La institucionalidad del salario mínimo en Brasil

El reajuste del salario mínimo (SM) es una de las materias de política pública que suscita más debate en Brasil, debido a sus múltiples efectos sobre los más diversos segmentos de la economía. Por ejemplo, si aumentara demasiado, se podría generar un deterioro en la cantidad y calidad del empleo, dado que se perderían algunos puestos de trabajo, mientras que en otros habría una migración hacia el sector informal del merca do de trabajo. Paralelamente, el incremento del SM produce una ganancia de bienestar para las personas que permanecen empleados. Según sus críticos, la existencia de este instrumento implica una restricción para el crecimiento del empleo agregado además de generar impactos adversos sobre el equilibrio presupuestario fiscal, por el mayor gasto en la previsión social, el seguro de desempleo y otros elementos del llamado estado de bienestar brasileño.

Decent work and the informal sector in Brazil

Brazil has a substantial share – about 60% by some measures - of its employees working without labor registry and 62% of its private sector workers not contributing to social security. Informality is important because its job precaurioness, social desprotection consequences, and it is also very correlated with poverty and other social welfare concepts measured at a family level. 58% of the country population that is found below the indigent line live in families headed by informal workers. The complexity of the informal sector is derived from the multiple relevant dimensions of jobs quality. The basis used for guiding policy interventions depends on which effect of informality one is interested such: as lowering job precaurioness, increasing occupational risks, increasing the degree of protection against adverse shocks, allowing that good oportunities to be taken by the credit provision, improving informal workers families living conditions, implementing afirmative actions, reducing tax evasion etc. This report gauges various aspects of the informal sector activities in Brazil over the last decades. Our artistic constraint are the available sources of information. The final purpose is to help the design of policies aimed to assist those that hold “indecent” jobs

Labor legislation and the size of informal sector in Brazil

This paper studies the increase in the rate of informal workers in the Brazilian economy that occurred between 1985 and 1999. We develop an overlapping generations model with incomplete markets in which agents are ex-post heterogeneous. We calibrate it to match some features of the Brazilian economy for 1985. We conduct a policy experiment which reproduces the 1988 constitution reforms that increased the retirement benefits and labor costs in the formal sector. We show that these reforms can explain the increase in informal labor. Then, we conduct a policy experiment and analyze its impact on the Brazilian economy.

Setor informal e gênero: uma discussão conceitual e o caso da região metropolitana de São Paulo

A questão da mulher e o trabalho tem sido analisada sob diferentes perspectivas, que, por sua vez, têm sido bastante criticadas por simplificarem a questão. Este trabalho propõe que a questão da mulher e sua situação no trabalho, em particular no trabalho considerado precário, seja examinada sob a perspectiva de gênero. Esta oferece uma possibilidade analítica que permite um exame mais profundo das condições e diferenças entre mulheres e homens na esfera do trabalho.