Psicólogo (ser ou não ser?) escolar ou um ator a procura de um papel

Esta dissertação pretende discutir as possibilidades de trabalho do psicólogo na instituição escolar, considerando as comunidades populares como fundamentais no processo educativo realizado com as crianças que delas participam. Num primeiro momento, faço incursões à Psicologia institucional, à pesquisa-ação e aos movimentos sociais, utilizando o materialismo histórico como pano de fundo para a compreensão dessas práticas/teorias. Procuro contextualizar a escola e sua atuação junto a favelas e bairros periféricos e também a Educação que, enquanto pertencente a um projeto capitalista terceiro-mundista, será portadora das contradições e fracassos desse projeto. A partir daí, compreendendo a atuação do psicólogo na escola e a tradição medidora ou terapêutica da Psicologia no Brasil, tento vestir esse ator numa peça onde as contradições afloram à superfície, constatando que o nosso pouco compromisso com as classes populares e com a realidade vivida faz com que sejamos coniventes com essa situação atual e a perpetuemos através de nosso instrumental de trabalho, psicologizando o social e reificando o individualismo, através de teorias e intervenções de consultório. En passant, faço um apanhado de algumas questões acerca da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, pois esta, além de constituir urna prática nova, apresenta várias lacunas por exemplo, falta-lhe um quadro teórico que a lastreie e lhe permita ser reconhecida corno teoria, e não somente como uma técnica ou prática. Num segundo momento, realizo uma pesquisa em uma favela e um trabalho com os professores da escola municipal ali localizada. Juntos fazemos um trabalho de grupo, tentando refletir o cotidiano e entender nossos limites e contradições. Busco também, nesse momento, fazer uma leitura das relações de poder ali existentes, destacando os meandros da burocracia da escola pública enquanto cerceadora e cristalizada, impedindo e escamoteando o emergir dos conflitos. Paralelamente desenvolvo um trabalho com mães de alunos, objetivando a sua participação no processo educativo dos próprios filhos. Considero que, neste aspecto, a sua participação é fundamental e vai garantir a integração da escola à comunidade. A tentativa de atingir esse objetivo é o vir-a-ser da Educação, pois só assim se definirá o seu compromisso com as clásses populares. A priori, tenho consciência das dificuldades que emperram esse tipo de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que reconheço a urgência dessa busca. Uma conclusão a que cheguei é da urgência e da necessidade desse trabalho no atual contexto educacional e para a Psicologia no Brasil. Outra conclusão é de que esse trabalho deve privilegiar os grupos que sofrem diretamente a contradição da Educação e são ligados umbilicalmente às crianças; isto é, as mães e os professores!

How does foreign capital participation affect brazilian companies' performance?: investigation of foreign direct investment's impact on host country

In this dissertation, we investigate the effect of foreign capital participations in Brazilians companies’ performance. To carry out this analysis, we constructed two sets of model based on EBITDA margin and return on equity. Panel data analysis is used to examine the relationship between foreign capital ownership and Brazilian firms’ performance. We construct a cross-section time-series sample of companies listed on the BOVESPA index from 2006 to 2010. Empirical results led us to validate two hypotheses. First, foreign capital participations improve companies’ performance up to a certain level of participation. Then, joint controlled or strategic partnership between a Brazilian company and a foreign investor provide high operating performance.

General equilibrium model with restricted participation in financial markets

The paper analyses a general equilibrium model with financiaI markets in which households may face restrictions in trading financiaI assets such as borrowing constraints and collateral (restricted participation model). However, markets are not assumed to be incomplete. We consider a standard general equilibrium model with H > 1 households, 2 periods and S states of nature in the second period. We show that generically the set of equilibrium allocations ia indeterminate, provided the existence of at least one nominal asset and one household for who some restriction is binding. Suppose there are C > 1 commodities in each state of nature and assets pays in units of some commodity. In this case for each household with binding restrictions it is possible to reduce the set of feasible assets trading and obtain a new equilibrium that utility improve alI those households. There is however an upper bound on the number of households to be improved related to the number of states of nature and the number of commodities. In particular, if the number of households ia smaller than the number of states of nature it is possible to Pareto improve any equilibrium by reducing the feasible choice set for each household.

Neighborhood information exchange and voter participation : an experimental study

We study the effect of social embeddedness on voter turnout by investigating the role of information about other voters’ decisions. We do so in a participation game, where some voters (‘receivers’) are told about some other voters’ (‘senders’) turnout decision at a first stage of the game. Cases are distinguished where the voters support the same or different candidates or where they are uncertain about each other’s preferences. Our experimental results show that such information matters. Participation is much higher when information is exchanged than when it is not. Senders strategically try to use their first mover position and some receivers respond to this.

Defining student participation and empowerment in higher education

Customer participation has been studied for decades; however, it gained a postmodern perspective around the year 2000. Customers have become co-creators of personalized experiences, moving from the audience to the stage. In the educational context, students must take responsibility for their learning process and participate in the production of the service. This changing is providing opportunities and challenges for higher education institutions (HEIs) to redefine their relationship with stakeholders, especially with students. This study is based on the service dominant logic (SDL) perspective because students are assumed to take the role of co-creators of knowledge in the educational setting. The research uses adapted frameworks and concepts applied in organizational, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and also medical studies to advance the understanding of value co-creation in the HEI context. The current study addresses a lack of research in the higher education context focusing on defining students’ participation and students’ empowerment in higher education context. An empirical investigation was developed with traditional schools in Brazil. This investigation allowed the description of the constructs in the specific context. The description of student participation in HEIs context reflects the relevance of three dimensions – information sharing, personal interaction and responsible behavior. In the Brazilian context, responsible behavior is the weakest dimension in the construct, because the responsibilities are unbalanced between students and professors. The main reasons identified for this unbalanced relation were cultural issues and local regulation. Student empowerment was described as composed by four dimensions – meaningfulness, competence, impact and choice; however, one of them – choice – was identified as the weakest dimension, facing cultural and bureaucratic barriers for implementation in the Brazilian educational context. Moreover, interviewees spontaneously cited the idea of trust in the faculty as an important antecedent of student participation that must be considered when analyzing student participation and empowerment mechanisms. An additional contribution was the proposal of a theory-based framework for understanding the service dominant logic perspective in the HEI context, in which student participation and student empowerment were explored as mechanisms leading to positive student behavior toward institution.