Compreendendo a dança do Torém: visões de folclore, ritual e tradição entre os Tremembé do Ceará

Este artigo pretende discutir as mudanças históricas e culturais que têm afetado o torém, a dança específica mantida pelos Tremembé do estado do Ceará. Ainda que o torém tenha sido referido em registros históricos desde o século dezenove, ele tem sido objeto de apreciações e percepções diversas por muitos grupos sociais. Índios, pesquisadores, missionários e agentes do Estado têm tido diferentes posições, às vezes contraditórias, sobre a dança. Um de meus principais objetivos é entender como o torém tem sido progressivamente objetificado por idéias de folclore, etnicidade e política a partir dos contextos históricos específicos nos quais eles devem ser situados. Preocupações antropológicas sobre a experiência da etnicidade são relacionadas a elementos particulares da dança, especialmente os significados do vestuário, da música e da performance.

Identidade em Caucaia: etnografia e vicissitudes de uma perícia antropológica

Esse artigo analisa a perícia e o laudo antropológico realizados entre os índios Tapeba do município de Caucaia, área metropolitana de Fortaleza (Ceará). Discuto as diversas circunstâncias e as condições sociais de possibilidade que levaram a esse trabalho. Enfoco as várias questões sociais e culturais, além de políticas, que trataram dos usos e efeitos da história, da performatividade das tradições e das lutas da identidade, envolvendo diretamente esse grupo étnico numa ação judicial recente

Dimensões do Urbano: o que as narrativas indígenas revelam sobre a cidade? considerações dos Baré sobre Manaus, AM.

Propõe-se discutir, ainda que inicialmente, as dinâmicas de inserção de indígenas em cidades brasileiras e refletir acerca de suas percepções sobre o espaço urbano. O foco recai sobre o contexto amazônico (particularmente, a cidade de Manaus) e apresenta as percepções de um grupo de índiosBarésobre o lugar. Demonstro como, a despeito das desigualdades sociais no que tange ao acesso a direitos elementares e das formas de violência a qual estão submetidos, os Baréconstroem de modo singular seu cotidiano na cidade, cabendo reconhecer seu papel de agência nesse processo

Interpretando direitos e incorporando novas agências: o reconhecimento da Terra Indígena Las Casas, PA, e as perspectivas caiapó sobre esse processo

O artigo trata do processo de retomada e reconhecimento da Terra Indígena Las Casas, PA, de ocupação tradicional dos índios caiapó. O intuito é mostrar que os Caiapó interpretam esse evento, que é também jurídico e administrativo, a partir de suas próprias ló- gicas culturais, a ele incorporando novas agências e visões de mundo

Zoneamento ambiental do Município de Aquiraz-CE

The Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (RMF) is composed by thirteen cities, where is call the attention of Aquiraz. The city has a excellent resort area and a big importance in socioculture and historics aspects. It was one of the first village of Ceará, and it was founded in 1699, with was also the capital of the state until 1726. The urban local development has been disorganized in the last decades, the fact is, insert of turismon in its coast, and it is unable with alow capacity of the natural suppots, configuring unsustainable and et environment ambience. Considering as a turistic region, it is preoccupy, been necessart to create a better control of the nature of the region by the users. The environmental zoning in this work it is to plan of adequate form the use of the ground based in the management of the interests and the social and economic necessities in accord with the preservation of the environment and the natural characteristics of the city. The same is one great instrument planning where use to be analized in differents ways: social, ambiental, economical and institucional, and promove alternatives of use and occupation of the land to recreate the city. The methodo used to get the real objective, englobed zonal maps in ambiental unities and others themes (geologic/geomorphologic) since than the images from satelities LANDSAT and SPOT and fotografies under position of maps, secundaries listes gets in publics department, bibliographie, informations by the local populations. This prociduries mede easy to create maps, geologic/geomorphologic, of use and occupation the earth and the environmental zoning to analize the dynamic and the working of each ambiental unity of the city Aquiraz wich is located by map of this job. As a result of this job was confectionated the environmental zoning map of Aquiraz wich was divided in five ambiental unities and restrictions areas of occupation: unit I Littoral Plain (zoning with serious restrictions to the occupation); unit II Sub-Littoral Plain (improper zoning to the occupation); unit III between tray zoning Pré-Littoral and Peripheral Depression (improper zoning to the occupation); unit IV Strativism reserve of the plug (zoning used more under control in its occupation) and unit V Fluvial Plain Localities of the Indians Jenipapo-Kaninde/ locality Quilombolas (zoning used more without official regulation). With proposal in the ambient units above one expects that it has a reduction of the ambient degradation and protection of the local biodiversity of the city of Aquiraz in the State of the Ceará

Entre veados, carneiros e formigas: conflito pela posse de terra na ribeira do Ceará-Mirim, e concepções de mentalidade possessória, 1725-1761

Shaping the Luso-Brazilian space in Portuguese America was through constant conflicts between different individuals and institutions. Regarding to land ownership, such conflicts were aggravated, depending on the individuals involved and their context. The captaincy of Rio Grande, there is conflict over land ownership Cidade dos Veados and Olho d' Água Azul and its stakeholders: priests of the Society of missionaries of the village Guajiru; indian mission Guajiru; and members of Carneiro da Cunha family. In 1725, the jesuit mission Guajiru requested a league of land at a place called Cidade dos Veados for the indians of his mission claiming that the land that the mission had was not sufficient for the subsistence of the same. In 1727, priest requested another league of land in place Olho d'Água Azul, stating that the mission had more than 192 couples. Both lands were properly required for the mission guajiru. however, in 1760, with the changes imposed by the indian directorate ombudsman responsible for investigating indigenous possessions realized that the indians did not occupy the two lands requested in the 1720s , due to the fact João Carneiro da Cunha has taken possession of the same. As a result, the impasse over land are ligth. This conflict over land ownership Cidade dos Veados and Olho d'Água Azul, we intend to highlight in particular the motivations and mindsets about possessory property of each party involved. We seek to understand the motivations of each group involved allowed the use of specific strategies and set out to try to take possession of the lands of the Cidade dos Veados e Olho d'Água Azul

Ações de promoção em saúde bucal: um estudo com o povo indígena Tremembé, CE

Este trabalho aborda ações de promoção em saúde desenvolcidas no Projeto de Saúde Bucal com Povo Indígena Tremembé, Ceará, viabilizadas por uma parceria da Igreja Metodista, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP). Pretendeu contribuir para a melhoria na qualidade da saúde bucal Tremembé valorizando etnoconhecimentos e saúde integral. A atuação priorizou Ações de Educação e Saúde utilizando um Levantamento Epidemiológico para o diagnóstico situacional de cárie e planejamento, e contemplou o Atendimento Odontológico. Nas Ações de Educação em Saúde utilizou-se a pedagogia da problematização através de Oficinas de Preservação em Saúde resultando na produção da Cartilha de Saúde Bucal Tremembé. Os dados epidemiológicos, com 102 indivíduos, obtidos através do índice CPO-D (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) foram organizados pelo programa Epi Info 6.04, em 4 grupos etários (até 24; 25-34; 35-44; 45›) resultando em médias que variaram de 9,5 a 20,9 respectivamente, evidenciando precária situação de saúde bucal. As ações de promoção em saúde contribuíram para consciência sanitária, no sentido da reivindicação dos direitos à saúde representada como um exercício da cidadania, bem como na busca pela autonomia em relação à prevenção de doenças bucais entre os Tremembé.

O argumento de inclusão enquanto política de acesso à universidade pública

There are a great number of evidences showing that education is extremely important in many economic and social dimensions. In Brazil, education is a right guaranteed by the Federal Constitution; however, in the Brazilian legislation the right to the three stages of basic education: Kindergarten, Elementary and High School is better promoted and supported than the right to education at College level. According to educational census data (INEP, 2009), 78% of all enrolments in College education are in private schools, while the reverse is found in High School: 84% of all matriculations are in public schools, which shows a contradiction in the admission into the universities. The Brazilian scenario presents that public universities receive mostly students who performed better and were prepared in elementary and high school education in private schools, while private universities attend students who received their basic education in public schools, which are characterized as low quality. These facts have led researchers to raise the possible determinants of student performance on standardized tests, such as the Brazilian Vestibular exam, to guide the development of policies aimed at equal access to College education. Seeking inspiration in North American models of affirmative action policies, some Brazilian public universities have suggested rate policies to enable and facilitate the entry of "minorities" (blacks, pardos1, natives, people of low income and public school students) to free College education. At the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), the first incentives for candidates from public schools emerged in 2006, being improved and widespread during the last 7 years. This study aimed to analyse and discuss the Argument of Inclution (AI) - the affirmative action policy that provides additional scoring for students from public schools. From an extensive database, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was used as well as a Quantile Regression considering as control the variables of personal, socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the candidates from the Brazilian Vestibular exam 2010 of the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results demonstrate the importance of this incentive system, besides the magnitude of other variables

...Em busca da realidade... : a experiência da etnicidade dos Eleotérios (Catu/RN)

The south region of the Rio Grande do Norte has been historically recognized as a place of old indian villages. Inhabitants of the edges of the Catu River, border between the cities of Canguaretama and Goianinha, the Eleotérios in the threshold of 21st century had passed to be seen and self recognized as "remaining indians" of the RN. Their ethnic mobilizations, when becoming public had placed to the intellectual and political fields an old question to be reflected on: the asseverations concerning the "indian disappearing" in the State. This item brings with it other implications. Accessed by a para-oficial indigenism, the Eleotérios had started to establish political relations with the Potiguara indians of the Baía da Traição/PB and the Indian Movement, feeling stimulated to produce and to reproduce forms of social differentiation. In this context, this research is worried about elucidating the process of construction of the ethnicity among the Eleotérios, percepted from the social relations and politics kept with the amplest society, into a particular historical situation involving sugar cane fields owners, proprietaries, militants, researchers, ambiental agencies. The effects of these political and social relations had been extended, making Eleotérios appear to the society as susceptible social actors to the specific policies for the aboriginal populations

Cultura como desenvolvimento entre os Paresi Kozarini

The proposal of the present study is to get to know and to analyze the building up of the culture notion among the participants of the Paresi Kozarini group in the ethnodevelopment context. The main focus is the ethnographic study, presenting a description of Aldeia Rio Verde (Paresi Indigenous Land), understanding it as a synthesis of historic processes which explains the current moment of Paresi Indigenous group. By using the mentioned methodology, the processes and social relations produced along the contact path of this group with regional-national culture were focused, and how that contact affects the present. The research questions which concern the present study refer to the processes of identification of the researched subjects about themselves and in relation to others. According as almost the totality of the indigenous group we usually know as Paresi, recognize itself as Kozarini, the attention is directed to the manner how they see themselves and how they differ from the other Paresi groups, not indigenous people, and other indigenous groups; and which meanings of the prefix ethno- (which culture elements) they have elected to represent and manage external matters to their culture and society, in the context of discussions about ethnodevelopment

A cultura de índio, seu menino, vem de longe aqui : formação histórica e territorialização dos Tremembé/CE

This dissertation is based on the ethnography of a strategic selection of three Tremembé ethnic situations, which are situated in the backlands of Acaraú and Itarema, municipalities located in Ceará State (Northeast Brazil). My main aims are the following. Firstly, I reconstitute the historical and social formation of three localities, called Lagoa dos Negros, Telhas, and Queimadas, related to a particular origin myth which refers to Almofala, an extinct colonial Aldeamento in the seashore, where the Tremembé indians and other native populations were converted and gathered under missionary administration. According to the origin myth, these three localities were set up after a strong drought which happened in 1888 (the so called three eights) when a group of Tremembé families moved to the countryside and established close to the Lagoa dos Negros and, later on, they were segmented into smaller groups which started to live in other areas and places not far from the former location. Notably, I develop an anthropological approach to understand the historical formation of these three localities. Secondly, I analyze some processes of territorialization, which were emerged from the 1980s and had important consequences to these indigenous families throughout the next two decades. This historical dimension is re-appropriated and ressignified in ethnic terms. A third point of my work is the analysis of the construction of territorialities and also the cultural and symbolic dimensions which are formulated by the Tremembé Indians who live in these localities. Therefore, I investigate some cultural traditions and rituals, such as the Torém dance, but I also examine their multiple semantics, which constitute a transversal direction throughout the history understood by the Tremembé of the different social situations I researched. To sum up, there is a process of cultural actualization, which is still going on and presents itself through the ludic sphere as well as their political and religions dimensions, which are usually associated to the ritual presentation of the Torém