Diagnóstico das micro e pequenas empresas da cadeia produtiva moveleira da serra gaúcha : importância para o desenvolvimento setorial

The increasing of afluence demands the companies to be competitive and have a deep knowledge about the area wich they are participating. Through the search of management and produtive information, and the analisys of internal and external information, the company could identify strong and weak points , threats and oportunities, alowing the obtaince of competitive advantages. This research shows the result of a close search study about the usage of strategic planning and management technics, setting in evidence the necessity of micro and small furniture companies and furniture supply chain, represented in this case by sub-contract companies. Still looking to accentuate the importance that this study will represent to the setorial development, specially to the furniture companies wich have a big importance due to the report of small utilization of management technics in the sub-contract companies. Through analisys, it was possible to find out some common caracteristics in all 171 conmpanies evaluated, wich are showing likely 'sinalization', such as: - lower level os scholarship (96,5% elementary school, 3% until high school, 0,5% university/college graduration); - external market from Brazilian MPE¿s (5% export products to Mercosul and just 1% export products to Latin America, absenting exportations to other markets); - carefree with modern technics of management, certificates ISO 9000, 14000, MRP, CQT, among others; - carefree with strategic planning; - lower utilization of operacionl procedures, rules and function description; - ignoring the participating of market; - lower utilization of human resources index as a management form; - Small utilization of costs tabs (31%), with a small informatization level (8%) and apllying with non-management form; - low utilization of quality statistics (4%), re-working index (9%), among others. In syntesis, the basis expose that the great marjority of companies don¿t have knowledge about planning and the modern technics of management.

Influência da composição do grupo (turma escolar), entre crianças da primeira serie do 1. grau, sobre a estrutura sócio-afetiva

Neste estudo discutem-se as influências da forma de composição do grupo (turma escolar), entre crianças da primeira série do 1º Grau, em função da maturidade necessária à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, relativamente à estrutura e mudança da estrutura sócio-afetiva. O problema teve origem no questionamento em torno do valor da prática e suas possíveis influências sobre o desenvolvimento social da criança que, por volta dos sete anos de idade - coincidindo com a entrada para a escola - é mais fortemente incrementado. O suporte teórico do estudo é dado pela Teoria de Campo de Kurt Lewin. O percentual de indicações positivas (PIP) , o percentual de indicações negativas (PIN) , o destaque da posição sociométrica (D), a qualidade do destaque (Qd) , e a mudança das posições sociométricas dos indivíduos nos grupos (MPS) , - constituiram-se em indicadores da variável composição do grupo. Do estudo realizado conclui-se que as formas homogênea e heterogênea de composição do grupo influenciaram de maneira não significativamente diferente em relação à estrutura e a mudança da estrutura sócio-afetiva do grupo, sendo, portanto, injustificada a prática da homogeneização das classes escolares em relação a estes aspectos.

Effects on school enrollment and performance of a conditional transfers program in Mexico

We study the effects of a conditional transfers program on school enrollment and performance in Mexico. We provide a theoretical framework for analyzing the dynamic educational decision and process inc1uding the endogeneity and uncertainty of performance (passing grades) and the effect of a conditional cash transfer program for children enrolled at school. Careful identification of the program impact on this model is studied. This framework is used to study the Mexican social program Progresa in which a randomized experiment has been implemented and allows us to identify the effect of the conditional cash transfer program on enrollment and performance at school. Using the mIes of the conditional program, we can explain the different incentive effects provided. We also derive the formal identifying assumptions needed to provide consistent estimates of the average treatment effects on enrollment and performance at school. We estimate empirically these effects and find that Progresa had always a positive impact on school continuation whereas for performance it had a positive impact at primary school but a negative one at secondary school, a possible consequence of disincentives due to the program termination after the third year of secondary school.

The long-term effects of conditional cash transfers on child labor and school enrollment

This paper investigates the long-term e ects of conditional cash transfers on school attainment and child labor. To this end, we construct a dynamic heterogeneous agent model, calibrate it with Brazilian data, and introduce a policy similar to the Brazilian Bolsa Fam lia. Our results suggest that this type of policy has a very strong impact on educational outcomes, sharply increasing primary school completion. The conditional transfer is also able to reduce the share of working children from 22% to 17%. We then compute the transition to the new steady state and show that the program actually increases child labor over the short run, because the transfer is not enough to completely cover the schooling costs, so children have to work to be able to comply with the program's schooling eligibility requirement. We also evaluate the impacts on poverty, inequality, and welfare.