A restatement of the welafare costs of inflation. The wast of scarce resources in the manufacturing , banking and household sectors

Lucas (2000) estimates that the US welfare costs of inflation are around 1% of GDP. This measurement is consistent with a speci…c distorting channel in terms of the Bailey triangle under the demand for monetary base schedule (outside money): the displacement of resources from the production of consumption goods to the household transaction time à la Baumol. Here, we consider also several new types of distortions in the manufacturing and banking industries. Our new evidences show that both banks and firms demand special occupational employments to avoid the inflation tax. We de…ne the concept of ”the foat labor”: The occupational employments that are aflected by the in‡ation rates. More administrative workers are hired relatively to the bluecollar workers for producing consumption goods. This new phenomenon makes the manufacturing industry more roundabout. To take into account this new stylized fact and others, we redo at same time both ”The model 5: A Banking Sector -2” formulated by Lucas (1993) and ”The Competitive Banking System” proposed by Yoshino (1993). This modelling allows us to characterize better the new types of misallocations. We …nd that the maximum value of the resources wasted by the US economy happened in the years 1980-81, after the 2nd oil shock. In these years, we estimate the excess resources that are allocated for every speci…c distorting channel: i) The US commercial banks spent additional resources of around 2% of GDP; ii) For the purpose of the firm foating time were used between 2.4% and 4.1% of GDP); and iii) For the household transaction time were allocated between 3.1% and 4.5 % of GDP. The Bailey triangle under the demand for the monetary base schedule represented around 1% of GDP, which is consistent with Lucas (2000). We estimate that the US total welfare costs of in‡ation were around 10% of GDP in terms of the consumption goods foregone. The big di¤erence between our results and Lucas (2000) are mainly due to the Harberger triangle in the market for loans (inside money) which makes part of the household transaction time, of the …rm ‡oat labor and of the distortion in the banking industry. This triangle arises due to the widening interest rates spread in the presence of a distorting inflation tax and under a fractionally reserve system. The Harberger triangle can represent 80% of the total welfare costs of inflation while the remaining percentage is split almost equally between the Bailey triangle and the resources used for the bank services. Finally, we formulate several theorems in terms of the optimal nonneutral monetary policy so as to compare with the classical monetary theory.

Premiação top 5: estudo de um caso de torneio no Brasil

Com a implementação do sistema de metas de inflação no Brasil, o Banco Central desenvolveu uma pesquisa de coleta de expectativas do mercado para a inflação e outras variáveis macroeconômicas, como uma das ferramentas para guiar a política monetária. O ranking Top 5 com as melhores projeções vem sendo publicado desde 2001. Este trabalho analisa a estrutura de premiação do ranking Top 5 como um mecanismo de incentivo para (i) obter projeções atualizadas do mercado e (ii) estimular as instituições participantes da pesquisa a aprimorar suas projeções. A análise baseia-se na literatura desenvolvida na área de torneios e na investigação dos dados disponíveis na pesquisa de expectativas e na premiação Top 5. Encontra-se alguma evidência de heterogeneidade entre os participantes da pesquisa, que pode estar relacionada tanto a características intrínsecas de cada instituição com relação à habilidade quanto ao nível de esforço e estratégia escolhidos.

Structural analysis of the place of wine in Brazil

With the constant decrease of the wine consumption in traditional winemaking countries, more and more Brazil is seen as an appealing market. But the country also pretends to become an international player of winemaking in its own right. Both the participants of the Brazilian wine industry and the foreigners trying to get advantage of this promising market are facing new challenges to develop the consumption of wine in the world’s fifth largest country. Among all the possible actions to be taken in that sense, it also is worth taking time for a collective thought on the place of wine in the country, as well as the factors that shape it. What are these factors, which ones really make the difference, and what is their respective impact on the evolution of the place of wine in the country? After drawing the big picture of the wine market situation, this thesis tries to identify the levers of the evolution of the place of wine in Brazil. Using the tools of prospective, it aims at putting into perspective the different driving forces that influence its development, and in particular the relative influence of the political drivers. This paper also intends to be a first step of a prospective study as it constitutes a solid base for scenario planning. This paper is divided in five chapters starting with “introduction”, followed by chapter 2 “Theoretical framework”. Chapter 3 is “Methodology”, followed by chapter 4 “Description and analysis of the results”. Finally the results are discussed and concluded in the last part “Conclusions and implications for future studies”.

Lei 5.811/72: uma análise das suas injustiças e ineficiências e dos ajustes possíveis

O presente trabalho analisa as ineficiências e injustiças da Lei 5.811/72, lei esta que veio para regulamentar a atividade dos trabalhadores na indústria do petróleo de forma geral, incluindo plataformas marítimas de exploração de petróleo, diferenciando os regimes de revezamento e sobreaviso e apresentando todos os benefícios inerentes a estes. Com o propósito de debater os custos do trabalho sob a égide da Lei 5811/72, esse trabalho traz uma análise comparativa entre os trabalhadores que são regulados por está lei e aqueles regulados pela CLT, propondo, ao final, implementar um projeto de lei com possíveis ajustes em alguns desses custos, vistos como injustos e a criação de uma nova norma regulamentadora para trazer meios eficazes e efetivos de fiscalização ao sistema. No interesse de coibir iniqüidades na aplicação da lei, esse trabalho sugere o acréscimo de direitos inerentes aos trabalhadores e mesmo aos empregadores, para chegar a um sistema mais justo para todos.

DAPP analyzes British elections in post in the Financial Times

Everything before the election seemed to be pointing to a Labour lead. Even pollsters got it wrong. But a network analysis of the Twitter conversations about the general election highlights just how much hype there was around Labour in the run-up to the big day. Marco Ruediger and this colleagues at the department of public policy analysis at the Fundação Getulio Vargas in Rio de Janeiro analysed and visualised millions of tweets during the campaign.

Favela, audiovisual e a CUFA : reflexões sobre "soldado do morro'", "falcão-meninos do tráfico" e " 5 x favela - agora por nós mesmos"

A presente pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo da utilização de produtos audiovisuais como um instrumento de produção de significados e legitimação dos “locais” como os “autênticos” representantes da favela. O videoclipe “Soldado do morro” (2000), o documentário “Falcão – Meninos do tráfico” (2006) e o episódio “Arroz com Feijão” do filme “5 x Favela – Agora por nós mesmos” (2010) são nossos objetos de investigação para compreender como a CUFA através desses produtos audiovisuais alcançou o patamar que lhe posicionou como uma das instituições mais representativas das favelas cariocas e de como esse espaço de representação pode operar na lógica de mercado.