Utilização do resíduo grosso do beneficiamento da scheelita em aplicações rodoviárias

Mining is an activity of great economic and social value, assisting in the development of the country. However, it can be extremely harmful to the environment if no proper waste management study exists as mitigation measure its effects. Sample some of these harmful effects are pollution: water, through the seepage of waste into the groundwater; soil; of fauna and flora; sound (due to the noise of machines); visual from the residue stored in the open, changing the local landscape; and air. One way to mitigate environmental impacts caused by mining is the proper management of their waste through their use on highways. To that end, this paper proposes to give an appropriate destination to grit coming from the beneficiation of scheelite, due to mining activity from mining group Tomaz Salustino in Brejuí mine, located in the city of Currais Novos in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This work was developed in four stages. The first comprised the chemical and mineralogical tests, DRX and FRX in which they sought to discover the composition of the material studied. The next step involved the physical characteristics of the waste by means of specific tests and grinding the solid mass, LL and LP. The third stage included the specific tests applied to the pavement, with the compaction test and test Index Support California. Finally, the fourth stage was the mechanical characterization, represented by direct shear tests, both in the flooded condition and not in flooded condition. The technical feasibility of using the modified energie compacted in layers of subbase power has been verified. In normal and intermediate energies is feasible to use less noble as layers as the subgrade. The incorporation of the waste in layers of road pavements provide an alternative to conventionally used in paving aggregates, providing a proper disposal of tailings from scheelite, as well as environmental preservation

Modelo animal da Doença de Parkinson baseado na expressão de alfa - sinucleína: caracterização comportamental, eletrofisiológica e avaliação dos efei tos da estimulação da medula espinhal

Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with motor symptoms and dopaminergic cell loss in the nigrostriatal pathway. Alpha-synuclein is the major component of the Lewy bodies, the biological hallmarks of disease, and has been associated with familial cases of PD. Recently, the spinal cord stimulation (SCS) showed to be effective to alleviate the Parkinson symptoms in animal models and human patients. In this project, we characterized the motor and electrophysiological effects of alpha-synuclein overexpression in the substantia nigra of rats. We further investigated the effects of spinal electrical stimulation, AMPT and L-dopa administration in this model. Method: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with empty viral vector or the vector carrying the gene for alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra, and were tested weekly for 10 weeks in the open field and cylinder tests. A separated group of animals implanted with bilateral electrode arrays in the motor cortex and the striatum were recorded in the open field, during the SCS sessions and the pharmacological experiments. Results: Alpha-synuclein expression resulted in motor asymmetry, observed as the reduction in use of contralateral forepaw in the cylinder test. Animals showed an increase of local field potential activity in beta band three and four weeks after the virus injection, that was not evident after the 5th week. AMPT resulted in a sever parkinsonian state, with reduction in the locomotor activity and significant peak of oscillatory activity in cortex and striatum. SCS was effective to alleviate the motor asymmetry at long term, but did not reduce the corticostriatal low frequency oscillations observed 24 hs after the AMPT administration. These oscillations were attenuated by L-dopa that, even as SCS, was not effective to restore the locomotor activity during the severe dopaminergic depletion period. Discussion: The alpha-synuclein model reproduces the motor impairment and the progressive neurodegenerative process of PD. We demonstrated, by the first time, that this model also presents the increase in low frequency oscillatory activity in the corticostriatal circuit, compatible with parkinsonian condition; and that SCS has a therapeutic effect on motor symptom of this model.

A educação como instrumento na construção do imaginário republicano: Grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu (1909-1920)

The purpose of this study is to search the school group Barão de Mipibú/RN, which is located in a city called São José de Mipibú. The aim of this work is to discuss about the use of education as a tool for the formation of the republican imaginary society norte-riograndense. We defined a period from 1909 through 1920. The choice of this work is about how this could be important to the Brazilian History of Education and local, as well as for Cultural History and extends to studies of everyday school life and history of school disciplines. Their achievement was through bibliography search and document analysis. The first was through a review of bibliography on the national and local historiography about the School Groups and productions of the Brazilian Republic. The last one, through the following sources, namely, just the same building of the school group Barão de Mipibú, furniture inventories, class daily, terms of visits of Education Directors and reports of the Directors, book Our History by Rocha Pombo, Educational Legislation, Legislative Congress posts, the decree of creation of School Groups, in particular Barão de Mipibú and the Group Model Augusto Severo, as well as the internal statute and finally, interviews with Alumni of the 50s. The study is inserted in the history of education and as the theoretical to assist in the analysis of sources on the imagination of the study, we looked for support in Jacques Le Goff (1994), Bronislaw Bazcko (1985), Cornelius Castoriadis (1982). At the end of this work it was possible to get the understanding that the Republican government found in the educational Field, one way to spread their ideals and collaboration in building the social Imaginary of the republic, which was constituted in the early twentieth century.

A Experiência como ordenação da realidade: uma estratégia orgânica para a educação científica

Knowledge is understanding. According to the philosopher Gaston Bachelard our immediate contact with the reality is only worth as confusing and provisional data. This phenomenological contact requires inventory and classification. For this reason our first reading on any phenomenon is limited to a basic levels of reality. Elements such as dynamics, functioning or detailed characteristics of what is observed can only be accessed at higher levels of reality, explains the physicist Werner Heisenberg. The ideas woven by these two great intellectuals oxygenates the notion that a well-made thinking does not require only observation and description of the nature, but assigns value and meaning to the knowledge. Based on these ideas and on the cognitive horizon brought by the complexity sciences, this research aims to nurture a reflection on our understanding of the world built from a rational perspective of experience, as an organic sequence of research. This arguments, over the study, describes how the experience is able to oxygenate a well-made thinking, as the concept created by Edgar Morin and expanded by Conceição Almeida. I argue that the experience as a path of investigative research allows one to ventures in the shadows of the unknown to access upper layers of reality. The experience is, therefore, an organic strategy for a well-made thinking - A nutritious mud that oxygenates, regulates, repairs and configures the quality of understanding. As a thread to discuss this ideas I've used my professional journey over a year and a half as a Natural Sciences' teacher on the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, where I could see how experiences helped on breaking a simplified understanding of the world. I chose to work with the research problems developed by 398 students over these three semesters. The problems were essential to the questioning of the phenomena that once seemed obvious or uninteresting, bringing out operational reasons and dynamics of the observed structures. Experience, in this sense, is the founder of dynamic thinking, as the need to deconstruct the phenomena's first impressions, assigning value and meaning to gestated knowledge.

Análise paramétrica da estabilidade de falésias e estudo de caso da Ponta do Pirambu em Tibau do Sul/RN

The coastline from Rio Grande do Norte state is characterized for the presence of dunes and cliffs. The latter consist of slopes with height up to 40 meters and inclinations ranging from 30° to 90° wich horizontal. Thus, this dissertation had as objective the evaluation of the stability of cliff from Ponta do Pirambu in Tibau do Sul/RN, and the realization of a parametric study on the stability of a homogeneous cliff considering as variables the material's cohesion, the cliff height and the slope inclination. The study in Ponta do Pirambu considered yet the possibility of the existence of a colluvial cover with thickness ranging from 0.50 to 5.00 meters. The analyzes were performed by Bishop method, using GEO5 software. In parametric analysis were produced graphics that relate height cliff with the inclination, to safety factors equals to 1.00 and 1.50; besides graphics where it is possible easily get the lowest safety factor as from the cohesion, cliff height and its inclination. It was concluded that these graphs are very useful to preliminary analyzes, for the definition of critical areas in risk mappings in areas of cliffs and for determination of an equation for obtaining the lowest safety factor function of the strength parameters and of slope geometry. Regarding the cliff from Ponta do Pirambu, the results showed that the cliff is subject to superficial landslides located in the points where may there be the presence of colluvium with thicknesses greater than two meters. However, the cliff remains stable presenting the global safety factor equal or superior to 2.50 in the saturated condition.

O emprego do imalt como solução interpretativo-composicional em 3 obras autorais para violão

The task of expression undertaken by the performer falls largely on the right hand of guitarist. Aware of this fact, past and present masters have left their contributions to the development of right hand technique. It is clear, with rare exceptions, that educational and interpretative proposals, so far, have addressed the attack on the strings from the flexion of the fingers. This work, however, presents a technical resource called imalt, including in the attack action, the extension movement. Some techniques used in specific circumstances, such as the dedillo, the alzapúa, the tremulo and the rasgueado also use extension movements in the attack. They are put in perspective with the imalt providing a panoramic view of their individual characteristics. The use of imalt in the traditional guitar repertoire is exemplified in Villa Lobos, Ponce and Brouwer. Three pieces were composed for this work: Shravana, Alegoria and Vandana. Compositional techniques such as melodic contour applying and ostinato have been reviewed and used in the preparation of these compositions. A detailed record of compositional trajectory is presented. Therefore, the Model for the Compositional Process Accompaniment according Silva (2007) is used. Some events that have left the imalt in evidence are reported, as the launch and distribution of the Compact Disc (CD) Imalt, publishing scores and interviews. Finally is presented concluding comments, pointing possibilities opened up by this work.

Imunoexpressão de receptores de calcitonina e corticosteroides em lesões centrais de células gigantes dos ossos maxilares

The aim of this study was to analyze the immunoexpression of calcitonin (CTR) and glucorticoid (GCR) receptors in aggressive and non-aggressive central giant cell lesions (CGCL). This is an immunohistochemistry study (immunoperoxidase technique) of 52 cases of CGCL of the jaws, in which 12 patients were treated with intralesional triamcinolone injections and one with calcitonin nasal spray. The mean of immunostaining was compared between the cell types and clinical subtype of the lesion. The correlations among means were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Of the 52 cases studied, 53.8% were females, with a mean of 25.69 years. Most lesions were located in the mandible. Thirty patients (57.7%) had aggressive lesions and 22 (42.3%) of the cases consisted of non-aggressive lesions. Surgery was the treatment of choice in 75% of the cases. In 56.7% of the aggressive CGCL surgery was performed, while 43.4% of patients were submitted to conservative treatment. Among cases submitted to conservative treatment, the majority (n = 8; 61.5%) responded well to treatment. CTR expression was observed in 67.3% and GCR in 96.15% of cases. There was no significant statistical difference between the expression of CTRs and GCRs in mononuclear and multinucleated CGCLscells, regarding aggressiveness, treatment performed for aggressive lesions and the response to conservative treatment (p>0.05). The results of our research suggest that the immunoreactivity of CTRs and GCRs did not influence the response to clinical treatment with calcitonin or triamcinolone in the sample studied and it exhibited a varied expression regardless of the aggressiveness of the lesion.

Imunoexpressão de receptores de calcitonina e corticosteroides em lesões centrais de células gigantes dos ossos maxilares

The aim of this study was to analyze the immunoexpression of calcitonin (CTR) and glucorticoid (GCR) receptors in aggressive and non-aggressive central giant cell lesions (CGCL). This is an immunohistochemistry study (immunoperoxidase technique) of 52 cases of CGCL of the jaws, in which 12 patients were treated with intralesional triamcinolone injections and one with calcitonin nasal spray. The mean of immunostaining was compared between the cell types and clinical subtype of the lesion. The correlations among means were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Of the 52 cases studied, 53.8% were females, with a mean of 25.69 years. Most lesions were located in the mandible. Thirty patients (57.7%) had aggressive lesions and 22 (42.3%) of the cases consisted of non-aggressive lesions. Surgery was the treatment of choice in 75% of the cases. In 56.7% of the aggressive CGCL surgery was performed, while 43.4% of patients were submitted to conservative treatment. Among cases submitted to conservative treatment, the majority (n = 8; 61.5%) responded well to treatment. CTR expression was observed in 67.3% and GCR in 96.15% of cases. There was no significant statistical difference between the expression of CTRs and GCRs in mononuclear and multinucleated CGCLscells, regarding aggressiveness, treatment performed for aggressive lesions and the response to conservative treatment (p>0.05). The results of our research suggest that the immunoreactivity of CTRs and GCRs did not influence the response to clinical treatment with calcitonin or triamcinolone in the sample studied and it exhibited a varied expression regardless of the aggressiveness of the lesion.

Estudo imunoistoquímico do CD34 e podoplanina na doença periodontal

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are changes that occur due to gingival inflammation caused by microorganisms present in the biofilm, as well as the migration of immune cells and secretion of mediators in the aggressed site. This study aimed to research angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in 90 specimens of clinically healthy, with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis gingival tissue biopsies. The histological sections were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and the immunohistochemical technique through immunostaining for CD34 and podoplanin. To evaluate the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic indexes we performed a microvessel counting technique. The results showed that there is a correlation between the indexes (p = 0.030), however, we observed that periodontitis showed less lymphatic vessels than clinically healthy gingival tissue (p = 0.016). Podoplanin showed positive staining in the basal layers of the epithelium, and we observed a relationship between immunostaining intensity and the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate, with more intense staining in the presence of severe inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.033). For this study, we concluded that there are fewer blood vessels in periodontitis compared with clinically healthy gingiva. The signaling present in the inflammatory process and the actual role of gingival blood and lymphatic vasculature are not fully understood, with further studies on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis being suggested.

Estudo imunoistoquímico do CD34 e podoplanina na doença periodontal

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are changes that occur due to gingival inflammation caused by microorganisms present in the biofilm, as well as the migration of immune cells and secretion of mediators in the aggressed site. This study aimed to research angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in 90 specimens of clinically healthy, with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis gingival tissue biopsies. The histological sections were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and the immunohistochemical technique through immunostaining for CD34 and podoplanin. To evaluate the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic indexes we performed a microvessel counting technique. The results showed that there is a correlation between the indexes (p = 0.030), however, we observed that periodontitis showed less lymphatic vessels than clinically healthy gingival tissue (p = 0.016). Podoplanin showed positive staining in the basal layers of the epithelium, and we observed a relationship between immunostaining intensity and the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate, with more intense staining in the presence of severe inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.033). For this study, we concluded that there are fewer blood vessels in periodontitis compared with clinically healthy gingiva. The signaling present in the inflammatory process and the actual role of gingival blood and lymphatic vasculature are not fully understood, with further studies on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis being suggested.

Configurando a cidade contemporânea em Natal : os processos espaciais em Ponta Negra

This dissertation is about the spatial configuration in Natal and processes in the Ponta Negra neighborhood today. Ponta Negra has undergone a number of critical social and spatial changes due to tourism development after the 1990s. It is of special interest to consider the intensification of real estate investment after 2000, when the new airport terminal, located in the neighboring municipality of Parnamirim, was in use. Ponta Negra is the place where most tourists go to, so attracting considerable public investments. New agents of transformation have produced change in the neighborhood as well. The present study aims at analysing the spatial processes in this part of the city. Here, the spatial configuration that resulted from extended real estate investments, both public and private, in recent years, is analysed in detail. The study identifies the multually differentiated, however internally homogenous areas. The concepts of production of space, contemporanean urban development and spatial dynamics are discussed. The research is based on document analysis and field work. Results were plotted to maps and tables. A detailed analysis of the spatial processes in the Ponta Negra neighborhood is undertaken as a conclusion, considering the contemporanean global scenario

Caminhos que estruturam cidades: redes técnicas de transporte sobre trilhos e a conformação intra-urbana de Natal

The railroad, from 1870 and on, becomes an usual complaining in the press s and politician elite s speeches, especially because of Natal s geographic isolation. The implantation of two railroads in the capital territory Estrada de Ferro de Natal a Nova Cruz, afterwards part of Great Western Railway Company network, and Estrada de Ferro Central do Rio Grande do Norte had serious implications in the urban environment. While railroad s structures were already consolidated, other transportation mechanisms were being implanted in the first decades of the 20th century, such as trams lines, which, by the way, was a transport modal that also used rails as a dislocation meaning. Considering these questions, we may ask: how come railroads and tramways demands, roads and buildings had influenced the internal organization of Natal? We work with the general hypothesis that the influence of technical networks, composed by tramways and railroads, over Natal s urban space happened in a diversified way, sometimes consolidating social aspects in certain areas, sometimes improving the occupation of others. The impact over the city s territory also happens in a diversified way between the buildings/railroad s complexes and the pathways. The different scale of the train in comparison to the trams velocity, size, noise level, flow, among others is also a cause to the different consequences in urban environment. The main objective of this work is to understand the role of circulation technical networks in the construction process of urban space in Natal, as a way to contribute to the urban historiography about the subject. The time frame adopted, between 1881 and 1937, marks the time path of railroads and tramways in Rio Grande do Norte: 1881 is the year of railroad s first section inauguration from Natal to São José do Mipibu as well of the railroad complex in the Republic Square in Natal; the year of 1937 marks the beginning of tramways declination process in the city. At this time railroads and tramways had to face more intensively the competition of motor vehicles. The theory reference adopted is based on concepts and analysis of authors, such as Flávio Villaça and Roberto Lobato Corrêa references to the concepts of urban structure , localization and accessibility and Gabriel Dupuy to explain the concept of urban technical networks . These references reveal the conflict of different realities in the urban universe interests and values which is an important factor about the construction of urban space. The information sources used were from two distinctive natures: primary, journals of the time studied and official government reports, and secondary, based on other works about the subject. It was also used by this study iconographic source, especially images from the data base of the research group História da Cidade, do Território e do Urbanismo .

A contribuição de técnicas modernas de reabilitação estrutural para autenticidade e integridade de edificações patrimoniais

This work discusses the study of the application of structural reinforcement and rehabilitation using modern techniques for interventions in repair works of historical buildings as well as the verification of the behavior of works that have already undergone different structural intervention techniques, with the objective of obtaining data to allow a comparative analysis of the advantages/disadvantages of techniques adapted in each case, regarding the interferences related the authenticity and integrity of the buildings belong to the constructed patrimony so as to obtain a basis for the theoretical foundation for choosing the best solution to be adopted in the case study which consists in an intervention of structural rehabilitation of the old historic building in the primary school "Augusto Severo"