Processos de construção do sentido por portadores da Síndrome de Asperger

Para la lingüística Cognitiva, la construcción del sentido darse a través del accionamiento de procesos mentales específicos que están directamente ligados a las experiencias socioculturales, sensorio motores y perceptuales. En portadores de la Síndrome de Asperger, el comprometimiento de estos procesos, debido a características específicas dela propia síndrome, puede estar directamente relacionado a problemas de construcción de sentido por estos individuos. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es investigar los procesos cognitivos que direccionan la construcción del sentido en estos portadores de trastornos neurales. La investigación es realizada con alumnos de la APPARN (Associação de país e amigos dos autistas do Rio Grande do Norte), teniendo como grupo de control alumnos neurotípicos de otras instituciones, siendo los portadores de la síndrome practicantes de la lengua materna o grupo experimental de la búsqueda. Para elucidar el proceso de construcción del sentido por estos alumno, fueron desarrollados testes contiendo rasgos linguisticos norteadores responsables por el accionamiento de algunos procesos cognitivos como los esquemas (JOHNSON, 1987), frames (MINSKY, 1974), affordances (GIBSON, 1979) y simulación mental (BARSALOU, 1999). Los testes fueron basados en los presupuestos teóricos de la Lingüística Cognitiva, más precisamente, de la Teoria Neural del Linguaje. Los resultados apuntan para una posible justificativa para el comprometimiento de la construcción del sentido en portadores de la Síndrome de Asperger, que comprende directamente la relevancia intersubjetiva de la infersencias recibidas y construidas socialmente por los participantes específicamente de este análisis.

Estratégias de cuidados por familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais severos residentes na zona rural do alto sertão paraibano

In the current configuration of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, family plays a key role in mental health care: shared responsibility and active participation in the process of rehabilitation of people with severe mental disorders. It´s considered that the family member who cares can help users in their daily tasks and articulating trajectories, networks and ways to potentiate social connections. This research was motivaded by interest in the subject and by the lack of research and studies about this reality in rural areas. This study aimed to identify ways of mental health care by relatives of severe mental disorder patients living in rural zone located at sertão of Paraiba. Methodologically was made a work with qualitative research structured in two moments. In the first one, was held a Documentary Research in CAPS II in order to identify: a) users living in rural that had a history of at least one psychiatric hospitalization, b) users who no longer use the reference service (CAPS II) for at least one year. The second stage consisted by home visits and semi-structured interviews with eleven families in rural areas. Results pointed out a profile composed by 56 users: 56 women and 26 men aged between 50 and 64 years, unmarried, without study, farmers and housewives, living six miles from CAPS II and carriers with severe mental disorders. Strategies and resources used by the families for mental health care were: religion, work, medication and help from relatives, neighbors and community. Factors related to non-use of substitute services were lack of internment in CAPS II and lack of money and transportation. The hospital, the house arrest, the police aid and religion were strategies used by family members as support to psychiatric crises. The data pointed to non-solving of care offered by psychosocial support network and the importance of redirecting practices aligned to the asylum model in favor of psychosocial strategies that aimed at rehabilitation and community participation in mental health care