Uma metodologia para redução de incertezas em sistema de medição de vazão de óleo e gás

The objective of this research is to discuss about the need for implementation of new alternatives for the implementation on the metrological control: on the findings of initial and subsequent measurements, the control procedures of measurement uncertainty applied in assessing the loss or remains found in handling operations of bulk liquids, when used turbine meters used in measuring the tax on the business of Petrobras, due to the current environment of legal metrology and scientific, both domestic and international. We aim, with these alternatives: standardizing the minimization of random and systematic errors, the estimate of the remaining errors, as well as the management control of metrological calibration procedures, control of measurement uncertainty, and contribute to the change in the form of performance of legal metrology and scientific disseminating new information to change management of metrological control, objectively focused on aspects of supervision in implementing these activities in the control of the uncertainties of measurement used in our processes in the fiscal measurement system Petrobras. Results are presented, information and comments on the influence of measurement uncertainty in the current results of the fiscal and transfer of custody. This will emphasize the need, among other things, improvement and expansion of metrological control monitored by setting a better meet demand, calibration equipment and measuring instruments for Petrobras. Finally, we intend to establish the need for improving the method of evaluation of the data meter applied to the current management control of measurement uncertainty by proposing a methodology for addressing the problem, as well as highlighting the expected results.

Medida indireta de temperatura de corpos imersos em plasma

O gradiente térmico da superfície para o interior do sólido depende da taxa de colisões das partículas e da condutividade térmica do material utilizado. Quando um sólido é imerso em plasma, a transferência de energia ocorre por radiação e colisões das partículas sobre a superfície do material. Dependendo da taxa de colisões das particulas e da condutividade térmica do sólido existirão gradientes térmicos da superfície para o interior das amostras, ocorrendo picos térmicos na superficie, ou seja, o aquecimento pontual nas regiões de colisões. A fim de estudar esse efeito, amostras de aço rápido AISI M35 cujos valores de dureza são fortemente sensíveis à temperatura de revenimento, foram utilizadas como micro sensores térmicos. Amostras foram temperadas em forno resistivo e, em seguida, parte das mesmas foram revenidas em forno resistivo e a outra parte em plasma. A partir do gráfico da dureza (Hv) em função da temperatura (T) das amostras revenidas em forno resistivo foi possível obter uma função Hv(T) para determinação indireta do perfil térmico das amostras tratadas em plasma. As amostras foram revenidas em plasma utilizando temperatura de referência igual a 550 oC. Em seguida foi obtido o perfil de dureza dessas amostras ao longo da seção transversal e, subsequentemente, o perfil de temperatura. Verificou-se que amostras tratadas em plasma, ao contrário daquelas tratadas em forno resistivo, apresentaram gradiente de temperatura da superfície para o núcleo. Além disso, verificou-se que as amostras tratadas em configuração planar apresentaram gradientes térmicos inferiores àquelas tratadas em configuração cátodo oco, variando de 20 a 120 °C, respectivamente

Uma proposta de ensino para o nível fundamental a partir das concepções sobre insetos

O presente trabalho consiste em uma investigação acerca das concepções de estudantes sobre o que é um inseto. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que os alunos expressam concepções errôneas no momento de identificar os representantes do táxon Insecta e que isso é consequência das experiências do cotidiano e de erros conceituais oriundos da formação escolar incorreta. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar sobre concepções alternativas acerca dos insetos com alunos do ensino fundamental II e propor situações para promoção de uma aprendizagem mais ativa. Os dados para analise foram coletados em três turmas de escolas diferentes: uma escola em Nova Parnamirim, da rede privada, e duas da rede pública municipal de ensino: uma do município de Natal/RN e a outra do município de Parnamirim/RN. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário aplicado em duas fases. Na primeira etapa foram feitas três questões abertas e duas fechadas. Na segunda, aplicaram-se mais três questões. Nesta oportunidade foram apresentados aos alunos uma lista com imagens de insetos e animais considerados não insetos. Os resultados dos questionários mostraram que os alunos apresentaram na sua maioria, 62%, sentimentos negativos sobre os insetos, expressos por palavras depreciativas, entre elas: nojentos, feios, asquerosos, perigosos, sendo estes mais da metade dos alunos da amostra. Sentimentos positivos representaram 20%: fazem bem ao homem, Deus criou, são bons, são bonitos, e 18% apresentaram neutralidade nessas categorias. Outro resultado apresentado foi que 82% generalizaram os animais artrópodes como sendo insetos. Como forma de resolver problemas relacionados as concepções uma unidade didática foi aplicada em uma das escolas envolvidas na pesquisa, validando assim um instrumento pedagógico que incluiu atividade lúdica constituída de um jogo de tabuleiro proporcionador de uma vivência de aprendizagem focada em conceitos científicos sobre os insetos fáceis de serem apreendidos

Um olhar sobre as veredas rosianas.

The present work objective to study the configurations that the hinterland it acquires in the workmanship Great hinterland: trails, of Guimarães Rosa demonstrating as this author humanize this element, conferring to it characters universal mystics and through investigations, uncertainties, the auto-corrections of Riobaldo that become hinterland a metaphor of the human interior. Three are the chapters, that they will guide this work: the chapter 1 presents as element key for characterization of the epic one in Great hinterland: trails, the mining hinterland replete of trails, palco of exuberant vegetation, huge and multidimensional scene, where it has an entrecruzamento of fiction and reality. It retakes quarrel of critics as Manuel Cavalcanti Proença, Roberto Schwarz, on the existing epic character in the Great hinterland: trails, constructed from deriving myths of the universal culture, that they had been become popular. The brave and gracious knight, that it has its representabilidade in the popular culture. Thus the medieval hero, the knight represented for the Riobaldo personage, it is cognominado by Proença as Don Riobaldo of the Urucuia, knight of the general fields. O chapter 2 is a study on the popular culture in Rosa and Cascudo. Cascudo the example of Rosa also is exímio studious of the brazilian life, the regionalization and the popular manifestations proceeding from other cultures. O chapter 3 it has as focus of analysis two mitopoéticas personages: Diadorim e Luzia-Homem, which in the cited narratives they generally they assume functions generally atribute the men. Since children, if they dresses male. Valley to point out that Diadorim is not characterized as man, since in Great hinterland:trails if trajaq always as gunman. Luzia, when complete 18 anos pass if to dress as woman, but the stigma of male and female, inherited of the time where it coexisted the father folloies it for all the life. They suffer pain to have been born to fight and to não conhecer to love. They die you deliver the God. This study detects exactly that Diadorim and Luzia-Homem, are personages associates the myths of the universal culture and popular (sphinx, Jellyfish, Venus, Mother d water), that they possess similarities n the archetypes, that transit between the sexos masculine and feminine, without any sexual connotation, possesss it proper code of honr, of this not abdicating ahead of the death. Parallel, in this chapter two cascudianas workmanships willbe studies, that contemplate thematic of the dressed woman of man and being the woman without disguice: the enchantment tale Maria Gomes and romance Flower of tragics romances. The first one will be revisited in order to present subject in Great hinterland:trails through the Diadorim personage. As it will discourse on cases of brave women, cited for Cascudo, immortalized for the tradition, who had made history, that already is not disfarçam of men to carry through acts of bravery and honor.

Vaga-lume na treva: a poesia de João Lins Caldas

This thesis analyses the poetry of João Lins Caldas (1888-1967), in Brazilian literature context, aiming at describing and understanding the main features of his poetry. Thus, this research presents a corpus to be worked on: the poems in Poeira do céu e outros poemas (2009). Our study is characterized by a biographical, historiographical and critical tendency, by trying to organize the manuscripts of the author and biographical aspects while analyzing his poems. It is showed the relation between Brazilian poetry written by some authors, since the parnasianism and symbolism period until the twentieth century. On the one hand, our analysis is based on the ideas and criticism by Antonio Candido (2006; 2002; 1985), discussing the process of formation of Brazilian literature and the procedure to analyse poetry. It is also based on the concept of poetry and resistance, developed by Alfredo Bosi (2000; 2002), and the notion of Brazilian matter, identified by Roberto Schwarz (1987, 1997, 1999). On the other hand, this work focuses on melancholy under the theoretical ideas of authors such as Aristotle (1998), Walter Benjamin (1984), Jaime Ginzburg (1997) and Moacyr Scliar (2003). This focus on melancholy contributes to a better understanding of one of the main themes found in the poems analysed. By studying the poetry of João Lins Caldas, it was perceived the relevance of melancholy and resistance in his verses. This can be seen in his dissonant language, characterized by the broken syntax in his verses, as well as contradictory images and complex meanings in his poetry. This causes the effect of unfamiliarity on the reader. His poetry is the result of a style that finds its place in the best moment of modern Brazilian poetry and reveals its singularity through the inverted syntax with powerful themes such as love, death, pain, delusion, loss, memory, nature and God. All of them are aspects of Brazilian historicity. Finally, the work of João Lins Caldas is part of a multifaceted poetry

Entre o sagrado e o profano: os efeitos de sentido revelados nos testemunhos de um blog evangélico

The testimonial is a way of statement that demonstrates or admit the existence of a reality with which the enunciator has contacted. This is, thus, pushed to say what he saw, heard or touched. In this paper, we verified the effects of senses produced in the blog of Bishop Macedo, founder of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG), from a corpus which consists of nine testimonies of presumed believersselected among 64 statements distributed during the year, 2012. Instead of instantaneous testimonials, on a live presentation, these media narratives are underpinned by attributes such as hyperlinks, visuals, language translators, besides mechanisms of interaction and sharing in other spheres from mediatic slant. The problem of this analysis was born from the observation of regular points in the discursive architecture of these testimonials, when was identified the existing relation force between the sacred and the profane, everyday practices. During six months, analysis of the empirical material, we found some effects of the senses on the testimonials, as the dialectic structure and the need for denuding a precarious past, an engagement to shield the figure of Macedo and the UCKG towards society; a update of a crusade against other religions; and the presence of certain sensuality in self-deprecation of the deponents, and an unequal relation of forces (sacred and profane) in the construction of truth. In order of succeeding in this investigation, we used the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Analysis of French Discourse (AD), denouncing the qualitative nature of the research. As a methodological principle, we still use transdisciplinarity, which validated some of our dialogues, especially with philosophy. The conception of discourse modeled by a media support and transpassed by the subject(s) and story (ies) characterized the perspective of the research

Hermenêutica existencial em Agostinho de Hipona e Martin Heidegger

The thesis presents interpretations of Augustine of Hippo with regard to the first three chapters of genesis, the first book of the Bible. These interpretation are found in the works Literal Commentary on Genesis, concerning Genesis Against the Manicheans, Literal Commentary on Genesis, Unfinished, Books Xi-XIII of the Confessions, as well a brief exposition in Books XI-XIV of the City of God. Exposition of these Augustinian Commentaries seeks to demonstrate various interpretations made by author in one group of texts revealing a hermeneutics centered in the interpreter and not in established interpretive rules. In sequence there is described succinctly the evolution of textual hermeneutics during the modern period up to the reflections conducted by Martin Heidegger in the first half of the twenties. Based in Heidegger s existential commentaries on the Pauline Epistles (Galatians and I-II Thessalonians) and on the tenth Book of the Confessions, there is shown a return to a interpreter-based hermeneutics, such as practiced by Augustine. The concern manifested by Heidegger with regard to given bases foundations, existent in Dasein, foundations which can influence self-comprehension, constitute themselves in possibilities of explication as much for Augustinian interpretive variations, as for the existential approach applied by Heidegger to the Pauline epistles and Augustine s text

Metafísica e moralidade na filosofia de Schopenhauer

This work posits a mutual implication between metaphysics and morality in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and seeks to clarify the many nuances that take place in this relation. Each chapter offers a perspective in which the relation between metaphysics and morality can be addressed. Thus, by exposing some important aspects of representation theory of Schopenhauer, we try, in the first chapter, explain the relationship between his idealism and his conception of morality; in the second chapter, the determinism present both in nature and in moral actions, determinism that establishes the relationship between morality and metaphysics through the very notion of a metaphysical nature; in the third chapter, relationship between metaphysics and morality that takes place through the notion of freedom as denial of the previous determinism, freedom possible to the genius, to the saint and to the ascetic. All of these perspectives, however, presuppose the distinction between phenomenon and thing-initself, figuring this distinction as crucial in building of this metaphysic that seeks to protect the moral significance of the world while denying the existence of God

O conceito de participação em João Escoto Eriúgena

This thesis aims at studying the concept of participation according to John Scotus Eriugena. The development of our research is based on an identification of Eriugena s sources, investigating the concept of participation since Dyonisus and the Greek Christian fathers, until the Periphyseon. To Eriúgena, the terms that are brought together in participation God, causes, and effects are, while everything that falls out of participation is not. Leaning on his understanding of the relation between cause and effect, according to which the effects participate in the cause and somehow are contained in it, he told us that all things and beings subsist eternally in God, and that God can signify Himself through the created things and beings. To Eriugena, creatures exist because they participate in the Divine Nature and receive their being from It, for nothing truly exists outside of It.

Niilismo e técnica: a caminho da ultrapassagem

Pour formuler une discussion sur le nihilisme, l'enquête sur le premier chapitre examine les preuves historiques et philosophiques de montrer que la réflexion sur le nihilisme comme un problème philosophique, suite à l'analyse et la critique du philosophe Friedrich Nietzsche à partir des principaux concepts au sein de son travail: décrépitude, la mort de Dieu, la dévaluation des valeurs, transvaluation des valeurs, volonté de puissance et éternel retour, ils sont quelques-uns des concepts et servir de cadre au point critique de la métaphysique. Le deuxième chapitre est une analyse des idées qui ont émergé de la lecture de Nietzsche qui sont développées entre le philosophe Martin Heidegger et Ernst Jünger. Un dialogue qui limite le nihilisme et ses ramifications pour l'ère de la technique, et finalement vaincre leur pensée ou dépassement.

Vida sem-porquê em Mestre Eckhart : desprendimento e cotidiano

Diese Masterthese beschäftigt sich mit der Erforschung der Frage nach dem Begriff Leben ohne Warum basierend auf den Werken des Meisters Eckhart, genauer gesagt, auf den Deutschen Predigten , auf Das Buch der göttlichen Tröstung , Von dem edlen Menschen , Die Reden der Unterweisung und Von Abgeschiedenheit . Bei der Theorie der Abgeschiedenheit versucht man die Idee des Lebens ohne warum zu verstehen und zu zeigen, die Gott und der Mensch ent-decken kann. So wird erstmals eine Reflexion darüber beschrieben, was Abgeschiedenheit ist, und zwar mittels dreier Dimensionen: Ontik, Ontologisch und Mystik. Die Ontik der absoluten Armut fordert eine Analyse der Ontologie aller Ontik und das bedeutet nach Eckhart das Gotteswesen in seiner Gottheit, die unbegreifbar für den Menschen ist. Unterdessen bringt die Analyse des Wesens Gottes des Menschenlebens wieder die Einheit zwischen dem Ontischen und dem Ontologischen in der Welt. Die mystische Dimension begründet diese Einheit als Absolutum ohne Warum . Aber die Möglichkeit des Sprechens und des Denkens über die Abgeschiedenheit führt zum erfüllten Leben. Es gibt keine endgültige Predigt, keine wundersame Methode, keinen bekannten Weg oder keine leistungsfähige Strategie dafür nur in der Vollendung des Lebens ist es möglich, die subtile Äusserung von Gott, die uns entgeht, zu empfinden. Um diese Erfüllung zu erklären und die Lebensbedeutung als ohne Warum zu verstehen, untersucht diese Masterthese unter vier Perspektiven: arché und telos des Lebens, die Zeit unter dem Begriff des nun, das verbum und das ego sum qui sum, was das Leben als ohne Warum beweist und die Beharrlichkeit in der täglich von der Welt verstandenen Transzendenz. Es ist schwierig die Tiefe des Leben-ohne-Warum-Begriffs von Meister Eckhart auszudrücken, weil seine ganze Bemühung darin besteht, die Kräfte dieser Ent-deckung vor einer begrenzten Bestimmung zu schützen. Und in dieser Hinsicht öffnet er einen neuen Horizont für den Grund des Lebens. Es gibt keine Routine und Determination bei Meister Eckhart. Alles, was ist, spiegelt das Außerordentliche, seine dringende Absicht ist die Widerherstellung der Einheit mit dem Gegenwärtigen, mit dem Wesentlichen, mit dem Leben im Alltag ohne Warum

O entardecer de uma era: técnica, poesia e pensamento em Heidegger

The thinking dialog between Heidegger s philosophy and the poetry of Hölderlin and Rilke must be dealt in language s domains. The difficulty to establish this dialog comes from the man in itself, unable to think out of the understructure of science and the modern technique. The poetic language was forgotten or ignored, turning itself obsolete in front of improvements and resources of the technique. Heidegger searches the essences to the poetry so may it be comprehended in its plenitude for the man. Technique, poetry and existence must be pronounced and investigated so the being shows itself again. To Heidegger, the man lives in a period of uncertainty due finding himself at the sunset of age. The uncertainty generates the poverty and the night of world represents the absence of god and original truth. Only with the fundamental comprehension of poetry, the man of today can project himself to the future not anymore as technique product, but with freedom to choose. The message of poetry of Hölderlin and Rilke, according to Heidegger s interpretation, transmits an alert to the contemporary man against the coming danger in his maintained relation with nature. The purpose of the following work is to build this thinking dialog, without disfigure the poetry, but taking approach over its essence, so from there to remove its true existential value.

A metafísica de Isaac Newton

The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the metaphysical aspects of "rational mechanics" of Isaac Newton, clarifying, by scientific and philosophical discourse, their main elements, with emphasis to the presence of one entity infinitely rational behind all the phenomena of nature, and to the Newton's insight as certain empiricist which, however, accepts deductions metaphysics; a philosopher-scientist. The specific objectives are detailed below: a) brief presentation of the development of modern science, since the Pre-Socratics, seeking to understand the historical conjecture that enabled the rise of Newtonian mechanics; b) presentation of the elements of scientific methodology and philosophical, aimed at comprehension of certain "Newtonian methodology", understanding how this specific methodology able to present empirical aspects, mathematics, philosophic and religious in communion; c) to understand, from the Newtonian concepts, both concerning man's role in the world as the "notional notions" of mass, space, time and movement, necessary for analysis and understanding of certain metaphysical aspects in the Newtonian physics; d) to present the Newtonian concepts related to the ether, to understand why it necessarily assumes metaphysics characteristics and mediation between the bodies; e) to present and understand the factors that lead the empiricist Newton to assume the religion in his mechanics, as well as, the existence and functions of God in nature, to object to the higher content of his metaphysics; f) to highlight the metaphysical elements of his classical mechanics, that confirm the presence of concepts like God Creator and Preserver of the natural laws; g) at last, to analyze the importance of Newton to the modern metaphysics and the legacy to philosophy of science at sec. XVII to science contemporary

Palavras da maldição: O Ceará de José Alcides Pinto entre símbolos e alegorias.

This work treats about the speeches that produced the crisis of symbols of Ceará, researching on matters and ways of expression of space between 1950s and 1970s. Therefore, we search discursive practices that since the end of nineteenth century built the identity of Ceará and in the middle of twentieth century produced the crisis of modes of seeing and telling the space in front of enunciations of the national modernization, especially with the emergence of politics by SUDENE to the Northeast, the progressive actions by Catholic Church, the defense of tradition by regional literature of union of Ceará Clã. The contradictions between the glorification and fear the modernization of Brazil produced on the space speeches that his identity would be fractured, that the old symbols of drought, cangaço, mysticism and colonels declined. Among analyzed speeches, we centered the analysis of Trilogia da Maldição formed of novels O Dragão, of 1964, Os Verdes Abutres da Colina and João Pinto de Maria: a biografia de um louco by José Alcides Pinto. In this novel, the enunciation of the crisis of symbologies about the space produced another aesthetic, the allegory, which, mixed with the mystical and melancholy, in search of ways to restore the language of the old themes Ceará, drop of Ceará the same stigma of anti-modern space, where the images of delay changed icons of a fractured identity in front of the modern streams, where the word was transformed in the dimension precarious and redeemer of the tradition, of old, of nature, of the plenitude of senses. In Jose Alcides, the colonel returns as the origin of the lost space, the drought is the revolt of God against the devil place, the apocalypse, the end imminent threat to the village, signs that fantastic, however, are in dialogue with the settings space and time in which they were produced

Clarissimo speculo bonitatis Dei : o mundo de Tomás de Celano e a sua leitura de mundus

The aim of this study is to understand the version of St. Francis of Assisi created by Friar Thomas of Celano in his hagiographic works. That study also it examines how the Order of Friars Minor and the Papacy have understood the relationship between Christians and the world and turned thisunderstanding in a version of the Saint. Factors such as the replacement of Neoplatonism byAristotelianism as philosophical paradigm and economic and social changes have contributed to change the interpretation of the biblical mandate to not love the world , no longer interpreted as materiality, but as an order for Christians to flee sin. The rejection of the world was replaced by a greater appreciation of nature and society. Moreover, increasingly, the body went from enemy to friend, becoming the brotherbody. Such analysis is important to review the idea, so common in the historiography of what MaxWeber called Worldly Asceticism, the Christian life lived in society, only emerged in Protestantism in opposition to monasticism. The mendicant orders, especially the minority tried during the thirteenth century, the period of analysis of this work, experience the loving nature of Christianity and acting,through preaching and charity in the cities.To make this work, were analyzed the hagiographic discourse (on San Francisco) made by Thomas of Celano, Vita beati Francisci (called Vita Prima) and Memorial in desideiro anime (named Vita Secunda) and, from this, understand the Celano´s interpretation on how it should be the Christian's relationship with the world. The world ceased to be adistorted reflection of a perfect reality, becoming the perfect reflection of God's goodness.