Exploring the dimensions of eco-feedback in the wild

Worldwide reports about energy usage have noted the importance of the domestic energy consumption sector in the worldwide scenario. This fact motivated and supported the birth and spread of the so-called eco-feedback devices. Such devices provide information about individual or group energy consumption behavior with the goal of reducing the impact in the environment. Motivated by the body of work which questions the long term effectiveness of eco-feedback systems, this thesis focus on evaluating in-the-wild the long term usage of eco-feedback systems. We have conducted five long term studies with different eco-feedback systems designed to evaluate different dimensions in the design of eco-feedback plus two more focused short term studies aimed at studying concrete approaches. Our summary reports on the fact that the there is a novelty effect associated with ecofeedback systems in which the usage of these devices declines significantly after a month. We did not found evidence that the novelty effect is related to location or the type of information represented, nor that the decrease in the eco-feedback usage could lead to the consumption relapsing to values previous to the introduction of the eco-feedback. Our work has also generated other contributions related to the positioning of the feedback, using metaphors for representing the consumption and presenting information about the source of the energy in the feedback.

Eco-projeto, clube escolar nas atividades extracurriculares, promovendo inovação pedagógica

A presente dissertação do mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Inovação Pedagógica, tem como objetivo central perceber como o funcionamento do clube escolar Eco-Projeto da Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves Zarco pode promover inovação pedagógica, constituindo um indício de quebra do paradigma educativo vigente. Pretende-se assim, compreender em que medida as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas neste projeto educativo específico, são práticas construtivistas, centradas no aluno, no desenvolvimento da autonomia, da criatividade, da negociação de conhecimentos entre pares e do desenvolvimento cognitivo e sociocultural dos alunos. O desenvolvimento desta investigação tem como metodologia a investigação qualitativa, baseada na etnografia e na observação participante. O Eco-Projeto, sendo um clube escolar integrado nas atividades extracurriculares, promove uma efetiva aprendizagem cooperativa e significativa, baseada nos pressupostos inculcados pela Educação Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável defendida pelo programa Eco-Escolas. O programa Eco-Escolas possui uma abrangência internacional, sendo que em Portugal este surge sob a tutela da Associação Bandeira Azul da Europa/Foundation for Environmental Education. Em suma, ao longo desta dissertação é descrita etnograficamente a cultura, o modus vivendi do Eco-Projeto, a forma como os seus membros interagem, solucionam os problemas com que se deparam no dia-a-dia, e como são proporcionadas as aprendizagens, de modo a se verificar um efetivo extrapolar das fronteiras do ensino instrucionista, abrindo um caminho para uma visão inovadora da forma como pode ser encarado o processo de aprendizagem, e a escola na sua globalidade.

Motivating sustainable goal choices and providing effective feedback

Overconsumption of natural resources and the associated environmental hazards are one of today’s most pressing global issues. In the western world, individual consumption in homes and workplaces is a key contributor to this problem. Reflecting the importance of individual action in this domain, this thesis focuses on studying and influencing choices related to sustainability and energy consumption made by people in their daily lives. There are three main components to this work. Firstly, this thesis asserts that people frequently make ineffective consumption reduction goal choices and attempts to understand the rationale for these poor choices by fitting them to goalsetting theory, an established theoretical model of behavior change. Secondly, it presents two approaches that attempt to influence goal choice towards more effective targets, one of which deals with mechanisms for goal priming and the other of which explores the idea that carefully designed toys can exert influence on children’s long term consumption behavior patterns. The final section of this thesis deals with the design of feedback to support the performance of environmentally sound activities. Key contributions surrounding goals include the finding that people choose easy sustainable goals despite immediate feedback as to their ineffectiveness and the discussion and study of goal priming mechanisms that can influence this choice process. Contributions within the design of value instilling toys include a theoretically grounded framework for the design of such toys and a completed and tested prototype toy. Finally, contributions in designing effective and engaging energy consumption feedback include the finding that negative feedback is best presented verbally compared with visually and this is exemplified and presented within a working feedback system. The discussions, concepts, prototypes and empirical findings presented in this work will be useful for both environmental psychologists and for HCI researchers studying eco-feedback.