Impactos emocionais causados pela mudança de estilo de gestão em um hospital na cidade de São Luis-MA

The objective of this study is to identify how a health institution can minimize the emotional impacts caused by the change of a style of classic management for a participative administration, that the workers and controllers can see the institution as a dynamic organization, that must be faced as an alive system, mobile and adaptable, where they is beings that have the right to react and to answer to the stimulatons. For that, the institution can handle motivator¿s instruments that develop in the people the potential to react of adequate way to the changes proposals, as well as increasing the perspective of possible technological improvements and interpersonal relationship between the internal and external customers. To change the style to manage, to hear the staff of support and user, are not part of the routine of the heads that develop classic management. This decision demands adaptation and flexibility, study, update and psychological preparation, to face common feelings to the new. It fits to the new directors, to visualize these feelings and work to minimize, avoiding future upheavals and the confrontation of situations that can harm the production of the company, as well as the quality of the communication between the diverse dimensions of the organization people. In this study case, based in phenomenological methodology, was possible to verify, through half-open interviews and comments, how was faced the feelings caused at the old direction time, composed for military who withheld the power and determined the actions of the hospital in study, was replaced by health professionals, that saw in the work team the best option to solve the problems and the potential to carry through an administration based in adequate strategies the reality of the moment, with the objective of reaching the satisfaction of the customer. Through this work, is possible to prove the theory that the changes cause impacts that affect the behavior of the people involved and cause stress, as well as conclude that despite the new direction show themselves, during the change, much made use to make right and involve all the workers, didn¿t have traced strategies to minimize the emotional impacts caused by the changes, what made all face their feelings of doubts and anxiety without no special care. Many obtained, by themselves, to face and to adapt the new proposals, but some could not assimilate the new administrative methodology and had been moved away definitively from the institution.

Improvements and alternatives to intellectual property: a survey

Uma parcela importante do crescimento econômico é devida a inovações. Esta dissertação revisa a literatura recente em propriedade intelectual. Esta revisão discute os seguintes artigos: Kremer (1998), Boldrin e Levine (2001), Kremer (2001), Shavell e Ypersele (2001), Lerner (2002) e DiMasi, Hansen e Grabowski (2003). Estes contém tanto artigos empíricos quanto teóricos. Na primeira categoria está um artigo sobre efeitos na inovação de mudanças na força das patentes e outro sobre custo de desenvolver novos medicamentos. Os estudos teóricos propõem melhorias e alternativas ao sistema de patentes, por exemplo, recompensas opcionais, compras de patentes, eliminação de patentes em alguns setores e compromisso de compra prévio.

Development, technological change and innovation, Schumpeter and neo-Schumpeterians

This review essay is devoted to a discussion of some central aspects of the Schumpeterian and neo-Schumpeterian approaches to the dynamic processes of development, technological change and innovation. This essay is organised in two parts. In the first, Schumpeter's insightful distinction between circular flow and development is discussed. In the second, some central elements of the neo-Schumpeterian interpretation and extension of Schumpeter's views are critically outlined, special emphasis being placed on some recent attempts to formalize several of his insights on the cyclical dynamics of the processes of technological change and innovation. I should stress that due to space constraints I will focus primarily upon macrotheoretic issues, thus paying only secondary attention to the neo-Schumpeterian literature on the microeconomics of technological change and to the burgeoning empirical developments along those lines.

Endogenous growth with deferred technological change

Lucas (2009) propôs um modelo com dois setores para explicar padrões observados em dados de crescimento. Entretanto, a análise de Lucas não envolve uma decisão intertemporal para o consumidor. O comportamento das variáveis é determinado à priori pela tecnologia escolhida. Rodriguez (2006) propôs um modelo com a tecnologia com dois setores apresentada por Lucas adicionando um processo de decisão intertemporal para o consumidor. Adicionalmente aos resultados obtidos por Rodriguez, nós caracterizamos suficiência e apresentamos exemplos esclarecedores de casos particulares do modelo. Ademais, nós fazemos um esforço para derivar novos insights e esclarecer alguns pontos técnicos. Finalmente, nós obtemos condições sob as quais a economia investe em capital humano mesmo com benefícios diferidos.

Growth, structural change and technological capabilities Latin America in a comparative perspective

Countries differ in terms of technological capabilities and complexity of production structures. According to that, countries may follow different development strategies: one based on extracting rents from abundant endowments, such as labor or natural resources, and the other focused on creating rents through intangibles, basically innovation and knowledge accumulation. The present article studies international convergence and divergence, linking structural change with trade and growth through a North South Ricardian model. The analysis focuses on the asymmetries between Latin America and mature and catching up economies. Empirical evidence supports that a shift in the composition of the production structure in favor of R&D intensive sectors allows achieving higher rates of growth in the long term and increases the capacity to respond to demand changes. A virtuous export-led growth requires laggard countries to reduce the technological gap with respect to more advanced ones. Hence, abundance of factor endowments requires to be matched with technological capabilities development for countries to converge in the long term.

Trabalhadores de saúde (1900-1920): contribuição para a sua história

Atualmente o mundo do trabalho passa por profundas transformações na sua base técnica provocadas pela Terceira Revolução Industrial. É um período marcado pela crescente destruição de postos de trabalho e pela certeza de que profissões desaparecerão, apesar de não se saber quais e em que setores e com que velocidade isso ocorrerá Contraditoriamente, a flexibilidade das novas tecnologias vem exigindo flexibilidade educacional e elevação dos patamares da educação formal da população. Historicamente, as tecnologias socialmente produzidas pelos homens, sob a forma material ou imaterial, tanto destruiu postos de trabalho, como prescindiu da escola para os imperativos da valorização do capital. Isto é o que podemos verificar nesse estudo, com a análise da aplicação tecnológica do saber socialmente produzido na "era dos micróbios". Saber determinado por essas relações, determina novas práticas sanitárias e o deslocamento dos desinfectadores como categoria profissional, criando uma nova especialidade para uma recente categoria de trabalhadores: a das enfermeiras profissionais. Sob a égide do paradigma taylorista, "fórmula moderna" encontrada pelo capital para objetivar a trabalho de base manual, este é reduzido à tarefa no processo de mecanização do próprio homem. A partir dessas referências históricas e do pressuposto de que a produção do conhecimento tem sua gênese nas relações sociais do trabalho, nas relações sociais de produção, destacamos o desafio de pensar a construção de uma nova baSe de qualificação dos trabalhadores, numa sociedade que ainda mantém o estigma de uma cultura escravocrata.Estas bases que tem no trabalho dos homens o seu norte, apontam na direção de uma fonnação ampla para os trabalhadores e não do reducionismo profissionalizante da teoria do Capital Humano.

Implications of ernbodied technological change for development economics

Employing a embodied technologic change model in which the time decision of scrapping old vintages of capital and adopt newer one is endogenous we show that the elasticity of substitutions among capital and labor plays a key role in determining the optimum life span of capital. In particular, for the CD case the life span of capital does not depend on the relative price of it. The estimation of the model's long-run investment function shows, for a Panel data set consisting of 125 economies for 25 years, that the price elasticity of investment is lower than one; we rejected the CD specification. Our calibration for the US suggests 0.4 for the technical elasticity of substitution. In order to get a theoretical consistent concept of aggregate capital we derive the relative price profile for a shadow second-hand market for capital. The shape of the model's theoretical price curve reproduces the empírical estimation of it. \lVe plug the calibrate version of the long-run solution of the model to a cross-section of economies data set to get the implied TFP, that is, the part of the productivity which is not explained by the model. We show that the mo dei represent a good improvement, comparing to the standard neoc!assical growth model with CD production function and disembodied technical change, in accounting the world diversity in productivity. In addition the model describes the fact that a very poor economy can experience fast growth based on capital accumulation until the point of becoming a middle income economy; from this point on it has to rely on TFP increase in order to keep growing.

Investment-specific technological change and the Brazilian macroeconomy

We studied the effects of changes in banking spreads on distributions of income, wealth and consumption as well as the welfare of the economy. This analysis was based on a model of heterogeneous agents with incomplete markets and occupational choice, in which the informality of firms and workers is a relevant transmission channel. The main finding is that reductions in spreads for firms increase the proportion of entrepreneurs and formal workers in the economy, thereby decreasing the size of the informal sector. The effects on inequality, however, are ambiguous and depend on wage dynamics and government transfers. Reductions in spreads for individuals lead to a reduction in inequality indicators at the expense of consumption and aggregate welfare. By calibrating the model to Brazil for the 2003-2012 period, it is possible to find results in line with the recent drop in informality and the wage gap between formal and informal workers.

A technological innovation for capsicums production in Peru: the mechatronics arms

Peru agricultural exports have increased in recent years due to (i) free trade agreements with many countries (United States, Canada, European Union, China, Thailand, Singapore, Japan, Chile, among others), (ii) an increasing international demand for healthy products, (iii) country´s economic development and (iv) more private investments in this sector (Velazco 2012). Also, if we can compare among Peru three main regions (Coast, Andean highlands and the Jungle), It is the Coast (western region) that has a developed agricultural production due to unique weather conditions, private investments, public infrastructure, transport costs and quality of land (Gomez, 2008). This country development is also related to the production of non-traditional products for export like asparagus, artichokes, capsicums, bananas, grapes, among others; produced by agro industrial companies and small farmers and that are mainly labor intensive (Gomez, 2008 and Velazco, 2012). This very successful export diversification and self-discovery process was the result of a combination of strong natural comparative advantages (mainly excellent agro climatic conditions) and a significant innovation effort. It meant the introduction and expansion of new products and markets, the entry of new firms, and experimental research and the adoption of new techniques and process technologies developed abroad (in irrigation, crop management, post-harvesting, sanitary control, storage and packing) to produce high-quality, niche (gourmet) and higher value-added products, in line with consumer trends in sophisticated food markets. In products such as asparagus, mango, organic coffee and capsicums, Peru has become a leading world exporter (OECD). For this reason one of the government main tasks for the next years is to meet urgent agriculture producer’s needs in the areas of technological Innovation and business management (MINAG). In this context, this thesis analyzes the applicability of a new technology – the mechatronic arms – specifically to capsicums production sector in Peru. We chose Capsicums production sector (paprika, chilli pepper) because is mainly labor intensive and is the sector where my family company (DIROSE SAC) operates. This innovation consists in a 40 arms mechatronic combine, and it was first created in order to improve the efficiency on the labor intensive phase of harvest for this kind of agriculture products. It is estimated that a laborer with brief training operating the machine would be equivalent to 40 people that not only would work during daytime, but also on the night shift as well. Also, using this new technology can allow a company to make additional crops that would increase their yields and annual revenues. This thesis was developed as a business plan to make this new product available for other agriculture companies that operates in the capsicums production sector in Peru; however, this new technology has the potential to be modified in order to be available to other kind of agriculture products, in Peru and other countries.

Satisfação da lei de acesso à informação através do sistema de compras eletrônicas do governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro: a transparência proporcionada pelo Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Aquisições – SIGA

Esta Dissertação analisa em que medida os critérios contidos na Lei 12.527/11, conhecida como a Lei de Acesso à Informação, são atendidos pelo Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Aquisições – SIGA, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O pilar desta pesquisa é o inciso IV do art. 8º da referida Lei, que determina a divulgação dos registros de despesas, juntamente com os procedimentos licitatórios e os contratos celebrados, objetivando especialmente, transparência dos gastos públicos. A efetivação das compras públicas através da internet, é uma implementação da governança eletrônica, dimensão política mais avançada do governo eletrônico, proporcionando inúmeras vantagens como a celeridade nos processos licitatórios. Além disso, as transações efetuadas por meio de sistema são facilmente rastreáveis por auditorias. As informações registradas em um ambiente único garantem o cumprimento integrado de normas diminuindo erros. O pregão na forma eletrônica é, atualmente, a modalidade mais utilizada pela Administração Pública, pois vem ao encontro das demandas por transparência nos atos públicos E a análise apresentada neste trabalho É recomendada por destacara relevância da análise do site de compras eletrônicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Aquisições – SIGA. Para criar um parâmetro entre o SIGA e os sistemas utilizados por outros Estados, foram analisadas informações disponibilizadas nos pregões ocorridos durante o ano de 2014. Esta pesquisa mais ampla objetiva balizar o SIGA, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, montando um ranking de transparência E o site ficou em quarto lugar, empatado com o Estado do Amazonas, atrás de São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul e Mato Grosso.A metodologia qualitativa favoreceu a leitura valorativa do emprego do SIGA, em busca do atendimento a política pública de significativo impacto social da modalidade enfocada devido a resultados rápidos e abertura participativa de acompanhamento cidadão.As entrevistas reforçaram essa característica inerente à postura qualitativa do estudo, com percepções e informações oportunas.As considerações finais destacam avanços e limitações nos sistemas de compras eletrônicas governamentais existentes. O Siga, embora consolidado, em uso desde 2009, por todos os órgãos estaduais do Rio de Janeiro, necessita, ainda, aperfeiçoamento a implantar-se durante 2015, quando novas pesquisas devem acompanhar o movimento.

Knowledge disclosure as a weapon in technological change battles: straight shot or backfire?

This work aims at evaluating how effective is knowledge disclosure in attenuating institutional negative reactions caused by uncertainties brought by firms’ new strategies that respond to novel technologies. The empirical setting is from an era of technological ferment, the period of the introduction of the voice over internet protocol (VoIP) in the USA in the early 2000’s. This technology led to the convergence of the wireline telecommu- nications and cable television industries. The Institutional Brokers’ Estimate System (also known as the I/B/E/S system) was used to capture reactions of securities analysts, a revealed important source of institutional pressure on firms’ strategies. For assessing knowledge disclosure, a coding technique and a established content analysis framework were used to quantitatively measure the non-numerical and unstructured data of transcripts of business events occurred at that time. Eventually, several binary response models were tested in order to assess the effect of knowledge disclosure on the probability of institutional positive reactions. The findings are that the odds of favorable institutional reactions increase when a specific kind of knowledge is disclosed. It can be concluded that knowledge disclosure can be considered as a weapon in technological changes situations, attenuating adverse institutional reactions to the companies’ strategies in environments of technological changes.