The missing link: using the NBER recession indicator to construct coincident and leading indices economic activity

We use the information content in the decisions of the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee to construct coincident and leading indices of economic activity for the United States. We identify the coincident index by assuming that the coincident variables have a common cycle with the unobserved state of the economy, and that the NBER business cycle dates signify the turning points in the unobserved state. This model allows us to estimate our coincident index as a linear combination of the coincident series. We establish that our index performs better than other currently popular coincident indices of economic activity.

The missing link: using the NBER recession indicator to construct coincident and leading indices economic activity

We use the information content in the decisions of the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee to construct coincident and leading indices of economic activity for the United States. We identify the coincident index by assuming that the coincident variables have a common cycle with the unobserved state of the economy, and that the NBER business cycle dates signify the turning points in the unobserved state. This model allows us to estimate our coincident index as a linear combination of the coincident series. We establish that our index performs better than other currently popular coincident indices of economic activity.

The missing link: using the NBER recession indicator to construct coincident and leading indices economic activity

We use the information content in the decisions of the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee to construct coincident and leading indices of economic activity for the United States. We identify the coincident index by assuming that the coincident variables have a common cycle with the unobserved state of the economy, and that the NBER business cycle dates signify the turning points in the unobserved state. This model allows us to estimate our coincident index as a linear combination of the coincident series. We compare the performance of our index with other currently popular coincident indices of economic activity.

Some notes about the determination of current account equilibrium real exchange rate and the relation between real exchange rate and productive specialization

The objective of these notes is to present a simple mathematical model of the determination of current account real exchange rate as defined by Bresser-Pereira (2010); i.e. the real exchange rate that guarantees the inter temporal equilibrium of balance of payments and to show the relation between Real Exchange rate and Productive Specialization at theoretical and empirical level.

Educação e transformação social : formas alternativas de educação em país descolonizado

Neste trabalho é analisada a adequação entre o projeto de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da Guiné~Bissau e seu projeto de educação. O país em estudo é urna ex-col~ nia portuguesa da África que após a independência optou pe la via "autônoma" de desenvolvimento, o que caracteriza a situação de "transformação social". Procura-se verificar se o atual sistema de ensino e os planos oficiais auxiliam a ruptura com a condição ánterior de dependência. O estudo se inicia por urna visão geral da África pré-colonial e da educação difusa que vigorava naquela épo ca. Em seguida, urna descrição da África colonizada por países europeus e as modalidades de educação implantadas pelos colonizadores. Examina-se após isso a África do período das lutas pela independência (década de 60) até os dias atuais, com as diversas opções sócio-econômicas, poli ticas e, particularmente, educacionais adotadas pelos países administrativamente libertos do domínio colonial. ~os demais capítulos analisa-se a Guiné-Bissauern cada período histórico, apresentando-se as ligações entre os interesses sócio-econômicos dominantes e as formas ofi ciais de educação dos africanos: no segundo capítulo, a Guiné pré-colonial, as várias etapas da colonização por tu guesa (a fase mercantilista, durante a monarquia liberal portuguesa, a primeira fase da república na metrópole, a ditadura salazarista anterior e posteriormente ao movimento guineense pela independência) e a luta contra os colonizadores até a libertação total do território (1974) • No terceiro capítulo, os dias Rtuais (fase de "reconstrução nacional") até 1979. são ressaltados diversos aspectos do ensino para comparação entre a fase colonial e o projeto do país inde-pendente: ligação com a atividade produtiva, com as tare·- fas sociais e vida comunitária; prioridades da escolariza ção; escola urbana e rural; gestão escolar; formação de professores; métodos pedagógicos, currículos e disciplinas. A abordagem metodológica e histórico-estrutural. Constata-se a existência de muitos obstáculos ma teriais para a realização do projeto autônomo guineense. Mas apesar das características coloniais persistentes, no ensino são experimentadas soluções criativas que favorecem a independência, baseadas nas prioridades de atendimento das necessidades da população, de gestão democrática das escolas, integração com o trabalho produtivo e "africaniza ção" das disciplinas. -

The influence of lifestyle and gender on sickness absence in brazilian workers

Background: Despite an increasing body of knowledge concerning gender and lifestyle factors as determinants of sickness absence in well-developed countries, the relationship between these variables has not been elucidated in emerging economic power countries, where the burden of non-communicable diseases is particularly high. This study aimed to analyze the relationships among lifestyle-related factors and sick leave and to examine whether gender differences in sickness absence can be explained by differences in socio-demographic, work and lifestyle-related factors among Brazilian workers. Methods: In this longitudinal study with a one year follow-up among 2.150 employees of a Brazilian airline company, sick leave was the primary outcome of interest. Independent variables collected by interview at enrolment in the study were gender, age, educational level, type of work, stress, and lifestyle-related factors (body mass index, physical activity and smoking). In addition, the risk for coronary heart disease was determined based on measurement of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels. The total number of days on sick leave during 12 months follow-up was available from the company register. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of socio-demographic, type of work and lifestyle-related factors on sick leave. Results: Younger employees, those with lower educational level, those who worked as air crew members and those with higher levels of stress were more likely to have sick leave. Body mass index and level of physical activity were not associated with sick leave. After adjustment by socio-demographic variables, increased odds for 10 or more days of sick leave were found in smokers (OR = 1.51, CI = 1.05-2.17), and ex-smokers (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.01-2.10). Women were more likely to have 10 or more days of sick leave. Gender differences were reduced mainly when adjusted for type of work (15%) and educational level (7%). Conclusions: The higher occurrence of sick leave among women than among men was partly explained by type of work and educational level. Our results suggest that type of work, a stressful life, and smoking are important targets for health promotion in this study population