After balance of powers diplomacy, globalization´s politics

The September 11th episode not only marked the end of the Cold War, but of the Balance of Powers Diplomacy, through which the nation-states defin e themselves as enemies, and solve their problems with war or war threat. Today the major countries do not have enemies among other nation-states. Slowly Globalization’s Politics replace the previous system, as long as globalization gets regulated, and the rule of law emerges at international level. In the global world we have three types of countries: the rich, the ones of intermediary development, and the poor. Globalization is inherently unjust to the latter. Unable to compete in a world where competition prevails everywhere, such countries are either just outside the system, or, frustrated, recur to terrorism. Interests, however, do not point out only in the direction of inequalities. Through politics, i.e., through debate and argument, it will be possible to create a less unjust international law system. And also though it, the hope in an international government ceases to be a mere utopia.

Agenda social nos territórios pacificados: um estudo sobre o Programa Territórios da Paz à luz da construção teórica em gestão social

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o Programa de Gestão Social em Territórios Pacificados – Territórios da Paz à luz da construção teórica da Gestão Social na academia. Com base na literatura sobre Gestão Social, buscou-se identificar as diferentes vertentes que orientam a sua discussão. Somado a isto, foram discutidos ao longo do referencial teórico questões que favorecem o entendimento do contexto no qual está inserido o Programa Territórios da Paz, tais como as favelas, política de segurança pública e o projeto de pacificação em curso na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tendo em vista o discurso adotado pelo Programa Territórios da Paz, optou-se por analisa-lo a partir de algumas categorias de avaliação de processos participativos deliberativos, quais sejam: Processos de Discussão, Inclusão, Pluralismo e Bem Comum. Os dados foram coletados, em um primeiro momento, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Em seguida, foram realizadas entrevistas junto aos gestores sociais responsáveis pela condução do programa estudado nos diferentes territórios. Em suma, os resultados apontam para a existência de espaços para discussão, contudo sem capacidade deliberativa. Em alguns momentos, as características do que foi denominado um Programa de Gestão Social se aproximam das características da Gestão Estratégica, cujo arcabouço conceitual e instrumental se apoia sobre mecanismos de tomada de decisão baseados na hierarquia e conhecimento técnico.

Do police reduce crime? Estimates using the allocation of police forces after a terrorist attack

An important challenge in the crime literature is to isolate causal effects of police on crime. Following a terrorist attack on the main Jewish center in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in July 1994, all Jewish institutions (including schools, synagogues, and clubs) were given 24-hour police protection. Thus, this hideous event induced a geographical allocation of police forces that can be presumed to be exogenous in a crime regression. Using data on the location of car thefts before and after the terrorist attack, we find a large deterrent effect of observable police presence on crime. The effect is local, with little or no appreciable impact outside the narrow area in which the police are deployed.

Geographical externalities and the Pacifying Police Units Program in Rio de Janeiro

The paper quantifies the effects on violence and police activity of the Pacifying Police Unit program (UPP) in Rio de Janeiro and the possible geographical spillovers caused by this policy. This program consists of taking selected shantytowns controlled by criminals organizations back to the State. The strategy of the policy is to dislodge the criminals and then settle a permanent community-oriented police station in the slum. The installation of police units in these slums can generate geographical spillover effects to other regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. We use the interrupted time series approach proposed by Gonzalez-Navarro (2013) to address effects of a police when there is contagion of the control group and we find that criminal outcomes decrease in areas of UPP and in areas near treated regions. Furthermore, we build a model which allows to perform counterfactuals of this policy and to estimate causal effects in other areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro outside the city.