Michel Foucault e a dominação: contribuições para a sociologia

In this master s thesis I intend to carry out an interpretation of Michel Foucault s thought that points out the relations and theoretical, conceptual and thematic consequences with sociology in his work and theoretical propositions. For my argumentation and analysis I take as a base a specific part of his thought: the problem of domination in modern societies in the genealogic texts in the decade of 1970. It s about to identify how Foucault does his analysis of the relations of domination and the use of the power with the objective to suggest and point out his contribution to sociological analysis of domination. I will discuss the foucaultian program of the study of domination from four units of analysis: person constitution, knowledge, power and truth. The structure and division of the chapters will follow the specific and detailed study of each of those units of analysis, prioritizing their theoretical sense and consequences to the sociology. Thus, in the first chapter, I will highlight a little more the relations of affinity and the convergences between Foucault and the sociology in a way to offer more elements to justify the general objectives that this work intends to achieve. In the second chapter, I will analyze the subject of domination in Foucault s thought, discussing his basic presuppositions and its intrinsic relation with the heart of the foucaultian philosophical project, the person constitution. In turn, in the third and fourth chapter, I will discuss the interdependence between knowledge and power as an essential and opaque dimension of the ways of modern domination. In the fifth chapter, I will analyze the relation between domination and the truth discourse production

O amor em tempos de internet: as expectativas amorosas na rede social Badoo

This research aims to examine the phenomenon of sexual relations by observing the Social Network Badoo. As a means to achieve this objective, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted online. The main question is to understand how the amorous expectations in the liquid modernity are configured. Added to that, there is as analysis categories the insight about relationships and the love experiences provided by the use of the Social Network Badoo. There are three initial hypotheses: 1) a time of transition is experienced, in which the liquid love in the proposed terms by Bauman (2004) was gaining ground and, as consequence, the relationships would be presenting themselves shorter, more open and with another interactive proposals for the relations. 2) The consuming practices of the liquid modernity can interpellate the relational practices molding them according to your logic. 3) It is assumed that the reasoning, inherent to the market, of the use followed by the disposal settles itself in the social behavior and this practice is accentuated by technology, through the use of the internet for the establishment of romantic relationships.the empirical analysis shows that both the vision on relationships as the amorous expectations in liquid modernity have as references the model of solid loving relationship, inherent to the traditional modernity. However it also demonstrates that the romantic experiences and practices refer to the liquid relationship model. Therefore, from these statements it is argued that there is in liquid modernity the cohabitation of the liquid and solid models of romantic relationships. In summary, this research aims to understand the contemporary love relationships across the spectrum of relationships that develop on the Internet Social Network: Badoo

As cidades, os rios e as escolas: um estudo das práticas de educação ambiental nas cidades de Natal e Mossoró-RN

Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte

O progama empregador de última instância: Sua relevância em tempos de crises financeiras e sua aplicabilidade ao Brasil.

This dissertation aims to continue the work developed previously concerning the properties of the employer of last resort program (ELR) that would be able to promote a complete elimination of the involuntary unemployment from the economy, so much of the unemployment generated by structural problems as for problems of the conjuncture, as the present world financial crisis. Besides, it intends to deepen the study concerning the applicability of that program to the Brazilian economy, estimating their potential target population in the country and the cost with the workers' remuneration. It was presented the ELR theoretical-conceptual structure and a debate concerning their economic viability; the program properties that turn it more efficient than the onetary and fiscal policies (PMFs) in the fight against involuntary unemployment in times of financial crises; a study on its applicability to the Brazilian socioeconomic specificities and an estimate of their potential target population and of the annual wage cost in the country, as a whole, and in the specific case of the Northeast region and of the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Paisagens sonoras, tempos e autoformação

Les sociétés actuelles vivent des temps de vitesse, de l'individualisme, de l'absence d'enracinement historique: en harmonie avec le processus de formation de la civilisation du monde occidental contemporain profondément marqué par le paradigme de la globalisation. La pollution visuelle et sonore des grandes villes est, en même temps, l'expression de la pollution des sens et des affections humaines. En reflétant sur ce processus, la thèse discuter em faveur d'une formation réglée dans la logique du sensible qu'il a dans l'écouter près de la nature (Lévi-Strauss) un de leurs piliers épistémologiques ondamentales. Cette forme de penser et vivre reconnaît dans l'autoformation (Edgar Morin), et dans l'exercice de construction, par le sujet, de leurs propres paysages sonores (Murray Schafer), deux opérateurs cognitifs capables de nourrir les principes de la diversité, complexité, interdépendance et respect à la nature (Fritjof Capra). Dans le parcours argumentatif de la thèse gagnent emphase les savoirs de la tradition, les pratiques et les connaissances produites par les sociétés le plus proche de la nature qui, par des stratégies cognitives ouvertes et des polyphoniques, donnent importance aux facultés sensibles et à la complémentarité des deux itinéraires de la pensée: symbolique/mythologique/magique et empirique/technique/rationnel (Edgar Morin). Proche d'une perspective autobiographique, la thèse se présente dans la forme narrative d'un registre avec des évocations poétiques, philosophiques et musicales germées de l'écouter d'un paysage particulier, la Lagon du Piató, localisé dans la région de l'Assu (Rio Grande do Norte) et, en particulier, des récits et des évocations de mémoire d'un de leurs habitants auxlesquels nous pourrions appeler d'un philosophe de la nature , Francisco Lucas da Silva (Chico Lucas). Ensuite, ils sont décrits non-place (Marc-Augé) des scénarios métropolitains, en discutant ainsi les excès de pollution sonore, visuelle et de l'afection. En ayant comme estimé une éducation complexe ancrée dans non séparation il entre réforme de l'éducation et reforme de la pensée, de la formation et autoformation (Edgar Morin), à la fin, la thèse propose des ateliers d'expérimentation de l'écouter sensible entre des jeunes et des enfants sur le contexte scolaire, en pariant dans les futures générations (Ilya Prigogine) pour la reconstruction d'un monde plus juste et solidaire

Dos tempos de escola aos dias atuais: reminiscências duradouras da experiência escolar

Este estudo trata sobre as marcas da experiência escolar no processo de individuação do sujeito e tem como objetivo geral conhecer de que forma essas experiências, a despeito das questões curriculares e pedagógicas, influenciam esse processo. Buscou-se interpretar as experiências reforçadas durante a escolarização e as trajetórias de enfrentamento das diversas situações vividas na escola. Tentou-se, também, compreender o sentido dos acontecimentos escolares críticos e igualmente como o meio familiar pode influenciar nas escolhas e formação dos sujeitos através do investimento pedagógico. Ademais, refletiu-se sobre os motivos que levaram alguns a permanecerem no ambiente escolar seja como estudante ou mais tarde, do lado de lá, como professor. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica utilizando-se de entrevistas narrativas com quatro sujeitos, a partir das quais se identificou as principais características, estrutura, condições de origem, o contexto social, as estratégias escolares, as formas como foram manejadas e suas conseqüências. A análise dos relatos deixou claro dois eixos fundamentais da experiência escolar que se destacam na constituição dos sujeitos: de um lado a dinâmica do ambiente escolar vivido deixou marcas indeléveis na memória que foram determinantes para as escolhas pessoais; por outro lado, a referência familiar, através das suas várias formas de investimento pedagógico, teve uma influência decisiva. As marcas combinadas da escola e da família deixaram um legado importante para formação dos sujeitos e para as escolhas que fizeram durante as suas vidas, especialmente no direcionamento da suas carreiras profissionais. Invariavelmente, percebeu-se na investigação, que muito do aluno que se foi persiste no adulto e profissional de hoje. Assim, o Eu escolar é parte do Eu profissional que existe em cada um. O cidadão, a pessoa e o profissional são derivados dos processos de socialização e individuação, os quais em grande parte se definem durante a vida escolar. E é com o uso desse "capital escolar" , adquirido nos tempos de escola, que temos condições de desenvolver os muitos papéis sociais nos dias atuais.

Dos tempos de escola aso dias atuais reminiscências duradousras da experiência escolar

This study it treats on the marks of the school experience in the individuation process of the subject and has as general aim to know of that it forms these experiences, the spite of the curricular and pedagogical questions, influences this process. It searched to interpret the experiences strengthened during the school education and the trajectories of confrontation of the diverse situations lived in the school. It was tried,also,to understand the direction of the critical school events and equally as the familiar way can influence in the choices and formation of the citizens through the pedagogical investment. Furthermore, it was reflected on the reasons that had taken some to remain in the school environment are as student or, later, of the side of there ,as teacher. For in such a way, it realized a qualitative research with a phenomenological inspiration using narratives interviews carried with four subjects, from which if it identified the main characteristics, structure, conditions of origin, the social context, the school strategies, the forms as they had been managed and its consequences. The analysis of the stories clearly left two basic axles about the school experience that if detach in the constitution of the subjects: in a hand, the dynamics of the lived school environment left undeleted marks in the memory that had been determinative for the personal choices; on the other hand,the familiar reference, through its different forms of pedagogical investment,had a decisive influence. The agreed marks of the school and the family had left an important legacy for formation of the subjects and the choices that had made during their lives, especially in the aiming of its professional careers. Invariably, it was perceived in the inquiry, that much of the pupil who if was persists in the adult and professional of today. Thus, the school I it s part of professional I that it exists in each one. The citizen, the person and the professional are derived from the processes of socialization and individuation, which to a large extent are defined during the school life. And it s with the use of this school capital , acquired in the school times, that we have conditions to develop the many social roles in the current days

Aquelas leituras formadoras de culturas (Caicó-RN, século XIX)

La lecture faite du livre Seridó − XIXème siècle (Fazendas & livros), des historiens Medeiros Filhos et Faria, a été ce qui a déclenché l écrit de cette thèse de doctorat. La lecture intensive de ce livre a conduit au corpus documentaire de la recherche (livres scolaires, religieux et laïques, chronique, discours, documents ecclésiastiques, inventaires, testaments, mémoires d'enfance, articles journalistiques, rapports), et aussi au corpus du référentiel théorico-méthodologique de l'histoire culturelle de la lecture, en correspondance avec Roger Chartier et Robert Darnton. Dans la rigueur de l'écriture de la thèse, la recherche relative à la thématique lecture et absorptions culturelles nous a menés à définir comme objet d'étude les pratiques culturelles appropriées pertinemment aux lectures faites, entendues, murmurées, de nombreuses fois répétées et mémorisées, de livres scolaires imprimés, religieux et laïques qui circulaient à Caicó, dans les années mille huit cents. En vue de la lecture intensive et de l'extensive, l'objectif est d analyser, d'une part, des indices d'absorptions ou appropriations culturelles des enseignements de ces pratiques de lecture et, d'autre part, les entrelacements des enseignements relatifs à l'oralité, à la lecture, à l'écrit et à la scolarisation. La thèse défendue est que l'histoire de la lecture à Caicó, au XIXème siècle, est l'histoire de la lecture faite, entendue, murmurée, répétée et, encore, mémorisée, qui, soutenue par des textes de livres scolaires, religieux et laïques, se convertissait dans la production de biens culturels spécifiques, comme des cartes, inventaires, remèdes homéopátiques et faits maison, testaments, prières fortes de cure, vers de cordel, parmi beaucoup d'autres. En commençant avec l'intention d écrire une histoire de la lecture à Caicó, au XIXème siècle, nous comprenons que les pratiques culturelles, spécialement les pratiques des coutumes seridoenses, sont, excessivement, le résultat des appropriations de lectures de textes scolaires, religieux et laïques, stimulatrices d'autres pratiques de lectures intensives et extensives. Si la lecture faite, entendue, répétée, mémorisée et reconnue est liée à des pratiques de coutumes universelles et locales, malgré cela la force de l'oralité aurait été l élément essentiel de la reproduction et de la longévité de cette lecture, ainsi que de son passage du XIXème siècle au XXème et, encore, des vestiges de certaines permanences de ce XXIème siècle. En partie, ce réseau de pratiques culturelles, reproduit par la force de la transmission orale, persiste depuis l époque de nos arrière-arrière-grand-parents

Identidade e docência: o saber-fazer do professor de sociologia das escolas públicas estaduais de Picos - PI

This study deals with Sociology teacher identity issues. This is done considering daily routines of Sociology grade school teachers in the city of Picos in the state of Piauí-Brazil. Thus, the research aims to acknowledge the manner the inter-relations between the teacher s know-how and the process of construction of the professional identity of these teachers occur. It is seen that the discipline of Sociology in this context brings out processes related to inclusion and exclusion once the subject of Sociology is distinguished as unstable in relation to other disciplines. However, in June 2008, the law included the Sociology as a discipline 11,684 mandatory on all high school series.The theoretical and methodological procedures of this research were based on an ethnographic qualitative nature research and enabled a documental analysis. In order to collect data, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied in collective and individual in four state schools in the city of Picos in Piauí. The analysis of the information was based in content analysis from the proposals made by Bardin (1997), and Franco (2008). The information was then organized in knowledge matrixes that allowed the identification of themes divided into two thematic axes: teacher education: the search for sense making in experience and the exercise of teaching as well as the Sociology grade school teacher s daily routine. The research enables the understanding of the senses the subjects have on their own activity since the work deals with concrete situations and experiences in the scholar context. These senses are considered relevant in order to enable a comprehension of the inter-relations that are established between the know-how and the construction of the identity on behalf of these teachers. Almost all of the interviewed subjects did not have a degree in Social Sciences and came from other backgrounds especially ones related to Education. Sociology teachers investigated almost in its entirety, do not have specific training in the social sciences, becoming teachers of Sociology by lack of school and to complete the work load. But, in spite of the difficulties experienced in the practice of the discipline all are in favour of its inclusion in high school. They have a clear vision, that through the work of the theoretical content of the discipline with the daily life of the students by using teaching strategies that add value to the relationship of knowledge that are prepared in society at large, to Sociology provides a critical analysis of the reality in which they are inserted

Filosofar em tempos de informação

This thesis reflects upon the question of how does philosophy think a particular today, which is not only a legitimate philosophical task but a determinative characteristic of philosophy in general. Today's thought follows two paths: first, an hermeneutical-phenomenological analysis of Martin Heidegger's thought with regards to his own contemporaneity; and secondly, through the analysis of the contemporary phenomenon of Information Technology which in the present work is to be considered a privileged sign of our times and distinctive of the mindfulness of philosophy. Therefore, the starting point is an investigation of Heidegger's thinking on his own era to whom facticity is a way of accessing the fundamental question of philosophy. This thesis is led by three guiding words which hold onto a perspective of unity in Heidegger s lifetime of work: 1. Technicity, 2. History, 3. Language, to thereby develop a characterization of human existence as 1. Technopolitical, 2. Technoscientific, and 3. Technological. Finally, in keeping with this triangular characterization of the human, a philosophical comprehension of our times will be established and drawn by Information Technology illustrating three of its' factual signs that are understood to be the 'Remains of Being' today: The Emptying of Speech (Language); The Emptying of Science (History); The Emptying of The Object (Technicity). Through these nowadays phenomenon, it is possible to maintain a grip on the fundamental question, precisely when the task of philosophy seems to have peremptorily lost its meaning and come to its logical end and to show how philosophizing in the information era is as possible as it is necessary.

Dinâmica de tempos curtos aplicado ao modelo de ising diluído por sítio em duas dimensões

Existem vários métodos de simulação para calcular as propriedades críticas de sistemas; neste trabalho utilizamos a dinâmica de tempos curtos, com o intuito de testar a eficiência desta técnica aplicando-a ao modelo de Ising com diluição de sítios. A Dinâmica de tempos curtos em combinação com o método de Monte Carlos verificou que mesmo longe do equilíbrio termodinâmico o sistema já se mostra insensível aos detalhes microscópicos das interações locais e portanto, o seu comportamento universal pode ser estudado ainda no regime de não-equilíbrio, evitando-se o problema do alentecimento crítico ( critical slowing down ) a que sistema em equilíbrio fica submetido quando está na temperatura crítica. O trabalho de Huse e Janssen mostrou um comportamento universal e uma lei de escala nos sistemas críticos fora do equilíbrio e identificou a existência de um novo expoente crítico dinâmico θ, associado ao comportamento anômalo da magnetização. Fazemos uima breve revisão das transições de fase e fenômeno críticos. Descrevemos o modelo de Ising, a técnica de Monte Carlo e por final, a dinâmica de tempos curtos. Aplicamos a dinâmica de tempos curtos para o modelo de Insing ferromagnéticos em uma rede quadrada com diluição de sítios. Calculamos o expoente dinâmicos θ e z, onde verificamos que existe quebra de classe de universilidade com relação às diferentes concentrações de sítios (p=0.70,0.75,0.80,0.85,0.90,0.95,1.00). calculamos também os expoentes estáticos β e v, onde encontramos pequenas variações com a desordem. Finalmente, apresentamos nossas conclusões e possíveis extensões deste trabalho

A História entre Tempos e Contratempos: Fontes Ibiapina e a obscura invenção do Piauí

Dans ce texte, nous prenons avec probleme le départment bresilien de Piauí comme espacialité de la Région « Nordeste », suivant les instants de son insertion politique et discursif dans l'identité régionale, qui s'est donnée entre la fin des années 1950 et débuts des années 1970. Pour ceci, nous proposons une analyse de discours identitaires de Piauí comme la littérature et le folklore produits alors, cherchant à rapporter telles discours avec les pratiques et intérêts politiques qui ont concouru pour la « nordestinization » de Piauí. Parmi ces discours et dans dialogue avec eux, nous prenons centralement l'oeuvre du juge et ecrivain João Nonon de Moura Fontes Ibiapina, emisseur de signes qui apparaît en ce moment. Notre objectif est discuter les images élaborées sur Piauí et son inclusion dans les stéréotypes cristallisés de Nordeste, comme la pauvreté et la nécessité, la vie dans le champs et la prédominance d'une « culture populaire » régionale. Dans une période d'importantes mutations dans la société brésilienne, dans la production culturelle, dans heurtes régionalistes Nordeste et dans les formes de penser et pratiquer les espaces, les intellectuels de Piauí que nous étudions ont essayé de recouvrir de mots et de sens la noirceur et l'incommode silence concernant le Piauí dans la Nation bresilienne, quand le déparment s'intégrait, au moyen de la Région, au Brésil urbain et industrialisé

Nos tempos do blackout: cena musical, práticas urbanas e a ressignificação da Rua Chile, Natal-RN

This study aims to analyze the process of resignification of Chile Street, in Natal, from the development of a music scene in the late 1990s. Chile Street, as part of the Historic Centre of Natal, had its images constructed from the discursive practices and everyday life of its regular visitors, leading to a series of symbolic and imaging transformations throughout the twentieth century. Initially transformed into glamorous space as a result of urban actions of the new republic of Albuquerque Maranhão, in the early twentieth century, Ribeira and Chile Street, specifically, came to be seen as bohemian area, during the war time"; followed by a marginal phase, it was eventually transformed into the main rocker area of Natal, with the development of a musical scene in the second half of the 1990s. This music scene, its practices, economic interests, cultural events and identity ties created among their practitioners made Chile Street, "in the time of Blackout night club", an "alternative" space. As the historic centers, inserted in the logic of postmodern city marketing, both spaces are dynamic in their practices, as in their images, Chile Street also suffered changes in its meanings and symbols, around the year 2000 when the alternative-underground space became a pop space, where people from various parts of the city began attending its events and places, transforming it into a point of very heterogeneous sociability

Revisitando o eletrocorticograma intra-operatório na epilepsia mesial do lobo temporal: relevância das oscilações de alta frequência

Epilepsies are neurological disorders characterized by recurrent and spontaneous seizures due to an abnormal electric activity in a brain network. The mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adulthood, and it occurs frequently in association with hippocampal sclerosis. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from pharmacological treatment (drug-resistant patients), and therefore become candidates for surgery, a procedure of high complexity and cost. Nowadays, the most common surgery is the anterior temporal lobectomy with selective amygdalohippocampectomy, a procedure standardized by anatomical markers. However, part of patients still present seizure after the procedure. Then, to increase the efficiency of this kind of procedure, it is fundamental to know the epileptic human brain in order to create new tools for auxiliary an individualized surgery procedure. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the occurrence of epilepticform activity -such as interictal spikes (IS) and high frequency oscillations (HFO) - in electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals acutely recorded during the surgery procedure in drug-resistant patients with MTLE. The ECoG recording (32 channels at sample rate of 1 kHz) was performed in the surface of temporal lobe in three moments: without any cortical resection, after anterior temporal lobectomy and after amygdalohippocampectomy (mean duration of each record: 10 min; N = 17 patients; ethic approval #1038/03 in Research Ethic Committee of Federal University of São Paulo). The occurrence of IS and HFO was quantified automatically by MATLAB routines and validated manually. The events rate (number of events/channels) in each recording time was correlated with seizure control outcome. In 8 hours and 40 minutes of record, we identified 36,858 IS and 1.756 HFO. We observed that seizure-free outcome patients had more HFO rate before the resection than non-seizure free, however do not differentiate in relation of frequency, morphology and distribution of IS. The HFO rate in the first record was better than IS rate on prediction of seizure-free patients (IS: AUC = 57%, Sens = 70%, Spec = 71% vs HFO: AUC = 77%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 70%). We observed the same for the difference of the rate of pre and post-resection (IS: AUC = 54%, Sens = 60%, Spec = 71%; vs HFO: AUC = 84%, Sens = 100%, Spec = 80%). In this case, the algorithm identifies all seizure-free patients (N = 7) with two false positives. To conclude, we observed that the IS and HFO can be found in intra-operative ECoG record, despite the anesthesia and the short time of record. The possibility to classify the patients before any cortical resection suggest that ECoG can be important to decide the use of adjuvant pharmacological treatment or to change for tailored resection procedure. The mechanism responsible for this effect is still unknown, thus more studies are necessary to clarify the processes related to it

Cuidado ambiental em tempos de sustentabilidade: explorando dimensões da conduta sustentável com estudantes universitários

The pro-ecological commitment (CPE) constitutes an important topic within Person- Environment Studies, here seen as a predisposition to practices that result in environmental protection. Under the framework of sustainability, the concept of sustainable behavior emerges, covering, in addition to CPE, new psychological dimensions such as: the future time perspective (PTF) and the ecological worldviews (VEM). The current study intended to explore the concept of sustainable behavior of university students, by means of the association among some of its dimensions: CPE, PTF and VEM. For this purpose, 380 undergraduate students of biology, ecology, nursing, geography, and social service answered a form containing: socio-demographic questionnaire, a question on self-assessment of environmental care, the Scale of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalisms, the Scale Consideration of Future Consequences, and the Scale Ecological Worldviews. Based on descriptive and correlational procedures, it was found that 78% of the participants practice or have practiced environmental care (caregivers) and the spread of information has been the practice more frequently reported, and the source of influence for such practices were the school, social networks, and the contact with nature It was also observed the association between practice of environmental care and ecocentric environmentalism, consideration of future consequences and egalitarian worldview (worldview of fragile nature). The lack of environmental care was associated with anthropocentric environmentalism, apathy, and individualistic worldview (worldview of passivity). As expected, and suggested by the literature, positive association were found between the sustainable behavior dimensions investigated in this study and the practice of environmental care