Monetary equilibrium with decentralized trade and learning

This paper analyzes the stability of monetary regimes in an economy where fiat money is endogenously created by the government, information about its value is imperfect, and learning is decentralized. We show that monetary stability depends crucially on the speed of information transmission in the economy. Our model generates a dynamic on the acceptability of fiat money that resembles historical accounts of the rise and eventual collapse of overissued paper money. It also provides an explanation of the fact that, despite its obvious advantages, the widespread use of fiat money is only a recent development.

Desenvolvimento ontogenético da noção de causalidade

Este trabalho constitui uma proposta de interpretação das interseções da psicologia social e do desenvolvimento, realizada através de uma análise crítica do estado atual das pesquisas acerca do desenvolvimento da noção de causalidade, com o objetivo de incentivar quer estudos e novas investigações, quer a adequação de técnicas de ensino e aprendizagem relativos aos conhecimentos empíricos. Inicialmente, procede-se a um exame das concepções filosóficas, procurando-se identificar as origens das diferentes problemáticas posteriormente tratadas pela psicologia. Em seguida, são abordados três modelos psicológicos de investigação da causalidade: modelo perceptivo, modelo psicogenético e modelo social. A evidência empírica obtida durante aproximadamente meio século de pesquisas é apreciada ,a fim de avaliar os rumos que as principais linhas de investigação têm tomado. Finalmente, efetua-se uma avaliação do modelo psicogenético através da apreciação dos resultados dos testes a que suas hipóteses foram submetidas. Sugere-se, então, uma linha de pesquisa que integre aspectos de todos os modelos apresentados.

Child labor and learning

This paper investigates the impact of working while in school on learning outcomes through the use of a unique micro panel dataset of Brazilian students. The potential endogeneity is addressed through the use of di erence-in-di erence and instrumental variable estimators. A negative e ect of working on learning outcomes in both math and Portuguese is found. The e ects of child work range from 3% to 8% of a standard deviation decline in test score which represents a loss of about a quarter to a half of a year of learning on average. We also explore the minimum legal age to entry in the labor market to induce an exogenous variation in child labor status. The results reinforce the detrimental e ects of child labor on learning. Additionally, it is found that this e ect is likely due to the interference of work with the time kids can devote to school and school work.

New challenges for international economic law teaching and research in México: Mexico’s outstanding waves of reforms

This position paper argues that at this time of Mexico’s ongoing big transformation, legal educators and researchers in Mexico need to pay greater attention to international economic law, and that a renewal and perhaps some re-orientation of the approach to teaching international economic law, could provide significant contributions to and shape and support both the objectives and outcomes of reform in Mexico. International Economic Law courses and research can be made more useful, not only for students themselves, but also for their contribution towards the role that academics, lawyers, and other epistemic communities need to play in the political, economic and social evolution that is accelerating in Mexico.