O novo sistema de análise prévia dos atos de concentração e a questão do Gun-Jumping: traçando parâmetros para as empresas

Em 29 de maio de 2012 entrou em vigor a Lei nº 12.529/2011, que introduziu no Brasil o sistema de análise prévia dos atos de concentração. Nesse novo regime, as empresas deverão preservar as condições de concorrência entre si e não mais poderão consumar a operação antes de sua aprovação pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), sob pena de violarem as regras do sistema de análise prévia das operações, i.e., praticarem gun-jumping ilegal. Contudo, nem a Nova Lei, nem o Novo Regimento Interno do CADE especificaram quais práticas implicariam a consumação da operação. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho buscou identificar parâmetros, através da experiência americana e europeia e da análise de acordos de preservação da reversibilidade da operação, que pudessem auxiliar as empresas a conduzirem suas atividades no momento que antecede a aprovação da operação.

An economic model of gun control

Guns stolen from law-abiding households provide the principal source of guns for criminals. The lethality of crime instruments increases with the availability of guns, so the gun market is subject to externalities that generate excessive ownership and inadequate spending on protective measures to deter gun theft. One motive for gun ownership is self defense, and the gun market is subject to coordination failure: the more guns purchased lawfully, the more will be stolen by criminals, so the greater the incentive for lawful . consumers to purchase guns for self defense. As a result, there may be multiple equilibria in the gun market and more than one equilibrium crime rate. We show that a simple refundable deposit for guns will internalize the externalities in the gun market and may cause large downward jumps in gun ownership, the lethality of crime instruments, and the social costs of crime.

Projeto de reestruturação organizacional de uma empresa de construção civil : um projeto de consultoria

The managerial diagnostic carried out at Construtora e Incorporadora A. Bueno Ltda. ¿ CIAB, points to an administrative structure within the concepts of the Classic Theory of Administration. We believe that, to the solution of its operations, it is necessary to turn to the main principle of the Theory of Administration (preview, organize, command, coordinate and control) as a way of finding, according to Taylor and Fayol studies, one possible solution to this case. Nevertheless, the companies adopt other administrative approaches on its operational process although, we understand that nothing has changed, they are still dependent and/or are connected to the principles of these classic authors. So, to the solution of the internal disorganized problems, it is priority the introduction of administrative processes and also the restructuring of the operational processes such as: the study of the time and movement, the rationalization of the physical and material efforts, the supplement of objectives and profitability. Then, according to Fayol the administration is not an exclusive privilege and a personal responsibility of the boss or the leaders of the company; it is a function that shares, like other essential functions, among the head and the members of the company. Consequently, to Fayol, the administration is the search of the maxim prosperity to all involved. So, this study has the aim to elaborate a consultant project to the organizational structurate of the CIAB company, according to the Theory of the Administration.

O crime de drogas e a violência em São Paulo: uma análise a partir da Lei de Drogas

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o efeito da Lei nº 11.343/06 (Lei de Drogas) sobre o crime de tráfico e porte de drogas e a relação entre crimes de drogas e outros crimes. Para isso, são exploradas as variações da Lei de Drogas, através de análises de regressões com descontinuidade e com variável instrumental, além de estimações com dados em painel, em busca de um efeito causal entre drogas e violência. Como resultados, a Lei de Drogas parece não ter efeito negativo significativo sobre crimes de drogas. Por outro lado, crimes de drogas apresentam uma associação negativa sobre crimes de furto e uma relação positiva com crimes de formação de quadrilha. Para cada redução de 100 crimes de drogas (por mil habitantes) associa-se um aumento de 3,6 crimes de furto (por mil habitantes) e uma diminuição de 27 crimes de formação de quadrilha (por mil habitantes). Não são encontrados efeitos robustos sobre roubos, homicídios, latrocínios, estupros, crimes de lesão corporal e porte de arma de fogo.

Comparison and analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of the top five companies ranked on the 2013 CSR RepTrak

In the 1970s, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was discussed by Nobel laureate Milton Friedman in his article “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.” (Friedman, 1970). His view on CSR was contemptuous as he referred to it as “hypocritical window-dressing” a reflection of the view of Corporate America on CSR back then. For a long time short-term maximization of shareholder value was the only maxim for top management across industries and companies. Over the last decade, CSR has become a more important and relevant factor of a company’s reputation, shifting the discussion from whether CSR is necessary to how best CSR commitments should be done (Smith, 2003). Inevitably, companies do have an environmental, social and economic impact, thereby imposing social costs on current and future generations. In 2013, 50 of the world biggest companies have been responsible for 73 percent of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (Global 500 Climate Change Report 2013). Post et al. (2002) refer to these social costs as a company’s need to retain its “license to operate”. In the late 1990s, CSR reporting was nearly unknown, which drastically changed during the last decade. Allen White, co-founder of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), said that CSR reporting”… has evolved from the extraordinary to the exceptional to the expected” (Confino, 2013). In confirmation of this, virtually all of the world’s largest 250 companies report on CSR (93%) and reporting by now appears to be business standard (KPMG, 2013). CSR reports are a medium for transparency which may lead to an improved company reputation (Noked, 2013; Thorne et al, 2008; Wilburn and Wilburn, 2013). In addition, it may be used as part of an ongoing shareholder relations campaign, which may prevent shareholders from submitting Environmental and Social (E&S)1 proposals (Noked, 2013), based on an Ernst & Young report 1 The top five E&S proposal topic areas in 2013 were: 1. Political spending/ lobbying; 2. Environmental sustainability; 3. Corporate diversity/ EEO; 4.Labor/ human rights and 5. Animal testing/ animal welfare. Three groups of environmental sustainability proposal topics of sub-category number two (environmental sustainability) 6 2013, representing the largest category of shareholder proposals submitted. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) even goes as far as to claim that CSR reports are “…becoming critical to a company’s credibility, transparency and endurance.” (PwC, 2013).