Modalização autonímica: um estudo de utilização e apropriação do discurso sobre os conceitos de variação e de mudança na escrita de dissertação de mestrado de 1970 - 2011

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

O Macrogênero drama Norte-Riograndense: uma análise de gênero e de discurso sob a perspectiva da linguística sistêmico-funcional

The focus of this qualiquantitative research is the phenomenon we are denominating Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte, which contemplates short verse texts from the oral tradition, sung and presented on stage by women in communities on the south coast of the northeastern Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Norte. This tradition harkens to the medieval romance of the Iberian Peninsula (CASCUDO, 2001; GURGEL, 1999; GALVÃO, 1993; MAGALHÃES, 1973; ROMERO,1977). The objective of this research is to: identify what characterizes the genre Drama of Rio Grande do Norte; situate this genre within a systemization of genres from the oral tradition in Rio Grande do Norte; investigate the interpersonal relationships of power and solidarity through the role of the women in the discourse, how they see themselves and others, pointing out which elements of the world they evaluate and to identify representations of the feminine in the discourse. The theory of Genre and Register of Martin and Rose (2008) and Generic Structure Potential of Hasan (1989, 1996), which has as a base the Systemic Functional Linguistics of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994) among others, offers a theoretical framework for the characterization of the genre through the identification of stages and phases configuring its typology the individual schematic structure and its topology its relation to other phenomena in the oral tradition. Other groupings were mapped of the ‗Macrogenre , from the model of Martin and Rose (2008) as a continuum on two axis: between the poles of how the genre circulates orally x in writing, and recited/individually x staged/collectively; as well as mapping the samples with relation to power using the same model, but with the poles of individual voice x collective voice on an axis between increased power and diminished power. Eleven texts described as Narratives and one Anecdote were selected for the analysis of Attitudes, and Negotiations of power. Through the quantification of semantic discursive resources in the discourse systems of Appraisal (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) and of Negotiation (MARTIN; ROSE, 2007), as well as reflections about humor (EGGINS; SLADE, 1997) we identified the Attitudes and the Negotiations of interpersonal roles. The quantification is based on the theories of Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2010), using WordSmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT, 2010). Our results show that the Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte is characterized as a Macrogenre in the Community of Oral Stories, in the Family of Street Theatre/Games, composed of five genre types: Narratives, Praise, Complaints, Anecdotes, and Exemplum. The Macrogenre is characterized by its being circulated orally, staged collectively and the texts analyzed configure in differing degrees of power between men and woman. In synthesis we observe that through humor, the Drama-of-Rio-Grande-do-Norte functions to offer a space for women to voice, comment, judge and orient about social conditions in their communities, such as alcoholism, domestic violence, inequalities before the law etc., as well as circulating positive appreciations of rural/coastal culture and judgments about the behavior of members of the speech community, the role of women being to establish and reinforce norms. We anticipate possible benefits of the addition of the genre analyzed in literacy projects in the schools of Rio Grande do Norte

Forró eletrônico: uma análise sobre a representação da figura feminina

Entendiendo la música como una manifestación social, capaz de representar el tiempo y la cultura, junto con sus usos y costumbres, dirigimos nuestra mirada en la figura femenina presente en el género forró electrónico. A través de la lectura de los dos géneros musical y femenino buscamos identificar los discursos, presentes en las composiciones, que se refieren a lo femenino con temática y/o términos que se refieren a las mujeres. El estudio se centra en las composiciones en el período 2009 a 2010 y que se convirtieron en éxitos, es decir, aquellos que han alcanzado el mayor número de oyentes de Radio 96 FM a través del programa Paradão 96, transmitido diariamente en la ciudad de Natal/RN. Basado en conceptos tales como industria cultural, cultura de masas, folkcomunicación y género, se analizan los procesos de producción de sentido como resultado del uso de la figura femenina y con mayor precisión, sobre la representación de las mujeres a través de discursos del forró electrónico. Elegimos el enfoque descriptivo cualitativo y análisis del discurso como una técnica para identificarlos términos que se refieren a las mujeres, reflexionando sobre los posibles significados que se encuentran en estos discursos. Se señala que en nuestra investigación no predominó una figura femenina convertida en un objeto sexual, erótico y sumisa, atributos dados para las mujeres, en los discursos de forró electrónico. Con variaciones en las temáticas algunas juguetones y otras acerca de la traición de la mujer identificamos que, para sorpresa de muchos, incluidos nosotros, el amor romántico fue el que llevó las solicitudes de audiencia durante nuestro período de tiempo y que la figura femenina tiene varias facetas dentro del forró electrónico

Deus, mente e mundo: sobre os conceitos de complicatio, imago e explicatio a partir do diálogo de mente de nicolau de cusa

This work deals with the way how the three themes of traditional metaphysics, namely, God, man, and the world, are rethought through the philosophical speculation of German cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464). Due to the comprehensiveness of this subject, our dissertation had as a starting point and constant reference the book that the philosopher wrote in 1450, Idiota. De mente, the second written work that makes up the series of the Idiota (Idiotae libri), whose discussion is developed around the theme of the human mind. From the dialogue of the mind we have built our reflection on some issues and theoretical foundations presented in Idiota. De sapientia and De docta ignorantia, extending it to little more than that. According to Nicholas of Cusa, the human mind, in its creative character in the image of the divine mind, transcends the purely functional considerations commonly assigned to it, that is, those that regard its cognitive nature and epistemological role. In addition to these aspects, Cusanus understands the humana mens as a point of articulation of two other main themes of his metaphysics: God and the world. In this context, through the concepts of complicatioexplicatio and imago, as well as with the intercession between the themes of man as imago Dei and the reason of the microcosm, we present here an introduction to Cusan metaphysics

Conceitos e técnicas da mecânica estatística e termodinâmica aplicados ao estudo dos grafos aleatórios

This dissertation briefly presents the random graphs and the main quantities calculated from them. At the same time, basic thermodynamics quantities such as energy and temperature are associated with some of their characteristics. Approaches commonly used in Statistical Mechanics are employed and rules that describe a time evolution for the graphs are proposed in order to study their ergodicity and a possible thermal equilibrium between them

A participação feminina no movimento estudantil secundarista como espaço de luta política (anos de 1980)

The history of women has been an important thematic in the field of Historiography in recent years. Many History scholars have discussed thematics related to genre, pointing out their relationship and conflicts. These new thematics are also the result of a series of changing in history that bring out new problems, subjects and approaches. Our aim in this work is to analise the experience of women militants inserted into the student secondarist movement (ME) in Rio Grande do Norte in the years of 1980 s. Discussing the concepts of History and Spaces, we try to analise the political spaces of ME through public and private spaces that make part of the student militant life, pointing out the conflicts faced during their standing into the movement. To a better understanding of the ME political overview, we set a summary to point out the reconstruction of the student entities reorganized after the military governments, as well as we picture a general picture of this women s insertion in history. We use the oral source as the main methodological resource to the development of our work

Eficácia do bochecho de quitosana a 0,4% sobre o biofilme e bactérias orais

The purpose of this study was evaluate the effectiveness of the chitosan at 0.4 with high molecular weight and high deacetylation degree mouthrinse over the total decrease of the streptococci, Streptococcus mutans, lactobaci/li and over the perceptible bacterial film and gingival bleeding indices. For that, a total of 68 healthy students between 11 and 13 years old, not allergic to crustacean and not users of antibiotics or antimicrobial agent for the last three months or during the treatment, was selected. From those, thirty two individuaIs used the mouthrinse test, and thirty six, the control one. The participants rinsed 10 mL of the solutions twice a day, one during the moming (which was supervised), and another one during the aftemoon (which was not supervised), for fifteen days. The saliva collect for the microbiological analysis, as well as the perceptible bacterial film and gingival bleeding indices check, were made before the use ofthe mouthrinses (base line), immediately after the last mouthrinse on the day (zero time) and fifteen days after (fifteen time). These data were collected at school and the saliva was carried inside the ice to the laboratory. The samples were diluted, and 0.1 mL ofthe 10 -1 dilution was seeded in Rogosa SL agar, for further analysis of the total of lactobaci/lus~ 0.1 mL of the 10-4 dilution in Mitis Salivarius with bacitracin, for S. mutans analysis; and 0.1 mL of the 10-6 dilution in Mitis Salivarius for the analysis ofthe total of streptococcus. The Rogosa SL agar plates were incubated in aerobic at 37°C for 72 hours and the MSB and the MS were incubated in anaerobic in Gaspak@ jars at 37°C for 48 hours for further count ofColonies Former Units (CFUs). The assay was made in duplicate for each bacterial group analyzed. The number of CFUs transformed in LOGlO was analyzed according to the following tests: ANOV A, t of Paired and Not Paired Student, Friedman, Man-Whitney and square-qui test. On the base line, alI the variables analyzed were similar on both tested groups. On both groups, for the total of streptococcus there was no significant difference along the time and for S. mutans there was a statistic significant increase of the CFUs from the base line to the zero time. For the total of lactobaccilus there was no significant difference on the test group along the time, and on the control there was a significant increase ofthe CFUs ITom the base line to the zero time. For both groups, there was significant decrease ofthe perceptible bacterial film index along the time, and that can be explained by the mechanic effect of the mouthrinse over the bacterial film and by the participation of the students on the research which could have motivated him to a better toothbrushing (Hawthome effect). The gingival bleeding index also showed a decrease along the time, even though it was not significant. Therefore, the conclusion of this study was that the chitosan at 0.4 % mouthrinse was not effective on the CFUs reduction of the three bacterial groups analyzed, as well as on the reduction of the perceptible bacterial film and gingival bleeding indices

Efeito in vitro da terapia fotodinâmica sobre bactérias orais em suspensão e na formação de biofilme : ensaio com azul de metileno e toluidina ativados por luz halógena

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for the treatment of biofilm-dependent oral diseases like dental caries. This therapy consists of simultaneous action of a visible light (L) and a photosensitizer (FS) in the presence of oxygen, which leads to production of different reactive oxygen species that can interact with the bacterial cell components, and promote cell death. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial action of PDT on oral bacteria in suspension, as well as the formation of mono and multi-species biofilms, in vitro, from a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and saliva samples, respectively. The dye methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) were used at a concentration of 100 mg/ L and activated by halogen light (600 to 750 nm) from a modified hand held photopolymerizer (Ultralux ®, Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo, Brazil.). Planktonic cultures were prepared and submitted to different experimental conditions: 1. PDT using TB 2. PDT using MB, 3. L+ FS- , 4. TB + L - ; 5. MB+ L-; 6. L- FS- (negative control) and 7. administration of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (positive control) (Periogard ®, Colgate-Palmolive Company, New York, USA). The immediate and mediated action of PDT on bacterial suspensions, as well as its effect on biofilm formation were observed from the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and measures optical density (OD). The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for the significance level of 5%. According to the results, the PDT showed no antibacterial action on suspensions of S. mutans, regardless of the dye used. PDT with MB activated by halogen light was able to reduce 86.6% CFU/mL multi-species planktonic cultures, however, this reduction was not significant (p > 0.05). PDT showed antibacterial effect, mediate on multi-species planktonic cultures with TB (p < 0.001) and MB (p < 0.001), activated by halogen light. PDT was able to prevent the formation of multispecies biofilm, through the activation of TB by halogen light (p = 0.01). We conclude that activation of the dye toluidine blue and methylene blue, by halogen light (PDT) showed antimicrobial activity, compared to multi-species planktonic cultures prepared from saliva samples

Análise quantitativa das células CD4 e sua importância no diagnóstico de lesões orais em pacientes HIV positivos

The oral manifestations due to HIV infection are, a lot of times, the first clinical signs of the disease. These injuries may also function as beepers and sentries of the curse and progression of the HIV infection and AIDS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of the oral injuries in HIV positive patients, relating them with the CD4+ cells counting and the viral load in patients from the Hospital of Infected contagious Gizelda Trigueiro in Natal-RN. One hundred and one patients were evaluated, where after the clinical exam of the oral cavity, these ones were conducted to the peripheral blood collection for the counting of CD4+ lymphocytes. We observed a prevalence of 25,6%, that is, 31 cases. The Oral Candidiasis was the most commum injure, followed by Oral Hairy Leukoplakia, linear gingival erytema, lips herpes, gingivitis and periodontitis - HIV. The average counting of cells CD4+ of the injury carrying patients was of 250 cells/mm3. We did not observe relation between the presence of injuries and the viral load of the individuals

Expressão imuno-histoquímica dos marcadores angiogênicos CD105 (endoglina) e CD34 em hemangiomas e granulomas piogênicos orais

Angiogenesis, a fundamental mechanism in tumor development, is used for differential diagnosis and prognosis purposes in various neoplasias of the head and neck. This study proposes to assess angiogenic activity using immunohistochemical expression by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 antibodies in 20 cases of hemangiomas and 20 cases of oral pyogenic granulomas, in addition to determining the usefulness of these markers as one of the differential diagnosis resources for these two oral lesions. The results showed no statistically significant difference between microvascular count (MVC) means determined by anti-CD105 (p = 0.803) and anti-CD34 (p = 0.279) antibodies. The mean number of vessels obtained by MVC in the oral hemangiomas immunostained by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 was 18.75 and 59.72, respectively, whereas in the oral pyogenic granulomas, the mean number was 20.22 and 48.09 respectively. It was also shown that CD34 was more effective than CD105 in identifying blood vessels. However, it must be pointed out that the anti-CD105 antibody seems to be more related to vascular neoformation. Overall, this assay reinforces the role of angiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hemangiomas and oral pyogenic granulomas, but the results showed that angiogenesis quantification cannot be used as a differential diagnosis parameter between the two lesions analyzed

Avaliação de alterações orais em pacientes submetidos a transplante de medula óssea

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently the best therapeutic option for patients with hematologic diseases, solid tumors or autoimmune disorders. It is characterized by intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in order to restore marrow function. However, this procedure requires concomitant immunosuppression treatment, which favors the development of certain complications, often manifested in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of oral changes in patients undergoing BMT and to correlate these results with clinical aspects related to the patients and the transplants performed. This is a prevalence study, with cross-sectional design, carried out in a BMT service at the Institute of Onco-Hematology of Natal (ION) and Natal Hospital Center. Data collection was based on questionnaires, clinical examination of the oral cavity and consultation in the medical records. The sample consisted of 51 patients undergoing BMT. After the analysis, was found a general status with good health conditions and presence of oral changes in about half of patients who composed the sample. The manifestations observed were, in decreasing order of frequency: mucositis; gingival alteration and thrombocytopenic purpura; mucosal pigmentation; lichenoid reaction and candidiasis. The oral changes were observed more frequently in cases of allogeneic TMO, in different periods post-transplant, without significant differences related to the source of cells. It was found statistically significant association between the presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and oral changes (p < 0,001). Therefore, it is concluded that there is a relatively high incidence of changes in oral cavity of patients receiving bone marrow transplantation, a fact which confirms the need to consider this site for examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of possible complications of BMT

Expressão imunoistoquímica de Glut-1 e marcadores de proliferação e apoptose em anomalias vasculares orais

Vascular anomalies constitute a distinct group of lesions, but they may present similar clinical and histopatological characteristics, which can lead to diagnostic mistakes. This study aimed by histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of human glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), correctly identify and classify oral vascular anomalies, besides analyzing the immunoexpression of markers proliferation and apoptosis (Ki-67 and Bcl-2). All cases diagnosed as "oral hemangiomas" belonging to the archives of the Service of Pathological Anatomy from the subject of Oral Pathology of the Department of Dentistry (DOD), of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) were reviewed, totalizing 77 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis for GLUT-1 showed that only 26 (33.8%) of the specimens were true infantile hemangiomas (IHs). The 51 (66.2%%) GLUT-1 negative specimens were then reclassified as pyogenic granulomas (PGs) and vascular malformations (VMs) from their histopathologic characteristics,totalizing 26 (33.8%) cases of IHs, 20 (26.0%) of PGs and 31 (40.2) cases of oral VMs. The cases analyzed by the marker Ki-67 showed different median IH (13,85), PG (33,70) and VM (4.55) with statistically significant differences between them (p <0.001). In relation to the protein Bcl-2, the groups also showed different median of the established scores IH (1.00), PG (1.50), VMs (0.0) demonstrating statistically significant differences between them (p<0,001). No statistically significant correlation between the indexes of positivity for Ki-67 and the scores of immunoexpression of Bcl-2 were observed in any group. Thus, we can conclude that it is necessary a careful and parameterized review of cases of vascular anomalies making use of auxiliary tools such as GLUT-1, since the histopathological findings alone, sometimes, are not sufficient to differentiate some anomalies. Furthermore, analysis of the expressions of markers involved in the levels of proliferation of lesions is important for a better understanding of its biological behavior aspect

Expressão imuno-histoquímica do cd8, foxp3, Tgf β, tnf α e nf-кb em displasias epiteliais e Carcinomas epidermóides orais

The Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED) is the lesion that precedes or co-exists with the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), presenting molecular and/or histological similar alterations. The divergences about the malignization potential of OEDs and the role of inflammation in this process make hard the early diagnosis and evaluation of OSCCs aggressiveness. Thus, it became the goal of this study to evaluate the role of inflammation in oral carcinogenesis and tumoral aggressiveness. For this purpose a morphological study was performed in 20 OED cases and 40 OSCC cases to detect the malignization potential of OEDs and the histologic malignancy grading (HMG) of OSCCs, analyzing superficial masses for dismorphism evaluation and the invasive front for evaluation of tumoral growing; and immunohistochemical, using anti-CD8, anti-FOXP3, anti-TGFβ, anti-TNFα and anti-NF-кB antibodies, comparing their with the types lesion, histological degree and intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. The results were statistically significant for the parameters: cell maturity (p=0,0001), masses presence (p=0,038) and dismorphism (p=0,037), when associated to HMG. To compare the expression of the markers with the types lesion, a significantly higher expression of CD8 (p=0,001) and NF-кB (p=0,002) in the OED, and also a smaller expression of the epithelial TGFβ in the severe OEDs (p=0,011), without significant expression between OSCC degrees. By relating the expression of the studied markers with the inflammatory infiltrate intensity, a positive relation was observed with: inflammatory TNFα(p=0,003), epithelial TNFα and NF-кB (p=0,051 and p=0,004), in OEDs; and with CD8 (p=0,021) and TNFα (p=0,015) in conjunctive OSCCs; and a negative relation with epithelial TNFα (p=0,034) in OSCCs. No significant relation was found between FOXP3 with any of the studied variables. These findings lead to the conclusion that, the study of the invasive front is as important as the study of superficial masses for the evaluation of tumoral aggressiveness; the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate has no use as a parameter for prognostic evaluation of OSCC in routine exams, but, the molecular events detected in this study may be necessary to give basis for determining the malignant potential in OEDs and aggressiveness in OSCCs

Avaliacao de polimorfismos nos genes XPD e XRCC3 em carcinomas orais de celulas escamosas

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite recent advances in treatment. There are several studies aiming to find markers that may improve the assessment of this disease prognosis. Studies about genetic polymorphisms have gained prominence due to their influence on individual susceptibility to cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequency of polymorphisms XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and clinicopathological features of OSCC cases, including age, sex, presence or absence of metastases, and histological grading of malignancy according to Bryne (1998). Sample consisted of 54 cases of OSCC and 40 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). OSCC cases were classified as low or high grade. DNA samples were previously extracted from paraffin blocks. Genotypes for each case were determined through PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism). Results were analyzed by Fisher s exact test and Chi-square test and the odds ratio was calculated considering p < 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. For XPD, Lys/Gln genotype was more common in IFHs (n=28; 70%) than in OSCCs (n=24; 44.4%) (OR: 0.3; p<0.05). Frequency of Gln allele was higher in high-grade lesions when compared to low grade lesions (0.48 and 0.21, respectively) (OR: 3.4; p<0.05). For XRCC3, Met allele was more common in OSCC than in IFH (0.49 and 0.35, respectively) (OR: 2.6; p<0.05). Met/Met genotype was associated with presence of metastases (OR: 8.1; p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the genotypes and the age or sex of patients. In the present sample, the higher frequency of XPD Gln allele in IFH reveals a possible protective role of this variant against the development of OSCC. However, its association with high-grade lesions indicates that this allele could influence the tumor progression after the neoplasia development. The presence of XRCC3 Met allele, in turn, seems to contribute to the development of OSCC and metastases

Método e sociologia em Weber: alguns conceitos fundamentais

Os parâmetros de análise social fornecidos pelos fundamentos da obra weberiana apontam algumas determinações necessárias à análise de fenômenos sociais. Defendendo uma sociologia capaz de compreender os sentidos e conexões presentes nas ações sociais, Weber propõe uma concepção específica de método e de objeto na sociologia, que se assenta na explicação de ações sociais individuais, sob condições determinadas, e busca, ao mesmo tempo, explicitar as significações das instituições sociais, nas quais os indivíduos agem, como resultantes também da ação humana. A partir de tais idéias, o breve ensaio ora apresentado, propõe-se a debater alguns elementos trabalhados nos conceitos weberianos de método e sociologia