ISE-SPL: Uma abordagem baseada em linha de produtos de software aplicada à geração automática de sistemas para educação médica na plataforma E-learning

E-learning, which refers to the use of Internet-related technologies to improve knowledge and learning, has emerged as a complementary form of education, bringing advantages such as increased accessibility to information, personalized learning, democratization of education and ease of update, distribution and standardization of the content. In this sense, this paper aims to develop a tool, named ISE-SPL, whose purpose is the automatic generation of E-learning systems for medical education, making use of concepts of Software Product Lines. It consists of an innovative methodology for medical education that aims to assist professors of healthcare in their teaching through the use of educational technologies, all based on computing applied to healthcare (Informatics in Health). The tests performed to validate the ISE-SPL were divided into two stages: the first was made by using a software analysis tool similar to ISE-SPL, called SPLOT and the second was performed through usability questionnaires to healthcare professors who used ISESPL. Both tests showed positive results, proving it to be an efficient tool for generation of E-learning software and useful for professors in healthcare

Antenas planares integradas com FSSs para aplicações em sistemas de comunicações sem fio

This work presents a theoretical and experimental analysis about the properties of microstrip antennas with integrated frequency selective surfaces (Frequency Selective Surface - FSS). The integration occurs through the insertion of the FSS on ground plane of microstrip patch antenna. This integration aims to improve some characteristics of the antennas. The FSS using patch-type elements in square unit cells. Specifically, the simulated results are obtained using the commercial computer program CST Studio Suite® version 2011. From a standard antenna, designed to operate in wireless communication systems of IEEE 802.11 a / b / g / n the dimensions of the FSS are varied to obtain an optimization of some antenna parameters such as impedance matching and selectivity in the operating bands. After optimization of the investigated parameters are built two prototypes of microstrip patch antennas with and without the FSS ground plane. Comparisons are made of the results with the experimental results by 14 ZVB network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz ®. The comparison aims to validate the simulations performed and show the improvements obtained with the FSS in integrated ground plane antenna. In the construction of prototypes, we used dielectric substrates of the type of Rogers Corporation RT-3060 with relative permittivity equal to 10.2 and low loss tangent. Suggestions for continued work are presented

Uma arquitetura para sistemas supervisórios industriais e sua aplicação em processos de elevação artificial de petróleo

The using of supervision systems has become more and more essential in accessing, managing and obtaining data of industrial processes, because of constant and frequent developments in industrial automation. These supervisory systems (SCADA) have been widely used in many industrial environments to store process data and to control the processes in accordance with some adopted strategy. The SCADA s control hardware is the set of equipments that execute this work. The SCADA s supervision software accesses process data through the control hardware and shows them to the users. Currently, many industrial systems adopt supervision softwares developed by the same manufacturer of the control hardware. Usually, these softwares cannot be used with other equipments made by distinct manufacturers. This work proposes an approach for developing supervisory systems able to access process information through different control hardwares. An architecture for supervisory systems is first defined, in order to guarantee efficiency in communication and data exchange. Then, the architecture is applied in a supervisory system to monitor oil wells that use distinct control hardwares. The implementation was modeled and verified by using the formal method of the Petri networks. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution

Controle Robusto Aplicado a Conversor Buck-Boost em Sistemas Fotovoltaicos

The need to implement a software architecture that promotes the development of a SCADA supervisory system for monitoring industrial processes simulated with the flexibility of adding intelligent modules and devices such as CLP, according to the specifications of the problem, it was the motivation for this work. In the present study, we developed an intelligent supervisory system on a simulation of a distillation column modeled with Unisim. Furthermore, OLE Automation was used as communication between the supervisory and simulation software, which, with the use of the database, promoted an architecture both scalable and easy to maintain. Moreover, intelligent modules have been developed for preprocessing, data characteristics extraction, and variables inference. These modules were fundamentally based on the Encog software

Dimensionamento de sistemas de aterramento em linhas de transmissão para escoamento eficiente de correntes de surtos atmosféricos

This work presents in a simulated environment, to analyze the length of cable needed counterweight connected to ground rod, able to avoid the phenomenon of flashover return, back flashover, the insulator chains of transmission lines consisting of concrete structures when they are subjected to lightning standardized regarding certain resistivity values of some kinds of soil and geometric arrangements of disposal of grounding systems structures

Estimação de Fasores para Proteção de Sistemas Elétricos Baseada em Mínimos Quadrados e Morfologia Matemática

This work proposes a new technique for phasor estimation applied in microprocessor numerical relays for distance protection of transmission lines, based on the recursive least squares method and called least squares modified random walking. The phasor estimation methods have compromised their performance, mainly due to the DC exponential decaying component present in fault currents. In order to reduce the influence of the DC component, a Morphological Filter (FM) was added to the method of least squares and previously applied to the process of phasor estimation. The presented method is implemented in MATLABr and its performance is compared to one-cycle Fourier technique and conventional phasor estimation, which was also based on least squares algorithm. The methods based on least squares technique used for comparison with the proposed method were: forgetting factor recursive, covariance resetting and random walking. The techniques performance analysis were carried out by means of signals synthetic and signals provided of simulations on the Alternative Transient Program (ATP). When compared to other phasor estimation methods, the proposed method showed satisfactory results, when it comes to the estimation speed, the steady state oscillation and the overshoot. Then, the presented method performance was analyzed by means of variations in the fault parameters (resistance, distance, angle of incidence and type of fault). Through this study, the results did not showed significant variations in method performance. Besides, the apparent impedance trajectory and estimated distance of the fault were analysed, and the presented method showed better results in comparison to one-cycle Fourier algorithm

Uso de funções de alívio para estimar o efeito de chaveamentos corretivos na eliminação de congestionamentos em sistemas de potência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Contribuições ao método de rastreamento de máxima potência para sistemas fotovoltaicos

The scarcity of natural resources and the search for alternative energy sources promote a rapid change in the energy world. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most promising, presenting technology of greatest growth rate nowadays. Researchers around the world are seeking ways to facilitate their progress, developing technologies with higher efficiency and lower cost. As a contribution to global progress, this master thesis proposes the development of a strategy of maximum power tracking based on perturbation and observation method for photovoltaic systems. The proposed control strategy is based on active power balance of the system, with a reduced number of sensors. It also allows the PV system to act as a regulator of the power quality at the point of commom coupling (PCC), compensating the harmonic distortion and power factor of the current netw

Estratégia de controle robusto para interconexão de sistemas PV trifásicos à rede elétrica

Atualmente há uma grande preocupação em relação a substituição das fontes não renováveis pelas fontes renováveis na geração de energia elétrica. Isto ocorre devido a limitação do modelo tradicional e da crescente demanda. Com o desenvolvimento dos conversores de potência e a eficácia dos esquemas de controle, as fontes renováveis têm sido interligadas na rede elétrica, em um modelo de geração distribuída. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma estratégia de controle não convencional, com a utilização de um controlador robusto, para a interconexão de sistemas fotovoltaicos com à rede elétrica trifásica. A compensação da qualidade de energia no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) é realizada pela estratégia proposta. As técnicas tradicionais utilizam detecção de harmônicos, já neste trabalho o controle das correntes é feita de uma forma indireta sem a necessidade desta detecção. Na estratégia indireta é de grande importância que o controle da tensão do barramento CC seja efetuado de uma forma que não haja grandes flutuações, e que a banda passante do controlador em regime permanente seja baixa para que as correntes da rede não tenham um alto THD. Por este motivo é utilizado um controlador em modo dual DSM-PI, que durante o transitório se comporta como um controlador em modo deslizante SM-PI, e em regime se comporta como um PI convencional. A corrente é alinhada ao ângulo de fase do vetor tensão da rede elétrica, obtido a partir do uso de um PLL. Esta aproximação permite regular o fluxo de potência ativa, juntamente com a compensação dos harmônicos e também promover a correção do fator de potência no ponto de acoplamento comum. Para o controle das correntes é usado um controlador dupla sequencia, que utiliza o princípio do modelo interno. Resultados de simulação são apresentados para demonstrar a eficácia do sistema de controle proposto

Equalização neural aplicada a sistemas com modulação bidimensional em fibra óptica

Nowadays, optic fiber is one of the most used communication methods, mainly due to the fact that the data transmission rates of those systems exceed all of the other means of digital communication. Despite the great advantage, there are problems that prevent full utilization of the optical channel: by increasing the transmission speed and the distances involved, the data is subjected to non-linear inter symbolic interference caused by the dispersion phenomena in the fiber. Adaptive equalizers can be used to solve this problem, they compensate non-ideal responses of the channel in order to restore the signal that was transmitted. This work proposes an equalizer based on artificial neural networks and evaluates its performance in optical communication systems. The proposal is validated through a simulated optic channel and the comparison with other adaptive equalization techniques

Estratégia de conversor para interligação de sistemas de geração eólica à rede elétrica

Currently, there are several power converter topologies applied to wind power generation. The converters allow the use of wind turbines operating at variable speed, enabling better use of wind forces. The high performance of the converters is being increasingly demanded, mainly because of the increase in the power generation capacity by wind turbines, which gave rise to various converter topologies, such as parallel or multilevel converters. The use of converters allow effective control of the power injected into the grid, either partially, for the case using partial converter, or total control for the case of using full converter. The back-to-back converter is one of the most used topologies in the market today, due to its simple structure, with few components, contributing to robust and reliable performance. In this work, is presented the implementation of a wind cogeneration system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) associated with a back-to-back power converter is proposed, in order to inject active power in an electric power system. The control strategy of the active power delivered to the grid by cogeneration is based on the philosophy of indirect control

Desenvolvimento de um middleware para comunicação via web services e sua aplicação em sistemas de aquisição de dados industriais

The control of industrial processes has become increasingly complex due to variety of factory devices, quality requirement and market competition. Such complexity requires a large amount of data to be treated by the three levels of process control: field devices, control systems and management softwares. To use data effectively in each one of these levels is extremely important to industry. Many of today s industrial computer systems consist of distributed software systems written in a wide variety of programming languages and developed for specific platforms, so, even more companies apply a significant investment to maintain or even re-write their systems for different platforms. Furthermore, it is rare that a software system works in complete isolation. In industrial automation is common that, software had to interact with other systems on different machines and even written in different languages. Thus, interoperability is not just a long-term challenge, but also a current context requirement of industrial software production. This work aims to propose a middleware solution for communication over web service and presents an user case applying the solution developed to an integrated system for industrial data capture , allowing such data to be available simplified and platformindependent across the network

Verificação formal automatizada para sistemas de raciocínio procedural (PRS) utilizando redes de petri coloridas (RPC)

Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica de verificação formal de Sistemas de Raciocínio Procedural, PRS (Procedural Reasoning System), uma linguagem de programação que utiliza a abordagem do raciocínio procedural. Esta técnica baseia-se na utilização de regras de conversão entre programas PRS e Redes de Petri Coloridas (RPC). Para isso, são apresentadas regras de conversão de um sub-conjunto bem expressivo da maioria da sintaxe utilizada na linguagem PRS para RPC. A fim de proceder fia verificação formal do programa PRS especificado, uma vez que se disponha da rede de Petri equivalente ao programa PRS, utilizamos o formalismo das RPCs (verificação das propriedades estruturais e comportamentais) para analisarmos formalmente o programa PRS equivalente. Utilizamos uma ferramenta computacional disponível para desenhar, simular e analisar as redes de Petri coloridas geradas. Uma vez que disponhamos das regras de conversão PRS-RPC, podemos ser levados a querer fazer esta conversão de maneira estritamente manual. No entanto, a probabilidade de introdução de erros na conversão é grande, fazendo com que o esforço necessário para garantirmos a corretude da conversão manual seja da mesma ordem de grandeza que a eliminação de eventuais erros diretamente no programa PRS original. Assim, a conversão automatizada é de suma importância para evitar que a conversão manual nos leve a erros indesejáveis, podendo invalidar todo o processo de conversão. A principal contribuição deste trabalho de pesquisa diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de uma técnica de verificação formal automatizada que consiste basicamente em duas etapas distintas, embora inter-relacionadas. A primeira fase diz respeito fias regras de conversão de PRS para RPC. A segunda fase é concernente ao desenvolvimento de um conversor para fazer a transformação de maneira automatizada dos programas PRS para as RPCs. A conversão automática é possível, porque todas as regras de conversão apresentadas seguem leis de formação genéricas, passíveis de serem incluídas em algoritmos

Desenvolvimento de estruturas integradas de filtros e antenas para aplicações em sistemas de comunicações sem fio

This paper presents a study of the integration of filters and microstrip antennas, yielding devices named as filtennas for applications in wireless communications systems. The design of these structures is given from the observation of filtennas based integration between horn antennas and frequency selective surfaces (FSS), used in the band X. The choice of microstrip line structures for the development of a new configuration filtennas justifies the wide application of these transmission lines, in recent decades, always resulting in the production of circuit structures with planar light-weight, compact size, low cost, easy to construct and particularly easy to integrate with other microwave circuits. In addition, the antenna structure considered for the composition of filtennas consists of a planar monopole microstrip to microstrip filters integrated in the feed line of the antenna. In particular, are considered elliptical monopole microstrip (operating in UWB UWB) microstrip filters and (in structures with associated sections in series and / or coupled). In addition, the monopole microstrip has a proper bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation pattern, such that its integration with microstrip filters results in decreased bandwidth, but with slight changes in the radiation pattern. The methods used in the analysis of monopoles, and filters were filtennas finite elements and moments by using commercial software Ansoft Designer and HFSS Ansoft, respectively. Specifically, we analyze the main characteristics of filtennas, such as radiation pattern, gain and bandwidth. Were designed, constructed and measures, several structures filtennas, for validation of the simulated results. Were also used computational tools (CAD) in the process of building prototypes of planar monopoles, filters and filtennas. The prototypes were constructed on substrates of glass-fiber (FR4). Measurements were performed at the Laboratory for Telecommunications UFRN. Comparisons were made between simulated and measured, and found good agreement in the cases considered

Proteção em sistemas elétricos com geração distribuída utilizando a transformada wavelet

A typical electrical power system is characterized by centr alization of power gene- ration. However, with the restructuring of the electric sys tem, this topology is changing with the insertion of generators in parallel with the distri bution system (distributed gene- ration) that provides several benefits to be located near to e nergy consumers. Therefore, the integration of distributed generators, especially fro m renewable sources in the Brazi- lian system has been common every year. However, this new sys tem topology may result in new challenges in the field of the power system control, ope ration, and protection. One of the main problems related to the distributed generati on is the islanding formation, witch can result in safety risk to the people and to the power g rid. Among the several islanding protection techniques, passive techniques have low implementation cost and simplicity, requiring only voltage and current measuremen ts to detect system problems. This paper proposes a protection system based on the wavelet transform with overcur- rent and under/overvoltage functions as well as infomation of fault-induced transients in order to provide a fast detection and identification of fault s in the system. The propo- sed protection scheme was evaluated through simulation and experimental studies, with performance similar to the overcurrent and under/overvolt age conventional methods, but with the additional detection of the exact moment of the fault.