Operations strategy in perspective: the means for achieving superior performance

Manufacturing strategy has been widely studied and it is increasingly gaining attention. It has a fundamental role that is to translate the business strategy to the operations by developing the capabilities that are needed by the company in order to accomplish the desired performance. More precisely, manufacturing strategy comprises the decisions that managers take during a certain period of time in order to achieve a desire result. These decisions are related to which operational practices and resources are implemented. Our goal was to identify the relationship between these two decisions with operational performance. We based our arguments on the resource-based view for identifying sources of competitive advantage. Hence, we argued that operational practices and resources affect positively the operational performances. Additionally, we proposed that in the presence of some resources the implementation of operational practices would lead to a greater performance. We used previous scales for measuring operational practices and performance, and developed new constructs for resources. The data used is part of the High Performance Manufacturing project and the sample is composed by 291 plants. Through confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions we found that operational practices to a certain extant are positively related to operational performance. More specifically, the results show that JIT and customer orientation practices have a positive relationship with quality, delivery, flexibility, and cost performances. Moreover, we found that resources like technology and people explain a great variance of operational performance.

Juizados Especiais Criminias da Comarca da Capital do Estado do RIo de janeiro: Desafios organizacionais

The Judicial Authority has more and more prominence for the principal place on the public discussion. His role performed as political institution and agency in charged of the jurisdiction installment has been object of discussion. Frequently diagnostics are made about a crisis that include the Judicial System. At the same way are made diverse changes, searching transform from formalities until the ritual of fill a job of Judge. We¿re certainly, by this point of view, far from the period that the judicial questions were corresponded to jurisconsult. The discussion has increased, calling to order not only jurisconsult but also members of Congress, press and of the civil organisms. Thus international organisms, despite their economic issues, entered at the discussion being watchful to the emergency reforms to be taken by the Judicial Authority. However, although the changes end the relative agreement of the emerging crisis, the Judicial System continue to be unknown. Still now with the beginning of the Juizados Especiais Criminais, the organizational form originated in 1995. The main core of the discussion about Juizados Especiais Criminais is centralized in isolated cases instead of a global analysis, resulting of the join between data and observations about historic series. The final object of this dissertation is centered on the analysis of the activities of the organizational variables of the Juizados Especiais Criminais da Comarca da Capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro in its first years of functioning.

A Influência do atributo de segurança na segmentação dos consumidores de carne suína da região fronteira noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul

This document constitutes itself a thesis for a master¿s, partial fulfillment for getting a master¿s degree in Public and Business Management. The subject is a research on the influence of the attribute of safety in the segmentation of pork in the northwest border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, involving a bibliographic review related to the theme, and also an explorative research in order to identify the characteristics of the sector. From this information, a descriptive research is carried out from data collected in stores wich commercialize pork products in Santa Rosa, reaching a comprehensive undestanding on the subject. The main results of the research are the theoretical building of the thematic support concerning the safety of the food; the use of interviews aiming at verifying the importance of different attributes of pork which the consumer consider important and also the identification of segments based on these assessments. The conclusions from the research show that the consumers in general consider of high importance the safety of the food, and it is due to the fact that pork is still considered a product which offers a high risk at consumption. Consumers still have a preconceived idea about pork, because years ago, hog breeding was conducted with precarious standards of hygiene. It is imperative that the related business and producers divulge the advances of the sector in order to destroy this negative concept. The study identified three segments of market to the consumer of in natura pork: the first emphasized attributes are the inspection and the presentation of the product (cluster 1), flavour and softness stand out as the second ones. Finally, the third most important attributes that consumers consider when picking a pork product are its price and its aspect. It also favours further studies wich can provide the formulation of new marketing strategies to order products that form part of this agrolimentary system, giving this segment opportunity to boost its business and improve its approach to its consumer.

REPETRO - Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Importação e Exportação de Bens Destinados à Pesquisa e Lavra de Petróleo e Gás: análise dos entraves e propostas de soluções

REPETRO, the special tax regime for importing and exporting goods for the exploration and drilling of oil and gas, aims at bringing foreign assets to Brazil enjoying a suspension or even an exemption of taxes, so that Brazilian industry may profit from about 8 billion American dollars in investments. The creation of normative devices as well as the management of the REPETRO model are under the exclusive responsibility of the Brazilian Internal Revenue Services. REPETRO was created in 1999 and is composed of the following customs treatments: importation of goods with suspension of taxes by use of the drawback special regime, suspension mode for national exporting industry; exportation with fictitious exit for the national industry; temporary admission of goods or assets used in oil exploration and production, attending to the needs of both the national and foreign market. Considering the inability of the Brazilian government in restructuring its foreign trade model so that a strong investment in technology could provide for the sector¿s needs, we must ask how we can change REPETRO to help the various companies in the oil business? The issue is very important for one of our main economic activities, though not enough studied. The energy sector has a strategic importance for the development and the economic independence of any country. The winds of globalization lead Brazil to open its economy in the last decade and the national policy for exploration and drilling (E&D) was altered. The government created a new agency dedicated to market control and energy policies, the National Agency for Oil and Biofuels (ANP). With the opening of the market, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras, the Brazilian giant, lost the monopoly of the oil business. The P-50 Platform, with a capacity for 180,000 barrels per day, was imported based on REPETRO. When it began operating on April 21st, 2006, Brazil achieved self-sufficiency in oil production. The present work intends to estimate the main variables affecting the importation and exportation of goods and assets for E&D, showing how REPETRO works. We also intend to look at the results yielded by the REPETRO model for the development of the production of oil and gas in Brazil, as well as show proposals for its modernization. It has been established that even though since its implementation the REPETRO model has brought fiscal advantages through the reduction of tax costs relating to foreign commerce operations and the incentive of investments in the E&D area with the increase in the national oil production there remain the following limitations: lack of preparation and of knowledge of the model; lack of adjustement of the model to the reality of actitity of E&D of oil and gas; taxes over the pre-operational stage or investment in oil production stage; non-allowance of full access by the national industry to the supply of goods and products relating to the industrialization of goods allowed by REPETRO; other fiscal and administrative difficulties. We conclude that the REPETRO model is important for the development of the area of E&D of oil and gas, but not completely effective. It is necessary to change it or create a new model based on a new perspective of the customs treatment of the activities of exploration and production, minimizing administrative procedures relating to the operations of exportation and importation.

Uso estratégico da tecnologia de informação no agribusiness: modelo conceitual para a gestão de estoques e custos de café por qualidade

Os produtores e as Cooperativas de Produtores de Café atuam em um ambiente incerto e competitivo, e estão enfrentando dificuldades de adaptação ao novo cenário econômico e tecnológico mundial. Para ter sucesso no empreendimento é necessário não apenas saber produzir, mas principalmente saber comercializar o café. O tradicional problema de decisão sobre como determinar o melhor momento de vender o café foi agravado pela globalização econômica (aumento da concorrência e crescente exigência em qualidade) e pelo advento da Tecnologia da Informação - TI - (grande quantidade de informações sobre o mercado de café, obtidas de modo desestruturado e às vezes de idoneidade duvidosa). Para avaliar oportunidades e realidades do uso estratégico da TI para a gestão das cooperativas de cafeicultores, considerou-se neste trabalho um problema específico: a questão do controle de estoques de café e a apuração de seus custos por qualidade. Os modelos gerenciais tradicionalmente utilizados envolvem sistemas convencionais de controle de estoque e análise de custos, mas controlam apenas as quantidades estocadas por tipo de café, não controlando seus custos. Normalmente consideram como custo a média dos preços de compra de café, em um determinado período. Assim impossibilitam o conhecimento do verdadeiro custo do produto vendido de acordo com sua qualidade, comprometendo a apuração de sua real margem de lucro em cada operação de venda. Logo, o resultado real das compras e vendas de café só é conhecido quando analisado um longo período, porque sofre influência das flutuações dos vários tipos de café que são comercializados. Partiu-se da hipótese de que o conhecimento da dinâmica da informação no complexo agroindustrial do café e o uso da Tecnologia de Informação como estratégia para instrumentalizar as decisões e melhorar o desempenho na comercialização de café pelas cooperativas de produtores possibilitam uma melhor organização e avaliação das informações necessárias para o planejamento da comercialização por essas cooperativas, aumentando a rentabilidade e contribuindo para a profissionalização do setor. Utilizando a TI para a integração do sistema de controle de estoques, comercialização e custos, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceitual para o gerenciamento dos estoques e custos de café por qualidade, visando a contribuir para a melhoria dos resultados obtidos pelas cooperativas. O estudo partiu da determinação das variáveis envolvidas no processo de comercialização do café. Desenvolveu-se um modelo conceitual para auxiliar o controle e o conhecimento do real custo do café por qualidade, possibilitando a correta apuração do resultado econômico, contribuindo para melhorar o controle estratégico dos estoques de café e o planejamento operacional do preparo dos blends. Em anexo, apresentam-se planilhas simulando a operação do modelo. O uso deste modelo permite que os administradores se antecipem aos problemas, reduzindo riscos e descobrindo oportunidades através de um melhor uso do recurso informação, gerando ganhos em competitividade. O modelo conceitual apresentado integra a gestão de estoques com o gerenciamento de custos de café por qualidade. Parte de uma visão ampliada da administração da cooperativa, considerando o trabalho dentro e fora da empresa, relacionando os controles de estoques da cooperativa e do cooperado, fisico e "virtual" (estoque do cooperado que EAESP/FGV - COA - Luciel Henrique de Oliveira - 1998 6 foi utilizado) e o mercado consumidor, possibilitando um controle mais eficiente para a redução do risco da cooperativa. O conhecimento das caracteristicas dos tipos de café por qualidade, que compõem o controle de estoque fisico e que fazem flutuar a conta opção, traz maior autonomia e segurança. O modelo atende ao desafio da melhoria contínua da qualidade da gestão, através da visão integrada da empresa, possibilitando o conhecimento real dos custos envolvidos e da margem de lucro, por qualidade, em cada operação. Busca-se um melhor controle das operações, dos custos dos produtos vendidos, de acordo com sua qualidade e sua margem de lucro em cada operação de venda, possibilitando um melhor planejamento da comercialização pelas cooperativas. Ao propor um novo modelo, integrando a análise custos e qualidade, o trabalho provocou o exame de vários procedimentos atualmente em uso, preparando o ambiente da empresa para uma nova mentalidade gerencial. Fez com que procedimentos relacionados à qualidade do café fossem devidamente estruturados no modelo de operação da empresa, servindo de referência para os trabalhos rumo à integração gerencial e à certificação ISO 9002, exigência do mercado externo e tendência no mercado interno. Deste modo, a cooperativa iniciou um processo de melhoria contínua, com a constante identificação de oportunidades, inspecionando e atualizando índices, levantando problemas e propondo soluções. O trabalho traz uma colaboração aos estudos de gestão integrada no agribusiness do café. A inovação ocorre através do desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual de gestão de estoques e custos por qualidade, aliado ao modelo de gestão econômica, contribuindo para a melhoria da administração e do desempenho do setor. Aponta uma oportunidade de se dar um avanço para a gerência de custos e riscos, tornando o setor mais competitivo e de acordo com a nova cultura empresarial e com os padrões de competição de mercado.

Rotina no trabalho: motivação e conformismo

Este estudo intentou pesquisar: a) o nível de motivação, baseado em Maslow e Herzberg e b) o conformismo e a tendência à ordem e à meticulosidade, como são definidos por Comrey, em dois grupos compostos por indivíduos que fazem trabalho rotineiro e indivíduos que fazem trabalho não-rotineiro, respectivamente. Nosso propósito foi comprovar que os indivíduos que fazem trabalho rotineiro tendem à ser motivados em nível inferior (hygiene seekers), enquanto que os indivíduos que fazem trabalho não-rotineiro tendem a ser motivados em nível superior (motivation seekers) além do que são menos conformistas, ordeiros e meticulosos que os primeiros. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, como foi suposto, em nossos grupos: 1) Houve significativamente mais "hygiene seekers" que "motivation seekers" entre os indivíduos que fazem trabalho rotineiro e significativamente mais "motivation seekers" que "hygiene seekers" entre os individuos que fazem trabalho não-rotineiro. 2) Os indivíduos que fazem trabalho rotineiro tenderam a ser significativamente mais motivados por necessidades de segurança em comparação com os indivíduos que fazem trabalho não rotineiro, que tenderam a ser significativamente mais motivados por necessidades de auto-realização. 3) O conformismo e a tendência à ordem e à meticulosidade apareceram significativamente mais entre os indivíduos que fazem trabalho rotineiro.

The art of law & macroeconomics

In the world’s current condition of macroeconomic turmoil, a justifiable question arises: what is the contribution that legal scholars, as opposed to economists, can make to macroeconomic regulation? Since mainstream Law & Economics scholarship adapts much more easily to micro (rather than macro) economics, an alternative paradigm is needed. I propose that legal scholars explore the Art of Law & Macroeconomics, a concept that links legal knowledge and the art of economics. Legal scholars are therefore expected to offer policy advice based on their understanding of the internal rationality and structure of the legal system.

Análise dos critérios de distribuição da cota-parte do ICMS paulista

O texto analisa os critérios que compõem o índice de participação dos municípios paulistas na cota-parte do Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços – ICMS, e também propõe mudanças em sua definição. Esses critérios geram distorções no valor per capita destinado a cada município, caminhando na contramão da justiça fiscal e do equilíbrio federativo. De natureza estadual, o ICMS é o tributo que mais arrecada no país e uma das mais importantes fontes de recursos dos estados e municípios. É partilhado com os municípios conforme definido pela Constituição Federal de 1988: 75% para estado e 25% para municípios. Esses 25% que compõem a cota-parte municipal são distribuídos da seguinte forma: três quartos devolvidos na proporção do valor adicionado de suas operações e um quarto, conforme lei estadual.

Sustainability indexes: why join in? A study of the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) in Brazil

In the past decade, indicators have been created to assess the sustainability performance of companies listed in stock exchange markets. Academics and practitioners expect companies to benefit from being listed in such indexes, but evidence of value creation is still scarce. Since virtually all studies about the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) of the S~ ao Paulo Stock Exchange (Brazil) e the object of the present study e focused on the value of shares, we initially looked for answers in the finance theory. We collected secondary data about the financial and economic performance of companies forming the ISE's ‘theoretical portfolio’, as these kinds of indexes are also known. In a second stage, we sought additional motivations for companies to make efforts to be listed in the index. We collected additional data and interviewed representatives of key companies listed in the ISE, as well as industry leaders who chose not to participate in the selection process. The results support the main propositions of the institutional theory, as well as the ‘pays to be green’ literature e that the intangible value created by voluntary environmental initiatives, such as access to knowledge, new capabilities and reputational gain, better explain the efforts companies make to be listed in the ISE index

The Panama canal expansion mega project : a case study and stakeholder´s analysis

As globalization increases integration, a new playing field is emerging which is driving the need for operational efficiencies and alignment of complementary capabilities among countries to build sustainable models and integrated offerings. As demands increase, companies are turning to effective project management as means to control operations and countries are increasing the amount of mega projects to boost their competitiveness and global footprint. Given the scale, complexity, political nature, multicultural makeup, and high level of visibility; mega projects rely on successful stakeholder management to effectively manage its operational, tactical, and strategic levels to execute their mission. This paper examines the success drivers of mega projects and presents an in depth stakeholder assessment of the Panama Canal Expansion mega project to identify the perceived value to its stakeholder community. The stakeholder categories include: the Panama Canal Authority, subcontractors executing the expansion project, customers of the canal in Panama and U.S., as well as the communities surrounding the Panama Canal and ports in the U.S. East Coast. The conclusion of this paper captures the relationship between the effective stakeholder engagement from the Panama Canal Authority, the perceived value of the Panamanian stakeholders, and compares it to U.S. based mega projects being executed simultaneously to allow the U.S. East Coast ports to accommodate increased cargo volumes.

Entrepreneurship and resource based view: a teaching case study at Mundo Verde

This case study is based in Mundo Verde, a Brazilian natural products company, and its focused on the strategic decisions the company has to make to overcome the current problems. The case is built around three major theoretical perspectives: Competitive advantages from a Resource Based View, Brand Identity and Entrepreneurship. In the case is presented first the company, disclosing the necessary information to analyze and comprehend Mundo Verde, by accurately identifying the company´s competitive advantages. Next the student is presented to a narrative where the CEO of the company meets one of the franchisees in an attempt to find out more about the company´s issues and to see how the stores are working. Several scenarios are presented to the students which represent several possibilities of action, considering the company, the problems to be addressed and the objectives of the company.