Sistema integrado para tomada de decisão espacial em situações de derramamento de óleo no litoral norte do Estado do RN

The northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) shows areas of Potiguar basin with high activity in petroleum industry. With the goal of avoiding and reducing the accident risks with oil it is necessary to understand the natural vulnerability, mapping natural resources and monitoring the oil spill. The use of computational tools for environmental monitoring makes possible better analyses and decisions in political management of environmental preservation. This work shows a methodology for monitoring of environment impacts, with purpose of avoiding and preserving the sensible areas in oil contact. That methodology consists in developing and embedding an integrated computational system. Such system is composed by a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS). The SDSS shows a computational infrastructure composed by Web System of Geo-Environmental and Geographic Information - SWIGG , the System of Environmental Sensibility Maps for Oil Spill AutoMSA , and the Basic System of Environmental Hydrodynamic ( SisBAHIA a System of Modeling and Numerical Simulating SMNS). In a scenario of oil spill occurred coastwise of Rio Grande do Norte State s northern coast, the integration of such systems will give support to decision agents for managing of environmental impacts. Such support is supplied through a system of supporting to spatial decisions

Caracterização geológica tridimensional e monitoramento de dunas no litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte

This work presents geophysical and geological results obtained in a dunefield located in the east coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, with the aim to recognize the aeolian body depositional geometries to a future geologic modeling of the aeolian petroliferous reservoirs. The research, which was done in blowouts region situated at Nisia Floresta Municipally, included the characterization of external geometries with GPS and internal geometry analysis by GPR. Data was integrated in GoCAD software, where it was possible the three-dimensional characterization and interpretation of the studied deposits. The interpretation of GPR profiling allowed identifying: First-order bounding surfaces that separated the aeolian deposits of the Barreiras Formation rocks; Second-order bounding surfaces, which limit dune generations and Third-order bounding surfaces, a reactivation surface. This classification was based and adapted by the Brookfield (1977) and Kocurek (1996) propose. Four radarfacies was recognized: Radarfacies 1, progradational reflectors correlated to foresets of the dunes, Radarfacies 2, plain parallels reflectors related to sand sheets, Radarfacies 3, plain parallels reflectors associated to reworking of the blowout dune crest and Radarfacies 4, mounded reflectors associated to vegetated mound of sand or objects buried in subsurface. The GPR and GPS methods was also employed to the monitoring of dunefields susceptible to human activities in Buzios Beach, where the constructions along the blowout region and the tourism are changing the natural evolution of the deposits. This fact possibly to cause negative impacts to the coastal zone. Data obtained in Dunas Park, a unit environmental conservation, was compared with information of the Buzios Beach. There is a major tendency of erosion in Buzios, specifically in blowout corridor and blowout dune

Caracterização geomorfológica e paleogeográfica da plataforma continental adjacente a foz do Rio Apodi-Mossoró, RN/Brasil

The brazilian marginal basins have a huge potential to generate and accumulate petroleum. Incised valleys which are eroded in response to a fall of relative sea level are related to potential reservoir as well, modern drowned-valley estuaries serve as harbors to petroleum and salt industries, fisheries, waste-disposal sites and recreational areas for a significant fraction of the world s population. The combined influence of these factors has produced a dramatic increase in research on modern and ancient incised-valley systems. This research is one expression of this interest. The integrated use of satellites images and high resolution seismic (bathymetry, sides scan sonar) was used on the Apodi River mouth-RN to characterizes the continental shelf This area is located at the Potiguar Basin in the NE Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic margin. Through bathymetric and side scan sonar data processing, a digital Terrain Model was developed, and a detailed geomorphologic analysis was performed. In this way was possible to recognize the geomorphologic framework and differents sismofacies, which may influence this area. A channel extending from the ApodiMossoró river mouth to the shelf edge dominates the investigated area. This structure can be correlated with the former river valley developed during the late Pleistocene sea level fall. This channel has two main directions (NW-SE and NE-SW) probably controlled by the Potiguar Basin structures. The western margin of the channel is relatively steep and pronounced whereas the eastern margin consists only of a gentle slope. Longitudinal bedforms and massive ridges also occur. The first are formed doe to the shelf sediment rework and the reef-like structures probably are relics of submerged beachrock-lines indicating past shoreline positions during the deglacial sea-level rise. The sub-bottom seismic data allow the identification of different sismic patterns and a marcant discontinuity, interpreted as the Upper

analise da dispersao de ondas de superficie na provincia borborema, Nordeste do Brasil

The Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil, had its internal structure investigated by different geophysical methods like gravity, magnetics and seismics. Additionally, many geological studies were also carried out to define the structural domains of this province. Despite the plethora of studies, there are still many important open aspects about its evolution. Here, we study the velocity structure of S-wave in the crust using dispersion of surface waves. The dispersion of surface waves allows an estimate of the average thickness of the crust across the region between the stations. The inversion of the velocity structure was carried out using the inter-station dispersion of surface waves of Rayleigh and Love types. The teleseismic events are mainly from the edges of the South and North American plates. The period of data collection occurred between 2007 and 2010 and we selected 7 events with magnitude above 5.0 MW and up to 40 km depth. The difference between the events back-azimuths and the interstation path was not greater than 10. We also know the depth of the Moho, results from Receiver Functions (Novo Barbosa, 2008), and use those as constrains in inversion. Even using different parameterizations of models for the inversion, our results were very similar the mean profiles velocity structure of S-wave. In pairs of stations located in the Cear´a Central Domain Borborema the province, there are ranges of depths for which the velocities of S are very close. Most of the results in the profile near the Moho complicate their interpretation at that depth, coinciding with the geology of the region, where there are many shear zones. In particular, the profile that have the route Potiguar Bacia in inter-station, had low velocities in the crust. We combine these results to the results of gravimetry and magnetometry (Oliveira, 2008) and receptor function (Novo Barbosa, 2008). We finally, the first results on the behavior of the velocity structure of S-wave with depth in the Province Borborema

Espessura da zona de transição do manto sob a Província Borborema, NE Brasil, através de conversões Ps telessísmicas

The mantle transition zone is defined by two seismic discontinuities, nominally at 410 and 660 km depth, which result from transformations in the mineral olivine. The topography of these discontinuities provides information about lateral temperature changes in the transition zone. In this work, P-to-S conversions from teleseismic events recorded at 32 broadband stations in the Borborema Province were used to determine the transition zone thickness beneath this region and to investigate whether there are lateral temperature changes within this depth range. For this analysis, stacking and migration of receiver functions was performed. In the Borborema Province, geophysical studies have revealed a geoid anomaly which could reflect the presence of a thermal anomaly related to the origin of intraplate volcanism and uplift that marked the evolution of the Province in the Cenozoic. Several models have been proposed to explain these phenomena, which include those invoking the presence of a deep-seated mantle plume and those invoking shallower sources, such as small-scale convection cells. The results of this work show that no thermal anomalies are present at transition zone depths, as significant variations in the transition zone thickness were not observed. However, regions of depressed topography for both discontinuities (410 and 660 km) that approximately overlap in space were identified, suggesting that lower-thanaverage, lateral variations in seismic velocity above 410 km depth may exist below the the Borborema Province. This is consistent with the presence of a thermally-induced, low-density body independently inferred from analysis of geoid anomalies. Therefore, the magma source responsible for the Cenozoic intraplate volcanism and related uplift in the Province, is likely to be confined above the upper mantle transition zone.

Xilanas de sabugo de milho como agente antioxidante, citotóxico, anticoagulante e imunomodulador

Prospecting pharmacological active polysaccharides from agricultural byproducts, such as corncobs, is an underexplored practice in the scientific community. Thus, this work aims to expand knowledge about pharmacological activities of polysaccharides extracted from corncobs. From corn cob flour a extract was obtained by ultrasound waves in an alkaline medium, and the end of the process the product was termed PECC (polysaccharidic extract from corncobs). This extract was physicochemical characterized and evaluated by in vitro assays as an antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticoagulant and imunomodulator agent. Results indicated significant activity metal chelating by PECC, and the use of PECC in cell culture cells showed no toxic effects to normal cell lines, but toxic action against HeLa tumor cells due promoting cell death by apoptosis. In addition, other pharmacological effects were observed, the PECC decreased nitric oxide (NO) production by activated macrophages, and prolonged blood clotting time through APTT assay. Then methanolic, ethanolic and ketone fractions were obtained from fractionation of PECC polysaccharides. Five methanolic fractions, six ethanolic fractions and two ketones were obtained; and all fractions were evaluated for antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory activities. E1.4 fraction exhibited significant metal chelating effect, a toxic action to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, decreased NO production by activated macrophages, and extended blood clotting time. These results showed that the PECC pharmacological active polysaccharides would be present in the fraction E1.4. From fractionation of E1.4 polysaccharide six subfractions with different sizes were obtained: <3; 3-10; 10-30; 30-50; 50-100 and >100 KDa. About 80% of E1.4 polysaccharides had lower size to 10 KDa, and all the subfractions showed over 61% sugar in their chemical compositions. These subfractions exhibited different monosaccharide compositions, but xylose was presented in all of them. The subfractions exhibited distinct pharmacological effects in in vitro assays. Smaller subfractions (<30 KDa) had highest metal chelating activity and greater toxic action in tumor cells. The intermediate fractions (between 30-100 KDa) decreased more NO production of activated macrophages, for other side, the larger size (>100 KDa) modulated a greater number of inflammatory cytokines, and the had greatest anticoagulant effect. Therefore, when analyzing all the results together it is evident that the PECC pharmacological polysaccharides are heteroxylans, and were concentrated in E1.4 fraction, and heteroxilanas pharmacological effects depends on their molecular size. Thus, corncobs could be used as source from molecules with biotechnology potential

Caracterização petrográfica e litogeoquímica de granitoides ediacaranos no extremo NE da Província da Borborema (NE do Brasil) com ênfase nos plútons Gameleira, Pitombeira e Taipu

The studied area is situated in the northeastern extremity of the Rio Grande do Norte State, between the municipalities of Taipu and Poço Branco, and is geologically inserted into the São José do Campestre Crystalline Terrain within the Borborema Province, where the analysis of field relationships, petrographic and geochemical data allowed the distinction of three plutons named: Gameleira, Taipu and Pitombeira. The Gamaleira Pluton is composed of granodioritic rocks characterized by zoned plagioclase phenocrysts, with amphibole and biotite as the main mafic phases. Geochemically, these are metaluminous rocks of calc-alkaline nature and magnesian character. The Pitombeira Pluton encompasses two facies: (a) a coarse-grained to porphyritic monzo- to syenogranitic facies marked by K-feldspar phenocrysts; and (b) a quartz dioritic to tonalitic facies with partially zoned plagioclase laths showing chilled rims. Geochemically, rocks of the monzo- to syenogranitic facies are transitional between metaluminous and peraluminous, display a subalkaline nature (high K calc-alkaline) and a ferroan character, whereas rocks of the quartz dioritic to tonalitic facies are metaluminous, with shoshonitic affinity and ferroan character. Lastly, the Taipu Pluton is made of monzoto syenogranitic rocks with biotite as the chief mafic mineral. They are peraluminous rocks of subalkaline nature (high-K calc-alkaline) and ferroan character. Regarding the rare-earth elements (REE), it is possible to conclude that the three studied plutons display negative Eu anomalies and a relative enrichment of LREE over HREE, with LaN/YbN ratios between 9.39 to 16.20 (Gameleira Pluton), 17.99 to 31.39 (granitic facies of the Pitombeira Pluton), 14.15 to 21.81 (dioritic facies of the Pitombeira Pluton) and 15.17 to 175.41 (Taipu Pluton). Based on the combined investigation of geochemical data and discrimination tectonic diagrams, a late- to post-collisional tectonic environment is suggested for the plutons here studied

Inércia e Natureza da Ciência no Ensino de Física: uma sequência didática centrada no desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de inércia

During the last decades the area of science education has discussed issues related to the inclusion of the History and Philosophy of Science (HFS) in the practice of science teaching. Among the arguments put forward in favour of this approach, it is pointed out the possible enhancement of scientific content learning and the understanding of the nature of Science (NoS). In spite of such considerations, we still have a very small number of research papers reporting results of practical interventions that utilize the historical approach, moreover, there is a lack of teaching materials in this perspective. Our work has sought to contribute to this area with regard to two aspects: on the one hand, with the production of didactic material, by drawing up texts on the history of inertia for graduate students. On the other hand, we investigate whether the arguments mentioned above in relation to the didactic use of HFS sustain themselves, in a particular context. We developed and applied a didactic sequence, using the texts that we built, to teach the concept of inertia and discuss selected contents of NoS. The didactic sequence was applied in two graduate classes, one from a course of Geophysics (BSc.) and another from the Physics (teaching formation), both from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). An initial survey exposed that students, even having approached the concept of inertia in basic education, presented conceptions of common sense regarding the relationship between force and motion. The questionnaire also allowed us to identify the existence of elements of concepts considered inadequate as regards to NoS. At the end of our research, our data indicated a greater number of positive hits on the issues concerning the concept of inertia. Regarding the aspects of NoS, we were able to identify, in a few cases, a move towards a more appropriate understanding, however, certain distortions persisted, highlighting the limitations of the approach used

Análise geoambiental da plataforma continental Rasa Equatorial, por meio de sensoriamento remoto e dados sedimentológicos: parrachos de Rio do Fogo-RN, Brasil

In the shallow continental shelf in Northeastern Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil, important underwater geomorphological features can be found 6km from the coastline. They are coral reefs, locally known as “parrachos”. The present study aims to characterize and analyze the geomorphological feature as well as the ones of the benthic surface, and the distribution of biogenic sediments found in parrachos at Rio do Fogo and associated shallow platforms, by using remote sensing products and in situ data collections. This was made possible due to sedimentological, bathymetric and geomorphological maps elaborated from composite bands of images from the satellite sensors ETM+/Landsat-7, OLI/Landsat-8, MS/GeoEye and PAN/WordView-1, and analysis of bottom sediments samples. These maps were analyzed, integrally interpreted and validated in fieldwork, thus permitting the generation of a new geomorphological zoning of the shallow shelf in study and a geoenvironmental map of the Parrachos in Rio do Fogo. The images used were subject to Digital Image Processing techniques. All obtained data and information were stored in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and can become available to the scientific community. This shallow platform has a carbonate bottom composed mostly by algae. Collected and analyzed sediment samples can be classified as biogenic carbonatic sands, as they are composed 75% by calcareous algae, according to the found samples. The most abundant classes are green algae, red algae, nonbiogenic sediments (mineral grains), ancient algae and molluscs. At the parrachos the following was mapped: Barreta Channel, intertidal reefs, submerged reefs, the spur and grooves, the pools, the sandy bank, the bank of algae, sea grass, submerged roads and Rio do Fogo Channel. This work presents new information about geomorphology and evolution in the study area, and will be guiding future decision making in the handling and environmental management of the region

Análise dos microssismos registrados no arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP) e suas relações com variáveis oceanográficas

Microseisms are continuous vibrations pervasively recorded in the mili Hertz to 1 Hz frequency range. These vibrations are mostly composed of Rayleigh waves and are strongest in the 0.04 to 1 Hz frequency band. Their precise source mechanisms are still a matter of debate but it is agreed that they are related to atmospheric perturbations and ocean gravity waves. The Saint Peter Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA) is located in the equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean about 1,100 km distant from the Brazilian northeastern coast. The SPSPA is composed by a set of several small rocky formations with a total area of approximately 17,000 m². Due to its remote distance from the continent and the lack of cultural noise, this location is a unique location for measuring microseismic noise and to investigate its relation with some climate and oceanographic variables. In the SPSPA we have recorded both primary microseisms (PM) at 0.04 – 0.12 Hz and the secondary microseisms (SM) at 0.12 – 0.4 Hz during 10 months in 2012 and 2013. Our analysis indicates a good correlation between the microseismic noise in the region and a seasonal dependency. In particular, the winter in the northern hemisphere. We have also shown that most of the PM is generated in the SPSPA itself. The SM source location depends with the seasonal climatic and oceanographic variables in the northern hemisphere

Análise da dinâmica deposicional das praias de Cacimbinha e do Madeiro, Tibau do Sul-RN, Brasil

The Cacimbinha and Madeiro beaches are located in the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, in the municipality of Tibau do Sul. Given the indicative of erosion in the coast of this district and the coastal processes acting on the beaches, the global aim of this project is comprehend the evolution of depositional environment on the Cacimbinha beach, moreover, the project seeks to characterize deposits from the Cacimbinha and Madeiro beaches, according to the geomorphologic compartments identified on these beaches; distinguish the coastal features which possibly interact with the Cacimbinha beach; identify the potential relationship between the sediments from the coastal features and the deposits from Cacimbinha beach; understand which depositional processes that prevail at each facies deposited on the beach; and identify the probable sedimentary environments and its energy of deposition through of the materials recorded on the Cacimbinha beach. This study was based on previous bibliographic and field research, both guided by academic works, laws, concepts and theories concerning the physical geography, geomorphology of the quaternary, sedimentary geology and stratigraphy. Thus, the methodology was divided in three steps: Prefield step: office work was performed; Field step: Sampling of facies of sedimentation; PosField step: analysis and integration of data obtained during the research period. Thus, the results showed deposicional facies with distinguished energy in the relief compartments, beach and terrace. After the sedimentary analysis and its interpretation linked to the architecture of the mounted sections based on drilling, it became possible to trace the evolutionary history of this stretch of beach. Therefore, it can be stated that studies performed on coastal areas are of great importance, as long as, around the world, the most part of urban zones are seated on deposits of quaternary age and, then this work improve the knowledge regarding the sedimentary dynamics of this beach, becoming scientific support for management and planning of this area which focus on, mainly, the foreign tourism

Sismicidade e esforços tectônicos na zona sísmica Acaraú, Nordeste do Brasil

Inside the Borborema Province the Northwestern Ceará (NC) is one of the most seismic active regions. There are reports of an earthquake occurred in 1810 in the Granja town. On January, 2008 the seismic activity in NC has increased and it was deployed a seismographic network with 11 digital stations. In 2009, another earthquake sequence began and it was deployed another seismographic network in the Santana do Acaraú town with 6 stations. This thesis presents the results obtained by analyzing the data recorded in these two networks. The epicentral areas are located near the northeastern part of the Transbrasiliano Lineament, a shear zone with NE-SW-trending that cuts the study area. The hypocenters are located between 1km and 8km. The strike-slip focal mechanisms were found, which is predominant in the Borborema Province. An integration of seismological, geological and geophysical data was performed and it show that the seismogenic faults found are oriented in the same direction to the local brittle structures observed in field and magnetic lineaments. The SHmax (maximum compressional stress) direction in NC was estimated using an inversion of seven focal mechanisms. The horizontal maximum compression stress (σ1 = 300°) with orientation NW-SE and extension (σ3 = 210°) with NE-SW and σ2 vertical. These results are consistent with results of previous studies. The seismic activity recorded in NC is not related to a possible reactivation of the Transbrasiliano Lineament, by now.

Indicadores do nível relativo do mar e evolução costeira durante o holoceno tardio no litoral oeste do Ceará, NE do Brasil

In the coastal region of Ceará, between the municipalities of Acaraú and Itapipoca, thirteen sites were identified containing indicators of relative sea level, six of these being dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon. Ages obtained supports that were formed prograding beaches in the study area. In the eastern portion, beaches in coastal plain deposits occur while a system lagoon/barrier paleomangrove occurs in the western portion of the study area. In both cases the coastal deposits prograde from east to west. Higher sea levels were identified between the current: (a) 3.110-2.830 cal. yr. BP; (b) 1.830 yr. BP (OSL) - 1.490 cal. yr. BP; (c) between 1.240-1.060 cal. yr. BP; (d) 845-715 yr. BP (OSL). Since then the sea level suffered by lowering the current level. Variations in sea level are interpreted as responses to changes in the pattern of marine circulation and do not exclude possible tectonic disturbances in the basin of the continental margin. The indicators of relative sea level west coast of Ceará present differently from other curves constructed in the coastal northeast, suggesting that local factors mentioned above contributed to sea level fluctuations.

Avaliação da variação sedimentológica em uma área da plataforma continental sob a atuação da indústria petrolífera

Petroleum exploration activity occurs on the offshore Potiguar Basin, from very shallow (2-3 m) until about 50 m water depth, extending from Alto de Touros (RN) to Alto de Fortaleza (CE). Take in account the biological importance and the heterogeneity of sediments on this area, it is necessary the understanding of the sedimentological dynamics, and mainly the changes generated by petroleum exploration to prevent possible damages to environment. Despite the intense activity of oil exploration in this area, research projects like these are still rare. In view to minimize this gap, this study was developed to evaluate sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical changes in the vicinity of a exploration well, here designated as well A, located on the Middle continental shelf, near the transition to Outer shelf. The well selected for this study was the first one drilled with Riserless Mud Recovery technology (RMR) in Brazil. The main difference from this to the conventional method is the possibility of drilling phase I of the well with return of drilling material to the rig tank, minimizing fluid and gravel discharging around the vicinity, during this phase. Monitoring consisted of three surveys, first of them done before start drilling, the second one done 19 days after the end of drilling and the third one done one year after then. Comparison of the studied variables (calcium carbonate and organic matter content, sediment size, mineralogy and geochemistry) was done with their average, median and coefficient of variation values to understand the changes after drilling activity. Because operating company technical reasons, the well location was changed after the first survey (C1), resulting in a shift of the sampled area on the two last surveys (C2 e C3). Nevertheless, the acquired data presented a good correlation, with no loss to the mean goal of the study. The sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical analyzes were done at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results indicated a predominantly sandy environment along the three surveys. It was noticed that the first survey (C1), presented different values for all the studied variables than to the second (C2) and third (C3) surveys, which had similar values. Siliciclastic sediments are prevalent at all surveys, and quartz is the main component (more than 80%). Heavy minerals (garnet, turmaline, zircon and lmenite), rock fragments and mud aggregates also was described. Bioclastic sediments are dominated by coralline algae (more than 45%) and mollusks (more than 30%), followed by benthic foraminifera, bryozoans and worm tubes. More rarely was observed ostracoda and spike of calcareous sponge. Because the low changes of the sediments at the studied area and by the using of RMR method in the drilling, it was possible to conclude that drilling activity did not promote significant alteration on the local sediment cover. Changes in the studied variables before and after drilling activity could be influenced by the changing in the sampling area after survey 1 (C1).

Caracterização morfológica-sedimentar do vale inciso Apodi-Mossoró e plataforma continental adjacente - Bacia Potiguar Offshore

Systems of incised valleys have been studied in different continental shelves, including the Brazilian continental margin. The interest to characterize this feature is given by the information that it can provide variations on sea level, as well as the ability to host economically significant quantities of hydrocarbons in reservoirs located in deposits filling of the incised valleys. This thesis has the overall objective to characterize the morphology and sedimentary cover of the incised valley Apodi-Mossoró, located in the Northern Continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte state, adjacent to Areia Branca city. The methodology included the integration of satellite imagery, bathymetric data, sedimentological data, shallow seismic, and the identification of foraminifera. The results indicate that the ApodiMossró incised valley is currently formed by two channels, shallow channel and deep channel, which have distinct morphological and sedimentological characteristics. The deep channel has connection with one of the heads of the Apodi Canyon, located in the slope area. The acquisition, processing and interpretation of shallow seismic data allowed the recognition of the depositional surface, erosional surface, discordance, and sismofaceis. The erosional surface mapped from shallow seismic sections is possibly a indicative of an ancient surface of valley incision, where it would probably be associated with the limit Pleistocene/Holocene. Different sismofaceis were identified and reflect the rise in sea level with standards sometimes agradacional, sometimes progradational. The thickness of sediments on this surface was estimated at a maximum of 22m thick in the central portion of the incised valley. Statistically, there are differences between the adjacent continental shelf and channels, and between these channels, for the content of calcium carbonate, organic matter, sand and mud perceptual, except for the gravel grain size. The analysis of living and dead foraminifera showed the presence of fifty species distributed in regards to morphology, depth and type of sediment. Four type of seismic echocharacteres were identified and mapped, as well as their bedforms, indicating different sedimentary processes along the incised valley. The integration of results suggests an activation of the Apodi-Mossoró incised valley in the Late Pleistocene.