation of a area reserved for food in control room, the update the screens of the supervisory current operating condition, the periodic visits by room operators in the field, standardization of production reports, development assistance and standardization of nomenclature of controlling stations steam systems, to improve the conditions of realization of the activity, improve the quality of products produced by operators and contribute to reduce the possibility of slips or shifts in the activity.

Efeitos do treino resistido na capacidade funcional e na reatividade pressórica em pacientes intradialíticos

Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos ao treinamento resistido durante a hemodiálise apresentam benefícios substanciais dos sistemas muscular e cardiovascular, da capacidade funcional e da sua qualidade de vida. Entretanto, as melhorias na reatividade pressórica ainda não estão bem esclarecidas. O objetivo foi analisar o efeito do treino resistido na melhora da capacidade funcional e da reatividade pressórica em pacientes hemodialisados, em Natal/RN no ano de 2014. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, com amostra de 64 pacientes, com média de idade de 42,28 (±11,48) anos, distribuídos em grupo experimental (GE) e controle (GC). Para mensurar os ganhos de força de membros inferiores foram utilizados os testes de sentar e levantar e de levantar e caminhar, já para a reatividade pressórica o teste cold pressor, em ambos os grupos antes e após a intervenção. Além disso, apenas o GE participou do treinamento resistido durante a hemodiálise em 16 semanas, composto por 3 sessões semanais, 3 séries de 10 repetições máximas (RM) estimadas (para extensores de joelho e flexores de quadril e joelho), entre 50 a 70% de 10 RM. Para a intensidade do treinamento foi utilizada a escala de Borg entre 11 a 14 durante as seções. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Teste t para amostras independentes (inter-grupos) bem como para comparar a diferença das médias nos grupos pré e pós-intervenção (intra-grupos) a partir do Teste t para amostras repetidas. Para todas as variáveis foi considerada a significância estatística de 5% executados no software SPSS® 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL - UFRN) número 37992214.2.0000.5292. Após a intervenção, verificou-se que os pacientes do GE tiveram um desempenho melhor nos testes de força (p<0,001) em comparação ao GC. Resultado também observado na pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD) ambas de repouso que apresentaram redução dos níveis pressóricos apenas no GE (p<0,001). Na reatividade pressórica tanto nos períodos pré bem como após 2 minutos também demonstraram reduções estatisticamente significativas do GE (p<0,001 e p=0,012) respectivamente quando comparado ao GC. Conclui-se que o treinamento resistido melhorou desempenho nos testes de força de membros inferiores beneficiando a capacidade funcional dos pacientes em hemodiálise, como também a pressão arterial de repouso e os níveis de reatividade pressórica obtiveram reduções significativas de seus valores após a intervenção. Além disso, este tipo de treinamento também pode ser utilizado como uma estratégia de proteção aos fatores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes renais crônicos.

Capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme de Candida ssp. isoladas da cavidade oral de pacientes transplantados renais na presença do extrato de Eugenia uniflora

Candidiasis is a major oral manifestation in kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. possess essential virulence factors which contribute for the infectious process, including the ability to adhere to epithelial cells and biofilm formation. The extract obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora [acetone: water (7:3, v/v)] has demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida spp. This study evaluated the influence of the extract of E. uniflora in adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC) and biofilm formation of 42 strains of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients. Candida spp. strains belonging to a culture collection were reactivated and phenotypically re-identified by classical and molecular methods (genotyping ABC and RAPD), when necessary, to complete the identification to the species level. For the virulence tests evaluated in vitro, yeasts were grown in the presence and absence of 1000 g/mL of the extract. A ratio of 10: 1 (Candida spp. cells x HBECs) was incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C, 200 rpm, fixed with 10% formalin and the number of Candida cells adhered to 150 HBEC determined by optical microscope. Biofilms were formed on polystyrene microplates in the presence or absence of the extract. The quantification was performed with crystal violet staining at 570 nm. All isolates were viable and exhibited phenotypic characteristics suggestive of each species identified. Two strains presumptively identified as Candida dubliniensis belonged to this species as determined with genotyping ABC, while strains identified as belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex were differentiated by RAPD genotyping. Candida albicans was found to be the most adherent species to the buccal epithelia, while C. tropicalis showed remarkable biofilm formation.We could detect that the extract of E. uniflora was able to reduce adhesion to HBEC for both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans Candida species. On the other hand, only 16 Candida spp. strains (36 %) showed reduced biofilm formation. However, two highly biofilm producer strains of C. tropicalis had an expressive reduction in biofilm formation. This study reinforces the idea that besides growth inhibition, E. uniflora may interfere with the expression of some virulence factors of Candida spp., and may be possibly applied in the future as a novel antifungal agent.

Os estados no SUAS: uma análise da capacidade institucional dos governos estaduais na assistência social

This paper deals of the effects generated by institutional designs in the behavior of political actors. The literature that discusses the implications of federal arrangements in the production of public policies to dock at two opposing arguments: (1) the federal configuration would cause dispersion and variation in service provision between subnational governments; and (2) the central government would own mechanisms to induce the provision of national policies in more homogeneous levels, similar to unitary states. The research is part of this discussion because it analyzes the effects of the institutional design of the Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) in the decisions of states in Brazil. Therefore, we analyzed the institutional capacity built by the 26 state governments after the implementation of SUAS, conceiving this system as defined mechanism of government functions and federative cooperation.It is argued that the existence of a heterogeneous institutional capacity of state governments in social assistance is a result of the autonomy contained in the institutional design of SUAS to this level of government. This freedom of action relativize the idea that the implementation of national public policy systems would generate positive (or homogeneous) effects in all subnational governments, at the same time as it preclude to generalize the premise of fragility of the states in the brazilian federal plan.

Efeitos de um programa de treino cognitivo e das técnicas de higiene do sono para as funções executivas e para a qualidade de sono em idosos saudáveis

The aging process causes changes in the elderly’s sleep/awake standard impairing their cognitive abilities, particularly executive functioning, which already suffers loss by aging. The literature suggests that executive function and preserved sleep quality are key to maintaining good quality of life and independence of older people, requiring interventions to minimize the impact of losses incurred by the aging process. This study evaluated the effect of a cognitive training program and sleep hygiene techniques for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy older people. The participants were 41 healthy older adults, of both sexes, who were randomly divided into four groups: control group [GC], cognitive training group [GTC], sleep hygiene group [GHS] and training group + hygiene [GTH]. The research was developed in three stages: 1st - initial assessment of cognition and sleep; 2nd - specific intervention to each group; 3rd - post-intervention revaluation. The results showed that GTC had significant improvements in cognitive tasks flexibility, planning, verbal fluency and some aspects of episodic memory, besides gains in sleep quality and decrease on daytime hypersomnolence. The GHS improved sleep quality and daytime sleepiness as well and had significant improvements in insights capacity, planning, attention and in all evaluated aspects of episodic memory. The GTH had significant gains in cognitive flexibility, problem solving, verbal fluency, attention and episodic memory. The CG showed significant worsening in excessive daytime sleepiness in capacity planning. Thus, we conclude that cognitive training interventions and sleep hygiene strategies are useful in improving cognitive performance and quality of healthy elderly sleep.

Ergonomia cognitiva do trabalho: um estudo baseado na gestão do conhecimento e no capital intelectual

REGIS, Josiana Florencio Vieira. et al. Ergonomia cognitiva do trabalho: um estudo baseado na gestão do conhecimento e no capital intelectual. IN: SIMPOSIO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇAO, 15., 2008, Sao Paulo. Anais eletronicos... Sao Paulo: UNESP, 2008. TRabalho oral. Disponivel em: http://www.simpep.feb.unesp.br/anais_simpep.php?e=2. Acesso em: 4.set.2010.

Permanências e perspectivas no ensino de projeto de arquitetura no Brasil: uma análise a partir da produção científica dos Seminários UFRGS (1985) e Projetar (2003-2011)

O objeto de estudo desta tese é o ensino de projeto de arquitetura no contexto acadêmico brasileiro. O trabalho procura analisar esse objeto nos aspectos relativos ao ensinar a fazer e ao aprender a fazer , por meio de uma perspectiva epistemológica e cognitiva, a partir da produção científica dos Seminários UFRGS (1985) e Projetar (2003-2011) sob o olhar de três estados constitutivos: conservação, permanência e transformação. A metodologia de investigação é qualitativa e seus pressupostos são investigad os por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo em busca de um conhecimento aproximativo. Dentro do universo pesquisado, as hipóteses conduzem: primeiro, à investigação e caracterização de estruturas que se conservam; segundo, à investigação e levantamento de valores e conceitos que permanecem adequados por sua capacidade de adaptação às mudanças e paradigmas; e, terceiro, por procurarem destacar práticas pedagógicas que indicam novos caminhos na maneira de agir e de se pensar o ensino de projeto de arquitetura. A pesquisa demonstrou que, embora em menores proporções, ainda se conservam ações e posturas pedagógicas que: valorizam os ideais funcionalistas e racionalistas da arquitetura; adotam posturas deterministas, caminhos prescritivos ou intuitivos no ensino da concepção arquitetural; não apresentam clareza metodológica na abordagem da problemática arquitetônica; os contextos urbanos são pouco explorados na experimentação; utilizam um sistema de concepção baseado em princípios estéticos canônicos e universais, sem problematizar as causas da transformação da arquitetura contemporânea e qual o seu papel numa sociedade complexa e diversificada. Com relação às novas perspectivas encontradas, a análise da produção científica demonstrou que a prática pedagógica do ensino de projeto de arquitetura no Brasil passa por transformações críticas valiosas. Essa constatação foi percebida, por meio, também, de reflexões e de práticas pedagógicas que valorizam a integração de conteúdos; que possuem um discurso crítico e conciliador com relação à necessidade de renovação de práticas, paradigmas, meios e conteúdos; que estão abertas às posturas cooperativas e às estratégias para a constituição de um corpo teórico-prático para o ensino do projeto que não se limite ao campo da arquitetura; que reconhecem a importância das novas tecnologias computacionais na concepção projetual e no ensino do projeto, assim como, as tecnologias e estratégias que atualizam as soluções projetuais no uso adequado dos recursos ambientais; que consideram o espaço acadêmico como um lugar propício para as experiências projetuais e pedagógicas; que manifestam um esforço em considerar a participação do usuário, assim como em realizar um processo de apreensão de contextos complexos como objeto de estudo, adotando uma postura de valorização do processo projetual. O trabalho conclui que a educação do arquiteto deve estar atenta aos aspectos relativos à inclusão da realidade sociocultural e ambiental como referência para o fazer arquitetural em detrimento da primazia dada à racionalidade técnica, uma vez que essa realidade permite a mediação, entre o ser e o mundo , como uma estratégia que supera qualquer antecipação programática e viabiliza a transformação e a construção do próprio ser e do mundo . Assim, se o aprender fazendo é necessário para a formação do arquiteto, que esse fazer seja refletido e retroalimente a prática

Caracterização limnológica e determinação da capacidade suporte do reservatório mendubim, (Rio Grande do Norte) para o cultivo de peixes em tanques-rede

The aims of this study were: i) assessing the trophic state of the Mendubim reservoir (semi-arid, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; 05° 38 99,0 S 36°55 98,0 W) based on chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and water transparency; ii) relating the patterns of temporal variation of zooplankton and phytoplankton to the trophic state of the reservoir and iii) investigating the carrying capacity of the reservoir for cage fish farming. The samplingwas done monthly from July 2006 to July 2007 in three stations at the reservoir: next to the dam (barrage), in the central region and in the mouth of the main tributary. The abiotic and biotic variables analyzed were: Secchi depth, volatiles and fixed suspended solids, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and nitrogen, TN:TP ratio and mesozooplankton and phytoplankton composition and biomass. The results showed that the reservoir can be considered as mesotrophic with mean concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a equal to 1711, 1 μg.L-1, 30,8 μg.L-1 and 5,62 μg.L-1 respectively. The Cyanophyceae class was the most representative in terms of density, with the presence of potentially toxic species such as Microcystis aeruginosa, Planktothrix planctonica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon sp. ,Aphanocapsa delicatissima and Pseudanabaena acicularis. Among the zooplankton, the genus Notodiaptomus presented the largest biomass values. Overall, our results show that the light limitation should explain the weak relationship between chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. We concluded that the water of Mendubim reservoir is suitable for intensive fish cage aquaculture. Based on the carrying capacity calculations for this reservoir, we found that the maximum sustainable yield of tilapias in cages in the reservoir is 126 ton per year assuming a factor of food conversion of 1.5: 1.0 and a phosphorus content in the fish food of 1%

Eutrofização e capacidade de carga de fósforo de seis reservatórios a bacia do Rio Seridó, região semi-árida do Estado do RN

The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic´s body that it has been accelerated for the human´s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic´s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Seridó of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs