101 resultados para Aquiferos - Contaminação


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O mundo atual passa por uma crise ambiental sem precedentes na história, o que resulta em conseqüências ambientais perceptíveis e preocupantes. Governos e organizações internacionais têm dado maior relevância à variável ambiental como um dos principais eixos de definição das políticas de crescimento/desenvolvimento econômico, como o intuito de adequar as demandas sociais aos limites naturais. Como consequências dessa forma perdulária de produção e consumo da sociedade global temos a contaminação ambiental ampliada e diversificada. O presente artigo discute a acumulação capitalista no setor dos resíduos sólidos, partindo da hipótese da impossibilidade de se diminuir a geração ampliada dos resíduos, sendo necessário que se crie estratégias de gestão e tratamento para os resíduos baseados na atividade da reciclagem dos materiais. A parte final expõe os paradigmas da questão dos resíduos sólidos na sociedade global.

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Among the different types of pollutants typically attributed to human activities, the petroleum products are one of the most important because of its toxic potential. This toxicity is attributed to the presence of substances such as benzene and its derivatives are very toxic to the central nervous system of man, with chronic toxicity, even in small concentrations. The area chosen for study was the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, where samples were collected in six different areas in the city, comprising 10 wells located in the urban area, being carried out in three distinct periods March/2009, December / June/2010 and 2009, and were evaluated for contamination by volatile hydrocarbons (BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), so this work aimed to assess the quality of groundwater wells that supply funding for public supply and trade in the urban area of the city of Natal, in Rio Grande do Norte, contributing to the environmental assessment of the municipality. The analysis of BTEX in water was performed according to EPA Method 8021b. Was used the technique of headspace (TriPlus TP100) coupled to high resolution gas chromatography with selective photoionization detector (PID) and flame ionization (FID) - model Trace GC Ultra, Thermo Electron Corporation brand. The procedure adopted allowed the detection of concentrations of the order of μg.L-1. Data analysis with respect to BTEX in groundwater in the area monitored so far, shows that water quality is still preserved, because it exceeds the limits imposed by the potability Resolution CONAMA Nº. 396, April 2008

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Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel

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In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.

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Environmental pollution causes the loss of the quality of aquatic resources and also affects the health of human beings. The Golandim River is located in São Gonçalo do Amarante (RN Brazil) and had its water recovered seven years ago by measurements of parameters of the water s quality analyses physicochemistry, microbiological and heavy metals. However, it is not well established if this river is truly recovered, so this study provides a wide knowledge about the quality of these waters. Therefore, this investigation was accomplished by assays of ecotoxicology utilizing Ceriodaphnia dubia and of genotoxicity of the river s water using a biomarker Tradescantia Pallida (Trad-MCN). In set, it carried through a study of environmental perception through questionnaires that approached questions related to the profile of the interviewed one, knowledge on the environment and of the river Golandim with the community that lives in the neighborhoods of the river to diagnosis as they perceive the environment where live and its problems. The assays of the water had been carried out by collecting samples in three different sites of the Golandim River. They were collected between the periods of December 2010 (dry season in the northeast of Brazil) and July 2011 (rainy season in the northeast of). The analysis of the data allowed observing that the majority of the inhabitants are adult and presents a global vision of what it is part of the environment, the majority mentions the pollution of the river as one of the problems of the city, considering it serious. The ecotoxicology assay showed that there was not acute toxicity in all three samples collected. Meanwhile, all these three samples demonstrated significant chronic toxicity. The results from the Trad-MCN assay presented an increase in the frequency of micronucleus in one of the sites analyzed (S3) (p<0.01), in both seasons collected. On the other hand, the sites S1 and S2 did not presented a significant increase of micronucleus using this bioassay. The analyses of chemicals detected an increase in the levels of some metals, in different seasons and samples, which can be associates with some compounds found in urban and industrial areas. On the other hand, the physicochemistries parameters demonstrated that the Golandim River is recouped, when compared with the values presented at the CONAMA s legislation. However, these results indicate the presence of compounds capable of inducing chromosomal mutation in plants. On the other hand, the parameters physicistchemistries demonstrate that the river Golandim is if recouping, since when compares the values observed with the legislation of the CONAMA. All these results point to the fact that the Trad-MCN assay was sensitive and efficient biomarker for chromosomal instability and the C. dubia ecotoxicology assay was as though an efficient biomarker of toxicity of water s quality. The results from Trad-MCN associated with the ecotoxicology demonstrates that these analyses are important for environmental monitoring, once the first bioassay described above indicates alterations at the standards of cells and the other one indicates alterations at the standards of organisms. This study alerts for the necessity to carry out biological assays for the analyses of the water s quality

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This work is the application of geophysical methods, using the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), with the objective of survey in a subsurface plume of contamination caused by a disabled gas station. The gas station is located on the Búzios beach in southern coast of the state to Rio Grande do Norte in an Area of Environmental Protection called Bonfim-Guaraíra. The interest to develop this work was the presence of contaminants (hydrocarbons) in a well located on the desktop, previously used for the abstraction of groundwater for residents living near the site. Were raised 15 geophysical survey lines totaling 775,48 lifting and installed 4 piezometer, to confirm the contamination and prepare a pluviometric map that helped in indicating the direction of local groundwater flow, thus showing the direction of movement of the probably plume of contamination. From the processing of the GPR lines was possible to identify two likely phases of contamination according to the classification proposed by Azambuja et al 2000, which are called phase absorbed and dissolved phase

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O mundo atual passa por uma crise ambiental sem precedentes na história, o que resulta em conseqüências ambientais perceptíveis e preocupantes. Governos e organizações internacionais têm dado maior relevância à variável ambiental como um dos principais eixos de definição das políticas de crescimento/desenvolvimento econômico, como o intuito de adequar as demandas sociais aos limites naturais. Como consequências dessa forma perdulária de produção e consumo da sociedade global temos a contaminação ambiental ampliada e diversificada. O presente artigo discute a acumulação capitalista no setor dos resíduos sólidos, partindo da hipótese da impossibilidade de se diminuir a geração ampliada dos resíduos, sendo necessário que se crie estratégias de gestão e tratamento para os resíduos baseados na atividade da reciclagem dos materiais. A parte final expõe os paradigmas da questão dos resíduos sólidos na sociedade global.

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Among the different types of pollutants typically attributed to human activities, the petroleum products are one of the most important because of its toxic potential. This toxicity is attributed to the presence of substances such as benzene and its derivatives are very toxic to the central nervous system of man, with chronic toxicity, even in small concentrations. The area chosen for study was the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, where samples were collected in six different areas in the city, comprising 10 wells located in the urban area, being carried out in three distinct periods March/2009, December / June/2010 and 2009, and were evaluated for contamination by volatile hydrocarbons (BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), so this work aimed to assess the quality of groundwater wells that supply funding for public supply and trade in the urban area of the city of Natal, in Rio Grande do Norte, contributing to the environmental assessment of the municipality. The analysis of BTEX in water was performed according to EPA Method 8021b. Was used the technique of headspace (TriPlus TP100) coupled to high resolution gas chromatography with selective photoionization detector (PID) and flame ionization (FID) - model Trace GC Ultra, Thermo Electron Corporation brand. The procedure adopted allowed the detection of concentrations of the order of μg.L-1. Data analysis with respect to BTEX in groundwater in the area monitored so far, shows that water quality is still preserved, because it exceeds the limits imposed by the potability Resolution CONAMA Nº. 396, April 2008

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Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel

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In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.

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Analisar fatores intercorrentes e a incidência da infecção em pacientes operados no Hospital Universitário da UFRN. Métodos: Foram estudados, através de protocolo previamente estabelecido, 3.120 pacientes internados que se submeteram a procedimentos cirúrgicos no período de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2002. Resultados: O índice de infecção hospitalar foi de 5,9%, e a topografia de maior incidência foi a ferida operatória (3,7%). Infecção respiratória ocorreu em 1,2%, urinária em 0,6% e bacteremia em 0,1%. O índice de infecção comunitária foi de 9,2%, predominando infecção urinária (5%) e respiratória (2,1%). Quanto ao grau de contaminação das feridas operatórias, as feridas limpas (1479) apresentaram infecção em 2,9%, as feridas limpascontaminadas (1277) em 6,0% dos casos, as feridas contaminadas (270) em 15,1%, e as ferida infectadas (94) resultaram em infecção em 30,75% dos casos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a incidência de infecção cirúrgica foi compatível com os índices na literatura mundial. A partir desses dados, ratifica-se a importância de medidas de controle de infecção hospitalar de forma sistemática, como vem sendo realizado no hospital onde o estudo foi realizado

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Objetivo: Analisar fatores intercorrentes e a incidência da infecção em pacientes operados no Hospital Universitário da UFRN. Métodos: Foram estudados, através de protocolo previamente estabelecido, 3.120 pacientes internados que se submeteram a procedimentos cirúrgicos no período de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2002. Resultados: O índice de infecção hospitalar foi de 5,9%, e a topografia de maior incidência foi a ferida operatória (3,7%). Infecção respiratória ocorreu em 1,2%, urinária em 0,6% e bacteremia em 0,1%. O índice de infecção comunitária foi de 9,2%, predominando infecção urinária (5%) e respiratória (2,1%). Quanto ao grau de contaminação das feridas operatórias, as feridas limpas (1479) apresentaram infecção em 2,9%, as feridas limpascontaminadas (1277) em 6,0% dos casos, as feridas contaminadas (270) em 15,1%, e as ferida infectadas (94) resultaram em infecção em 30,75% dos casos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a incidência de infecção cirúrgica foi compatível com os índices na literatura mundial. A partir desses dados, ratifica-se a importância de medidas de controle de infecção hospitalar de forma sistemática, como vem sendo realizado no hospital onde o estudo foi realizado

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O modelo civilizatório da sociedade global fundamenta-se na produção à larga escala e no aumento exponencial e diversificado do consumo. Este modelo impacta o meio ambiente já que demanda grandes quantidades de recursos naturais e provoca contaminação ambiental. No leque desta contaminação, a geração de resíduos sólidos surge como uma das principais devido a seus efeitos nocivos serem sentidos de forma imediata pelas pessoas. Em países como o Brasil, uma das soluções requeridas para se minimizar e/ou equacionar a problemática engendrada pelos resíduos sólidos é a reciclagem dos materiais. A justificativa oficial pelo esforço à reciclagem está nas características da atividade já que o uso de materiais reciclados reduz a demanda por recursos naturais em processos produtivos industriais, aumenta o tempo de vida útil dos aterros sanitários (local de destino final dos resíduos), além de gerar emprego e renda para os catadores, sujeitos que sobrevivem da coleta e separação dos materiais recicláveis. A partir de uma ética ambiental, a pergunta que deve ser feita quando nos propomos a analisar as implicações da geração dos resíduos é: por que a sociedade global gera resíduos sólidos de maneira acentuada? Contudo, à luz dos pressupostos mercadológicos do capitalismo, a pergunta que move as discussões acerca da problemática dos resíduos sólidos é: o que fazer com a crescente geração de resíduos sólidos? O presente artigo se propõe a uma reflexão dos elementos justificativos dessa ode à reciclagem. Em nossa perspectiva, a reciclagem fomenta ao que denominamos de ambientalismo econômico, no qual o discurso pró-reciclagem se apropria dos elementos e potencialidades ambientais da atividade da reciclagem para justificar as ações de caráter econômico no que se refere ao que fazer com os resíduos gerados diariamente.

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The issue of creating productions of hybrid matrices has demanded, for more than three decades, the attention of several theater theorists (COHEN: 1995; LEHMANN: 2007). The study of philosophers (DELEUZE & GUATTARI: 1995) has contributed for new concepts of the scene. These artistic practices, depending on the context, have been generating, more and more, new ways of staging. I will discuss the contamination caused by Antonin Artaud in contemporary theater, and the theater s infection by the performance, based on the thought of Barbara Browning (1995), from its capacity to penetrate and invade territories, and installs a new system. I affirm that the Totem Group (Recife PE) was contaminated by the performance and analyze two performative plays of the group, their points of convergence and separation. The first one is Ita, the search for the origin, the animal devir; the second is Caosmopolita, the body as a reflex of urbanity

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Tanto no contexto acadêmico quanto no artístico e mercadológico, é crescente a discussão sobre o espaço de conceituação da dança contemporânea e suas fissuras, que deixam de abarcar esta ou aquela manifestação artística ou mesmo acaba por abarcar aquelas manifestações que não se encaixam em outros espaços de conceituação. No presente trabalho objetivamos a investigar, a Dança na Contemporaneidade, para além do que se entende por dança contemporânea, em sua capacidade de atravessar os espaços de conceituação já estabelecidos, para implicar em uma pluralidade de fazeres. Objetivamos também pensar a potência que a Dança imprime no corpo do artista criador, pensando também como este se comporta no espaço de entre linguagens . A dissertação que aqui se apresenta encontrou enquanto estratégia metodológica o recurso da metáfora, partindo das ideias de travessia, cartografia e cidades invisíveis para a construção do pensamento sobre o corpo do artista e suas relações com as diferentes linguagens artísticas, tomando por base uma retomada das experiências estéticas e artísticas de sua proponente. Dialogando experiências práticas e referenciais teóricos, inicialmente tratamos da dança contemporânea em seus problemas de classificação que apontam para a necessidade de um pensamento contemporâneo em dança, que pense as manifestações artísticas em seus pontos convergentes, e não nos divergentes que as situam sob diversas nomenclaturas. No capítulo seguinte discutimos a possibilidade de contaminação entre as linguagens artísticas a partir do próprio corpo-artista. Discorremos também sobre a dança enquanto agenciamento e resposta aos impulsos resultantes da relação com o espaço e outros corpos, pensando como o corpo do vivente se organiza nesta relação de compartilhamento de experiências. Mostrando uma potência do corpo artista criador que se dedica à transvaloração das fronteiras entre as linguagens para a organização do seu fazer. Por fim, apontamos para a diversidade na metodologia de processos de criação que variam de acordo com as possibilidades técnicas e necessidades estéticas de cada artista criador