Orçamento público como instrumento de gestão na administração pública federal: o caso da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso sobre o uso do orçamento público como instrumento de gestão, abordando a evolução do instituto do orçamento desde o seu surgimento até a aplicação das técnicas modernas atuais nos países mais avançados na matéria orçamentária. Foi traçado um paralelo com o desenvolvimento do orçamento no Brasil, focando principalmente as mudanças introduzidas pela Constituição Federal de 1988 nas finanças do governo e a proposta de transformação das organizações públicas em virtude da reforma administrativa em 1995. A organização estudada foi a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, órgão de ciência e tecnologia em saúde, dedicado à pesquisa, formação de recursos humanos, produção de imunobiológicos e medicamentos, e à prestação de serviços de referência. Constatou-se que o orçamento é utilizado no planejamento de seus objetivos e metas, não se restringindo apenas ao cumprimento das normas emanadas pelo governo federal. Entretanto, por ser uma experiência nova, implantada há apenas cinco anos, necessita ser aprimorada.

The establishment mode choise of German multinational enterprises in Brazil: a comparative approach

We examine the drivers behind the establishment mode choice of German multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the sectors of Automotive, Chemicals and Mechanical Engineering in Brazil for the years 1993-2013 using a novel sample of primary data obtained directly from German MNEs. Based on prevalent theories found in the literature, we test the most common hypotheses on our sample. Firms with high R&D activities and firms with prior market knowledge in Brazil in from of previous sales offices are more likely to enter Brazil by a Greenfield investment. We also show that it is the specific private ownership of the German so-called hidden champions that drive those specific SMEs to enter Brazil by Greenfield, a sneaking suspicion that has been made before. Finally, we show that the establishment mode choice between Brazil and the USA only deviates to a low extent, with German MNEs preferring to enter Brazil by Greenfield and the USA by M&A. Thereby, we provide valuable insights for future research in this field.

The state of the youth: prisons, drugs and car crashes

By virtue of the volume and nature of their attributions, including secondary school as well as problem-areas such as security and traffic, the Brazilian states are the ultimate responsible entities for young people. This study argues in favour of granting greater freedom for the states to define their own public policy parameters to deal with local features and to increase the degree of learning about such actions at the national level. In empirical terms, the study assesses the impacts of new laws, such as the new traffic code (from the joint work with Leandro Kume, EPGE/FGV doctor’s degree student) and traces the statistics for specific questions like drugs, violence and car accidents. The findings show that these questions produce different results for young men and women.The main characters in these dramas are young single males, suggesting the need for more distinguished public policies according not only to age, but also by gender. The study also reveals that the magnitude of these problems changes according to the youth’s social class. Prisons concern poorer men (except for the functional illiterate) while fatal car accidents and the confessed use of drugs concern upper-class boys.