Uma Contribuição à Contabilidade das Sociedades Cooperativas: Estudo de Caso sobre a Contabilização dos Atos Cooperativos e não Cooperativos em uma Cooperativa de Produção Vinícola do Sul do Brasil, de Acordo com a Norma Brasileira de Contabilidade - NBC T 10.8.

The main goal of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the appropriate accounting treatment of the operations in cooperatives, which differentiates them from other Brazilian commercial societies. This treatment is objectively examined under the lens of the norm NBC T 10.8 of Federal Council of Accounting, which determines distinction between cooperative acts and non-cooperative acts. The theoretical foundation of this paperwork is centered in examining, from both the cooperative doctrine and the accounting theory viewpoint, the issues related to the origin, nature and purpose of the cooperatives, as well as the accounting regulation applicable to them. The author developed a method to treat adequately the norm NBC T 10.8 and applied it to a case study of a wine producer cooperative in southern Brazil. As a result of this work, it is demonstrated that NBC T 10.8 eliminated a historical deficiency that permeated the accounting practice in cooperatives, whose accounting procedures - implicit in both technical and scientific content in NBC T 10.8 ¿ are presented in a detailed manner.

Essays in corporate risk management

This research investigates the factors that lead Latin American non-financial firms to manage risks using derivatives. The main focus is on currency risk management. With this purpose, this thesis is divided into an introduction and two main chapters, which have been written as stand-alone papers. The first paper describes the results of a survey on derivatives usage and risk management responded by the CFOs of 74 Brazilian non-financial firms listed at the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA), and the main evidence found is: i) larger firms are more likely to use financial derivatives; ii) foreign exchange risk is the most managed with derivatives; iii) Brazilian managers are more concerned with legal and institutional aspects in using derivatives, such as the taxation and accounting treatment of these instruments, than with issues related to implementing and maintaining a risk management program using derivatives. The second paper studies the determinants of risk management with derivatives in four Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico). I investigate not only the decision of whether to use financial derivatives or not, but also the magnitude of risk management, measured by the notional value of outstanding derivatives contracts. This is the first study, to the best of my knowledge, to use derivatives holdings information in emerging markets. The use of a multi-country setting allows the analysis of institutional and economic factors, such as foreign currency indebtedness, the high volatility of exchange rates, the instability of political and institutional framework and the development of financial markets, which are issues of second-order importance in developed markets. The main contribution of the second paper is on the understanding of the relationship among currency derivatives usage, foreign debt and the sensitivity of operational earnings to currency fluctuations in Latin American countries. Unlikely previous findings for US firms, my evidence shows that derivatives held by Latin American firms are capable of producing cash flows comparable to financial expenses and investments, showing that derivatives are key instruments in their risk management strategies. It is also the first work to show strong and robust evidence that firms that benefit from local currency devaluation (e.g. exporters) have a natural currency hedge for foreign debt that allows them to bear higher levels of debt in foreign currency. This implies that firms under this revenue-cost structure require lower levels of hedging with derivatives. The findings also provide evidence that large firms are more likely to use derivatives, but the magnitude of derivatives holdings seems to be unrelated to the size of the firm, consistent with findings for US firms.

Uma analise comparativa e crítica à luz da doutrina contábil das duas formas de contabilização de leasing: "financiamento x arrendamento": um estudo de casa em arrendatária

Este trabalho objetivou investigar através de um estudo exploratório o atual estágio que se encontra o arrendamento mercantil ( Leasing Financeiro) no Brasil, identificando as disposições legais que orientam o tratamento procedendo a uma análise crítica comparativa das formas de, contabilizar o "leasing". Nesse sentido, procedeu-se a uma revisão bibliográfica das principais abordagens existentes no exterior e no Brasil e a partir das quais se criou o Plano de Referência que fundamentou a pesquisa. Em razão do propósito descritivo e comparativo do trabalho, optou-se pelo estudo de caso, tendo em vista as vantagens que o método oferece. Com base nos dados colhidos da pesquisa, fez-se um reordenamento nas demonstrações contábeis publicadas, de modo a permitir estudo comparativo, quando se utilizar como alternativa a contabilização do "leasing" (arrendamento mercantil) na forma de financiamento. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar as principais distorces nas demonstrações contábeis e fazer uma análise econômico-financeira e, ainda, possibilitaram que se chegasse a importantes conclusões, além de ensejarem algumas recomendações e sugestões para futuras pesquisas.