Trissoralen um medicamento de baixa dosagem: estudos termoanalíticos da compatibilidade do fármaco-excipientes e determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para cápsulas magistrais

The trioxsalen (Tri) is a low-dose drug used in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases. The aim of the study was applying the thermal analysis and complementary techniques for characterization, evaluation of the trioxsalen stability and components of manipulated pharmaceutical formulations. The thermal behavior of the Tri by TG/DTG-DTA in dynamic atmosphere of synthetic air and nitrogen showed the same profile with a melting peak followed by a volatilization-related event. From the curves TG / DTG is observed a single stage of mass loss. By heating the drug in the stove at temperatures of 80, 240 and 260 °C, it had no change in chemical structure through the techniques of XRD, HPLC, MIR, OM and SEM. From the non-isothermal and isothermal TG kinetic studies was possible to calculate the activation energy and reaction order for the Tri. The drug showed good thermal stability. Studies on drug-excipient compatibility showed interaction of trissoralen with sodium lauryl sulfate 1:1. There was no interaction with aerosol, pregelatinized starch, sodium starch glycolate, cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, lactose and mannitol.The characterization of three trioxsalen formulations at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 mg was performed by DSC, TG / DTG, XRD, NIR and MIR. The PCA classification method based on spectral data from the NIR and MIR of trissoralen formulations allows successful differentiation into three groups. The formulation 3 was the one that best showed analytical profile with the following composition of aerosil excipients, pre-gelatinized starch and cellulose. The activation energy of the volatilization process of the drug was determined in binary mixtures and formulation 3 through fitting and isoconversional methods. The binary mixture with sodium starch glycolate and lactose showed differences in kinetic parameters compared to the drug isolated. The thermoanalytical techniques (DSC and TG / DTG) were shown to be promising methodologies for quantifying trioxsalen obtained by the linearity, selectivity, no use solvents, without sample preparation, speed and practicality.

Anemômetro ultrassônico baseado em sensor de distância

In this work we propose the development of an ultrasonic anemometer using distance sensors. The wind is an important tool for studying the dynamics of the atmosphere, changes in climate and agricultural crops meteorological variable. Thus it is necessary advances in studies that provide increasingly characterizing the behavior of the wind. Currently there are several types of anemometers to measure wind speed, among which stands out due to the ultrasonic anemometer accuracy in measurements. But this device has a high cost difficult to use. Therefore, we sought to lower the cost of the ultrasonic anemometer, developing an apparatus capable of measuring wind velocity using distance sensors. In this type of anemometer wind speed is measured based on the transit time of the ultrasonic pulse, in this same distance sensors to space technique measures. Here various assemblies seeking the best configuration which could use the distance sensor to measure wind speed were made. Arrangements bulkhead and separate transducers are examples of worked assemblies that will be detailed in chapter 3. With the measures collected (with and without wind) histograms, which show the distribution of records transit time of the sound wave for each case were generated. Two of the studied configurations show favorable results regarding the use of the distance sensor as the wind speed.

Protótipo de rastreador solar de um eixo baseado em microcontrolador

The increase in the efficiency of photo-voltaic systems has been the object of various studies the past few years. One possible way to increase the power extracted by a photovoltaic panel is the solar tracking, performing its movement in order to follow the sun’s path. One way to activate the tracking system is using an electric induction motor, which should have sufficient torque and low speed, ensuring tracking accuracy. With the use of voltage source inverters and logic devices that generate the appropriate switching is possible to obtain the torque and speed required for the system to operate. This paper proposes the implementation of a angular position sensor and a driver to be applied in solar tracker built at a Power Electronics and Renewable Energies Laboratory, located in UFRN. The speed variation of the motor is performed via a voltage source inverter whose PWM command to actuate their keys will be implemented in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device and a TM4C microcontroller. A platform test with an AC induction machine of 1.5 CV was assembled for the comparative testing. The angular position sensor of the panel is implemented in a ATMega328 microcontroller coupled to an accelerometer, commanded by an Arduino prototyping board. The solar position is also calculated by the microcontroller from the geographic coordinates of the site where it was placed, and the local time and date obtained from an RTC (Real-Time Clock) device. A prototype of a solar tracker polar axis moved by a DC motor was assembled to certify the operation of the sensor and to check the tracking efficiency.