O global e o contextual no aprendizado gerencial de multinacionais: uma perspectiva brasileira

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

O Banco Central como uma organização de aprendizagem

This study' s aim was to verify at what point the concept of learning organization can be applied to Central Bank. It argues how this concept can generate thoughts and ideas about organizational issues, as it emphasizes the development of new skills and capabilities. The essay includes the description of the model that inspired it and some complementary notions regarding the theme. The model studied was analysed and compared to the field research and the documents. Many aspects that make the Bank similar to an ideal leaming organization have been pointed out in the area of innovation in infrastructure, such as the implementation of new practices and systems. In a deeper leveI of reflection, it was verified that in relation to the practice of the fifth learning disciplines (Personal Mastery, Mental Models, Shared Vision, Team Learning and Systems Thinking), the creation of new guiding ideas, new management methods, the Central Bank does not approximate of what it is called a learning organization.

Impactos da adoção das novas tecnologias BPM (business process management) nos processos governamentais

Este relatório consolida os trabalhos de pesquisa, desenvolvidos entre abril de 2005 e abril de 2006, sobre o estado de adoção e oportunidades para uso de novas tecnologias de informação em processos de governo. A ampliação de fronteiras, para além dos limites tradicionais das organizações, traz uma nova e mais forte demanda por flexibilidade que possibilite o tratamento integrado de organismos de diferentes constituições, arquiteturas e processos operacionais, sem falar nos diferentes sistemas de informações. Isto é ainda mais importante nas organizações públicas. Por outro lado, uma das principais características negativas dos órgãos públicos é a morosidade e a burocracia nos processos administrativos e de atendimento ao cidadão. A falta de uma visão tecnológica moderna, isto é, a falta de um Plano Diretor de Tecnologia da Informação (PDTI) voltada para novas soluções, como é o caso do BPM, alinhada à falta de integração entre os sistemas e processos, faz com que muitos órgãos governamentais estejam caminhando na contramão do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Este projeto de pesquisa reveste-se, portanto, de alto interesse, pois focaliza as possibilidades e impactos da adoção das novas tecnologias orientadas a processos e web services (BPM - Business Process Management e BPMS - Business Process Management Systems) na área governamental, bastante desprovida de soluções integradas de serviços aos cidadãos e empresas. Estas novas tecnologias trazem paradigmas completamente diferentes dos até aqui adotados na implementação de sistemas de informações e automação de processos. Apesar das dificuldades inerentes ao tratamento de um tema complexo e novo, mais ainda em organismos governamentais, acreditamos ter desenvolvido um trabalho bastante aprofundado, atendendo aos objetivos estabelecidos no plano original, com os necessários acertos de rota e foco dos trabalhos. Cremos, também, que este trabalho estabelece uma referência relevante no conhecimento relacionados à melhoria de processos de governo, com base em novas tecnologias. Como sub-produtos planejados e realizados, inseridos no caderno de anexos a este relatório, estão conteúdos já desenvolvidos para a edição um ou dois livros sobre o tema, diversos artigos produzidos, além de diversos eventos realizados na EAESP, envolvendo o tema do projeto, que proporcionaram a oportunidade de excelentes trocas de experiências. Este relatório, apresentado de forma objetiva e sintética, focalizando somente os principais aspectos tratados, é complementado por um extenso conteúdo complementar, entregue em um caderno de Anexos.