História, filosofia e espaços: a idéia de ocidente em Oswald Spengler

This article claim to estabilish a epistemologic discourse from the science history´s point of view in a moment where its statute,methods , approachs and possibility conditions, in history´s crisis period, depares itself in risk, as universitary institutions as european´s social imagination about knowing for excellence. Our spotlight though is the concept of space, a strong question to a timeless snip, once philosophy and History renounced this concept due to the time question, so commum used until nowdays in both discourses. From this perspective, we search to elucidate Spengler´s history and space point of view, attempting to the occidental idea produced by the author, tapping to the symbolical and discursive dynamics and its dialogic relation with westerner´s political and cultural in the end of XIX century toward second great war. Thereby Spengler´s effort was always crucial to define concepts of history, science, art, space,civilizations, culture, city, country and mainly discussing spenglerian relation to social-political facts that sorrounded him. And finally, his project of cientific revolution, which was displayed by Spengler as a challenge to History of science´s paradigm

O reino encantado do sertão: uma crítica da produção e do fechamento da representação do sertão no romance de Ariano Suassuna

Based on the relation history, literature and space, this work examines the production and the closing of the representation of the hinterland in the Romance d A Pedra do Reino of the paraiban writer Ariano Suassuna. Inspired by method proposed by deconstructionist by Jacques Derrida, our reflection decomposes the writing scene of Suassuna by means of it s tracks to interpret the operation of the representation of the space-hinterland for the speech of the writer. Being thus, we present the elements chosen for Suassuna to weave an identification it s with this space-hinterland, taking a priori as a sentimental place and of familiar origin . The construction of this relation of belonging in great is measured grounded for a familiar memory entangled in the context politician who culminated in the Revolution of 1930 and that he resulted for the writer in the death of father. Suassuna launches a look on the identity and the Brazilian culture that guided in the tradition concept it searchs to deny the gift grounding its speech in the return to the past, a past order . Specifically in it s romance we notice to exist the fusing of these tracks in the production of a representation of the hinterland that it intends to close a concept of this space and its culture. Soon, the idea of kingdom sends to the space of the enchantments manufactured in infancy and retaken by the intellectual radical who in the anxiety of honor the father figure, does not save efforts in constructing a space representation that, over all, either faithful the representation that it searchs to trace of proper itself. Under one it marks of universality , the hinterland-kingdom of Suassuna if discloses eurocentric in the measure where it perpetuates discurse the filiation of the European cultural traditions.

Parahyba ou João Pessoa? Um estudo sobre a função social da História

Este trabalho é uma discussão sobre as funções sociais da História e da Memória. Para tanto, foi pensado diante do 80º aniversário da Revolução de 1930, marco da (re)fundação da capital paraibana, pois esta memória e a produção historiográfica a respeito do tema nos é bastante instigante. Falar de João Pessoa, seja da cidade, seja do indivíduo; no que se refere aos episódios de 1930, é tocar em um assunto bastante passional, onde chegar a um consenso é algo extremamente improvável. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar as funções sociais da História e suas utilizações, notadamente por meio do nosso objeto de estudo, buscando contribuir para a compreensão de como a memória e a escrita da História são frutos do trabalho constante das sociedades que as engendram. Estudar sobre a produção da memória e da historiografia bem como a função da escrita da História sobre esses episódios, entendendo-os como espaços específicos de disputas, notadamente sobre os embates de memórias nos últimos dez anos, trazendo novas reflexões sobre as funções sociais destas memórias

Precarização do trabalho no setor de supermercados : um estudo de caso com trabalhadores em Natal

Precarization of work, process situated historically after the third Industrial Revolution, express itself as one of the faces of changes in production modus and working conditions. The present study aims to identify the process of work precarization in supermarket sector in Natal municipality. The choice for this sector and professional category is based on low investment in studies on the commercial sector and on technological and administrative transformations that supermarkets have implemented. After a bibliographical review, ten indicators of precarization were chosen which permitted to set up a schedule to interviews and its application to employees of two supermarkets (local companies) in Natal area. The following working functions were chosen to participate in the survey: cashier, display assistant (shelf-stacker) and attendants (N=6). From the interviews we developed an analysis of categorical contents in order to identify the presence of precarization indicators. Categorizations allowed us to identify five major themes: work categorization; work meaning: its attributes; work meaning: work centrality; comments on the employment of apprentices or trainees; and transversal work contents. Such themes contents express or not the presence of precarization process at supermarket sector in Natal area. Precarious work is identified in participants speech when they refer to the employees decreasing power in salaries negotiation between them and employers that institute the precarious work conditions

Análise das dificuldades de aprendizagem numa disciplina de química orgânica do curso de química na modalidade à distância da UFRN

In today`s society the use of so-called information technology and communication (ICT), is promoting a revolution in the forms of teaching and learning through the methods of distance learning courses, especially in higher education. Studies show that students in this way have great difficulties in the learning process, especially when dealing with experimental subjects that require high power of abstraction as chemistry. The goal of this work is to promote improvement in the teaching and learning in the discipline Chemistry of Life offered for the Bachelor`s Degree in Chemistry in distance UFRN. For this we analyzed evidence of the semester 2011.2, in order to identify what are the main difficulties of the students on the assessments. That`s why video lessons related to matters that create the majority of difficulties for students were developed, the final product this work. Being obtained the improvements by video classes in the learning process of the students, from a questionnaire answered by the students in the virtual learning environment, and from their success rate at the end of the course

Avaliação do programa de atenção à saúde do trabalhador: uma abordagem da atenção primária

The accelerated industrialization, coming with the Industrial Revolution, caused profound changes in the working world. These changes led to the households risks from work environment. Trying to assist comprehensively the health of workers, Brazil has a program of Health Care Workers in the Primary Care, and the Family Health Strategy is the main entrance for this system. The study sought to determine if the actions of the health care worker have been developed in primary care through the Family Health Strategy. This is a quantitative study with a methodological evaluation, focusing on normative assessment. The sample was formed by professionals from Team Family Health Strategy, in the municipalities of Pau dos Ferros, Caicó and Natal in Rio Grande do Norte state. The sample consists of 202 professionals (Doctors, Nurses, Assistant / Technician Nursing and Community Health Workers) in 52 Health Family Units from the 3 municipalities cited. The instrument used consists of a checklist, from Manual of Primary Care 5 - Family Health - Occupational Health, Ministry of Health. The data were analyzed describing the variables by its frequency and doing a classification of cities from the scores obtained by each. It was observed that the Family Health professionals know the program of health care worker, however do not know the Manual of Primary Care 5, which is a guidance tool. As a result of non-appropriation of the FHT professionals with worker health, these activities are not performed, mainly surveillance in occupational health and health education labor

Os caminhos da transição agroecológica: uma análise das experiências da agricultura familiar camponesa no território dos Vales do Curu e aracatiaçu-CE

This study examines peasant family farming from an agroecological perspective. It intends to analyze the changes resulting from the transition from conventional to agro-ecological agriculture in the daily practices of farmers articulated associated with the Network of Agroecological and Solidarity Farmers of the Curu and Aracatiaçu Valleys Territory, the locus of this empirical research, and a space which has highlighted the social dynamics of agroecological innovation, as well as articulating environmental exchanges and knowledge development. As a way to further that goal, we seek to identify the forms of social organization previously present in the daily lives of these subjects, in addition to grasping the determinants that lead or led them to adopt agroecology, noting the need to verify the forms of resistance, and the strategies adopted by farmers and how they articulate collectively. Through the historical and dialectical methods, we seek to take the implications of technical modernization of agriculture under the conditions of production and reproduction of peasants and thus situate the emergence of agroecology, a focus that is born as a counterpoint to conventional patterns of agricultural development based on the paradigm of the Green Revolution. We structured this study around the trajectory of agroecological farmers that developed and internalized agroecological practices, processes, and organizational forms. For the analysis, we used theoretical and methodological frameworks from literature related to field research. The systematization and analysis of experiments revealed that agroecological transition is a broad process of change, not restricted to technical matters. We observed changes in production practices, diversification of production and feeding practices, ecological awareness, production autonomy, and organizations formed to face the challenges resulting from the imposition of the dominant agricultural development model that combines environmental degradation, land ownership concentration, and wealth concentration

Evolução da terminoliga princípio contábil baseada na Escola Norte-Americana

This research has as objective of study the evolution of the accountancy princliple terminology which is present in the accounting conceptual framework. The scene of this research will have as target the North American School of Accounting. The choice of the searched terminology is its relevance in the study of the Accounting Theory. To understand the evolution of the accountancy thought, will be boarded: the influence of the Feudal System and the Mercantilism in the European economic conception; the importance of the Industrial Revolution in the beginning of the accounting standards and the influence of England in the formation of the North American School of Accounting. With relation to U.S.A., the development of the economic-financial scene of the American society will be evaluated, focusing the contribution in the search of the construction of an applied theoretical framework to the Accounting. The economic-financial development of U.S.A. provided the sprouting of new users with specific necessities. The necessity of the user for useful information for the decision taking, unchained the process of research directed toward the establishment of an applied Accountancy terminology. In this process, the paper exerted for the responsible accountancy organisms for the accounting standards will be boarded, as well as the professionals associations which had invested in researches, aiming at to elaborate a body of accountancy principles and to adjust the accountancy procedures to the necessities of the users. To reach the research objective, a bibliographical revision in specialized literature will be effected, adopting the historical method, in the period that understands the development of the North American School of Accounting. As result of the research, it can conclude that the evolution process of the terminology which is studied presents a structural logical problem, because the impossibility of the construction of a theoretical framework, having as bases the principle terminology. The impossibility occurred in function of the reach attributed to the term, which made a difficult in its application in the elaboration of the accountancy procedures

Sustentabilidade do cultivo de melão no assentamento São Romão em Mossoró/RN

Agriculture is one of the most discussed topics currently in the conceptual field of sustainability. The debates are increasingly recurrent and put in question the model adopted from post-war, so-called green revolution, for its potential of degradation of natural resources. This type of Agriculture put Brazil at the top of the global agribusiness, where stands out in various sectors such as grain, meat, sugar and horticulture. Discussions are focused on aspects related to the use of agrochemicals, monoculture, conversion of native forest in extensive agricultural areas, among other points taken as deleterious to environmental balance. On the other hand, there is a model, called by family farming, which for many researchers, has attributes closer to the understanding of sustainable agriculture. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the agricultural potential lies mainly on horticulture, where stands the agropolo AcuMossoró, as one of the greatest tropical fruit producing regions of Brazil, being melon, the major fruit produced. The cultivation of this vegetable was developed in the region in the late 1980s, from the investment of large agricultural enterprises, whose cultivation techniques were grounded by the green revolution. Currently, the melon cultivation is also developed in agroecosystems whose management is characterized by family participation, including small farmers of rural settlements created by Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). In view of the inclusion of family farming in a field that recently was dominated by large agribusiness companies, some questions arise about the maintenance of attributes that characterise this type of family agriculture management. This research aimed to assess the sustainability of family agroecosystems in São Romão settlement in Mossoró-RN, cultivated with melon. The study was conducted by the Framework for Evaluation of Natural Resources Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS), in ten agroecosystems of the mentioned settlement. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and field observations, so that the answers, considerations and comments made by settlers, were widely used to cycle through the six steps of the MESMIS evaluation. As a result of the work, were determined seven critical points affecting sustainability, being: water resources, soils, reliance on external inputs, biodiversity, quality of life, family income and community organizing, from which was derived twenty-three indicators that sought to reflect the actual state of sustainability of the agroecosystems

Amélia Duarte Machado, a Viúva Machado: a esposa, a viúva e a lenda na Cidade do Natal (1900-1930)

The research project examines representations elaborated about Amelia Duarte Machado, images that were built in a particular space: the Natal City. Amelia, one mossoroense that has a simple life, stated a luxurious life after marrying with a rich Portuguese merchant Manuel Machado, in 1904. She led a life of society lady, lived in a sumptuous residence, traveled to Europe, attending the Theatre the city and took care of the social image of her husband, opening the doors of your home to promote dinners and receptions. Experienced the changes occurring in Natal in the first three decades of the twentieth century, when the initiative of a political and intellectual elite of the city began to incorporate bourgeois values and to provide a technical framework focused on the improvements brought by the Industrial Revolution. In 1934, with her husband's death, took over the family business. Besides the widow, also became an enterprising woman. The widow Amelia Machado also became the target of suspicion of the population, rumors about his life. From there emerges a frightening figure in Natal, a being that captured and ate the liver of children, the papa-figo of Natal City, the Widow Machado. In this research, we relate different images that circulated about this woman, who was society lady, dashing widow and papa-figo, articulating these representations with the discourse on female circulating in Natal from 1900 to 1930 yet will raise hypotheses about the creation of the Legend of the Widow Machado

A formação da habilidade de explicar no contexto do ensino médio: o que dizem os livros? o que pensam os professores?

The discussion about explanation in knowledge has been made for decades. Through this course, we present different ways of understanding about what is to explain the history: the primitive ethnographic description, the chronicler, the positivist construction of a historical science and historiography of the second half of twentieth century. Nowadays this discussion needs to be continued both in the general framework of scientific practice as within educational institutions as cognitive - linguistic ability. The focus of our research is by the second approach, which is the explanation as cognitive - linguistic ability. The formation of skills, among them, the explaining one, has been studied by the authors as: (NÚÑEZ 2012; JORBA et al, 2000; SANMARTÍ and IZQUIERDO 2000). This research had as general purpose: to study the processes of formation of the ability to explain social revolution in history classes in high school, by teachers opinion and by content as this theme among history books, in order to support the continuing education of history teachers for high school. Th e qualitative based research used instruments of data collection and analysis protocol for the books prepared for this study, and interviews with teachers. For this, the techniques of content analysis and discourse referenced in Bardin and Orlandi , respec tively were used. At first, the instruments for data collection were developed and validated, while in the second, the data were collected, organized and analyzed. From the answers to the questions of the study results shows that: a) in the analyzed books - do not express the work with the definition of Social Revolution, considering the processes for the formation of this definition, the predominant type of explanation has characteristics of multicausality; proposals for teaching are characterized as eclec tic; b) while teachers speech - it is important the students know the definition of Social Revolution, the ability to explain is more linked to didactic explanation in the classroom than the explanation through epistemological sense. These results indicate that the formation of the ability to explain Social Revolution based in Cultural History approach, are not expressed in the analyzed books, but they can serve as an important resource for this purpose. The discourse of teachers has a potential pointing to the possibility of teaching organization and learning process, based on training or upgrading the explanation skill from the theory of stepwise formation of mental actions and concepts by P.Ya. Galperin. For this purpose, the research constitutes a contri bution to support the continued education of history teachers in high school.

Involução criadora: o maior e o menor na obra de Gilles Deleuze

This work is on the political thought of the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze (1925 – 1995) taking the concepts of major/minor as starting point, since by them the deleuzian philosophy produces significant approaches to think politics and its forms. Not only the concepts of major/minor, but also the concept of becoming, in the mode of becoming-minor, marks the proposition, as we could tell, a properly deleuzian political philosophy. Thus, this work attempts to expose the possible form of this politics and of a fight ethic associated to it. To study the Deleuze political thought today is not to abdicate of a political thought that recognizes the singularities and embraces the political fight not as a totalizing revolution, but as resistance. The analyses of the concepts of major/minor, and the becoming shows itself as necessary in the political proposal in the present context

O canto dos vestibulandos em 140 caracteres: linguagem e construção de identidades no Twitter

The revolution caused by the internet and its various social networks eventually bring forth fruitful reflections on cyberculture and the power of identity construction. What seemed purely fashion has become way of being, representation of self, reality creation (Lévy, 1996). Considering language as a social phenomenon, which occurs through interaction, as explicit in Bakhtin (1929), the speech aired on social networks shapes the profile of their users, constructing identities which, according to Hall (2006), are multiple and non-permanent . This research seeks to examine the use of Twitter by school students, developing a reflection on the construction of their own identities in cyberspace. The subjects are students of Educandário Nossa Senhora das Vitórias, private school in Assú/RN, all graduates from high school. Understanding the Vestibular year as a decisive and a reflection engine ever present about their condition of students, subjects eventually express their anxieties, fears and perspectives in the virtual environment, providing us with enough material to analyze how they are high school students, expectations for appropriate selection processes, plus several representations belonging to the school environment. From the discourse conveyed on Twitter expressed in Featured posts, this study reveals the identities of high school students that emerge from it, which led the cast of some evidence. From them, despite the multiplicity of identities observed, presented some common aspects that corroborate the requirements provided for specific objectives, such as: feeling of belonging to a group - class and school; change of routine and behavior towards education; desecration of traditional teaching practices; changing the identity of students'writings. The analysis of postings enables us to know the perceptions of students regarding the school, the disciplines , the pace of studies, interest in school practices, and from such evidence, the perception of how vestibular modify your daily life and a fondness their identities as school students.

Avaliação do potencial das fibras de Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) e Calotropis Procera como adsorventes de petróleo

On the basis of human evolution and the population increase was necessary, the emergence of new sources of energy, the development of new products and technologies. One such product, object of the industry revolution and of great importance to the development of humanity is the oil, a substance composed primarily of hydrocarbons which give rise to several other products as fuels, lubricants, polymers, solvents, cooking gas, asphalt for roads, fertilizers, medicines, paints, among other. However, mishandling this product may cause leaks and spills that generate huge damages to the environment and the economy. Soon, with the purpose of contributing to decrease is problematic, in this master's work was carried out an intensive search of the possible potential of the fibers of Ceiba pentandra (L.) "Kapok" and Calotropis Procera as bioadsorbents of petroleum in water. The choice of these fibers is due to surface properties such as oleophylics and hydrophobic, their buoyancy and yet, being biodegradable natural polymers derived from the Brazilian Northeast. This research was used experimental planning with response surface methodology (RSM) with the software Design Expert. The results were statistically efficient, obtaining a R2= 0.9995 for Calotropis Procera and a R2= 0.9993 for Kapok. And that, both fibers showed adsorption efficiency, removing more than 80% petroleum in water static and dynamic state.

Vida privada e mídias sociais: impressões da pós-modernidade

This thesis starts from the proposition that postmodernity is the very cultural manifestation of Late Capitalism. The research was concerned with the publication of privacy that gives us news feeds of Facebook online social network. We used netnography, which is considered a construction method in action that combines study skills to immersion of the researcher in the investigated field. Netnography is an alternative methodology for the study of communication threads in cyber environments. We note that there is an exhibition of themselves in a related environment that reproduces the properties of the spectacle society, with an emphasis on the fact that this exhibition be made and want to be made by the individual himself, allegorically, window dresser and with spectacle. The subject is revealed by itself, shown and is induced to show and display at the same time. It is a large-scale exhibition of the private life events; it is more than spectacle, surpassing debordian sense, approaching the exhibitionism in the Freudian sense. It is a subject in a new way of existence. At the time of posting in public, the person violates their privacy. It is the desecration of stardom intimacy. We found that these new behavioral forms sharing of human experiences, under the mediation of typical technologies informationalism era, appear as a major brand of sociability, meshing the ongoing technological revolution.