Aspectos do mercado eleitoral brasileiro: análise econométrica do impacto dos gastos de campanha nas eleições para a Câmara e o Senado de 2002

Esta dissertação de mestrado em economia foi motivada por uma questão complexa bastante estudada na literatura de economia política nos dias de hoje: as formas como campanhas políticas afetam votação em uma eleição. estudo procura modelar mercado eleitoral brasileiro para deputados federais senadores. Através de um modelo linear, conclui-se que os gastos em campanha eleitoral são fatores decisivos para eleição de um candidato deputado federal. Após reconhecer que variável que mede os gastos em campanha possui erro de medida (devido ao famoso "caixa dois", por exemplo), além de ser endógena uma vez que candidatos com maiores possibilidades de conseguir votos conseguem mais fontes de financiamento -, modelo foi estimado por variáveis instrumentais. Para senadores, utilizando modelos lineares modelos com variável resposta binaria, verifica-se também importância, ainda que em menor escala, da campanha eleitoral, sendo que um fator mais importante para corrida ao senado parece ser uma percepção priori da qualidade do candidato.

Ecoeficiência na indústria de petróleo: o estudo do craqueamento catalítico na Petrobrás

The concern with the environment is not a recent phenomenon, however, during some time the quarrel over ambient elements did not succeed to reach similar importance as subjects like productivity and quality. The diagnosis of ambient problems with serious consequences in the whole world contributed to renew the concern with the environment and the ambient element acquired high importance in daily activities and in the activities of manufacture and commerce. During many years the ambient politics and regulations were seen as limits to the production or expansion of the productive activities. In the present work we developed a study which demonstrates, in fact this picture is not real. Therefore it is possible to act in efficient considering ambient and economics. A concept that searchs to add efficiency in operations, productiveness and economics to the respect with the environment is the ecoefficiency. In the present work a study of case in the area of ecoefficiency was developed and presents some innovations developed and adopted in the oil industry that had contributed for the company to reach greater efficiency using natural resources, with lesser losses and greater production of demanded derivatives of oil and thus contributing for higher productive, economic and ambient efficiency.

A estrutura subcognitiva da visão estratégica : um experimento psicológico sobre a natureza dos Chunks

How strategical decisions are taken? The present work consists of a psychological experiment that it aims to search the knowledge about the subcognitive structure of strategical vision of deeper form, investigating its interaction with the cognitives processes of human beings ¿ perception, memory, and learning. We also argue the nature of chunks (pieces or units), that, in opposition to the current theories, we consider to be provided with essence or meanings in detriment of the appearance or superficial features. In this way, we choose as domain for our experiment the chess game, because its dealing with lesser complexity of the one that decisions in the politics or industry. Thus, we shows the importance that the perception of the abstract roles playing in specific chess position, leading to a strategical vision of this. Moreover, after the experiment, was verified that the expert chess players are capable to perceive distinct positions in the appearance as being similar strategically", while that the beginners had gotten greater difficulty. Finally, we present part of an emergent theory that claims that the human being cognition is nothing more than the abstract perception, as well as the replication of this theory in other domains, for example in the management and the real world."