A (semi-)parametric functional coefficient autoregressive conditional duration model

In this paper, we propose a class of ACD-type models that accommodates overdispersion, intermittent dynamics, multiple regimes, and sign and size asymmetries in financial durations. In particular, our functional coefficient autoregressive conditional duration (FC-ACD) model relies on a smooth-transition autoregressive specification. The motivation lies on the fact that the latter yields a universal approximation if one lets the number of regimes grows without bound. After establishing that the sufficient conditions for strict stationarity do not exclude explosive regimes, we address model identifiability as well as the existence, consistency, and asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimator for the FC-ACD model with a fixed number of regimes. In addition, we also discuss how to consistently estimate using a sieve approach a semiparametric variant of the FC-ACD model that takes the number of regimes to infinity. An empirical illustration indicates that our functional coefficient model is flexible enough to model IBM price durations.

Price discovery in dual-class shares across multiple markets

We extend the standard price discovery analysis to estimate the information share of dual-class shares across domestic and foreign markets. By examining both common and preferred shares, we aim to extract information not only about the fundamental value of the rm, but also about the dual-class premium. In particular, our interest lies on the price discovery mechanism regulating the prices of common and preferred shares in the BM&FBovespa as well as the prices of their ADR counterparts in the NYSE and in the Arca platform. However, in the presence of contemporaneous correlation between the innovations, the standard information share measure depends heavily on the ordering we attribute to prices in the system. To remain agnostic about which are the leading share class and market, one could for instance compute some weighted average information share across all possible orderings. This is extremely inconvenient given that we are dealing with 2 share prices in Brazil, 4 share prices in the US, plus the exchange rate (and hence over 5,000 permutations!). We thus develop a novel methodology to carry out price discovery analyses that does not impose any ex-ante assumption about which share class or trading platform conveys more information about shocks in the fundamental price. As such, our procedure yields a single measure of information share, which is invariant to the ordering of the variables in the system. Simulations of a simple market microstructure model show that our information share estimator works pretty well in practice. We then employ transactions data to study price discovery in two dual-class Brazilian stocks and their ADRs. We uncover two interesting ndings. First, the foreign market is at least as informative as the home market. Second, shocks in the dual-class premium entail a permanent e ect in normal times, but transitory in periods of nancial distress. We argue that the latter is consistent with the expropriation of preferred shareholders as a class.

Modelo Nelson-Siegel dinâmico da estrutura a termo da taxa de juros com fatores exógenos macroeconômicos: uma aplicação ao mercado brasileiro

A tradicional representação da estrutura a termo das taxas de juros em três fatores latentes (nível, inclinação e curvatura) teve sua formulação original desenvolvida por Charles R. Nelson e Andrew F. Siegel em 1987. Desde então, diversas aplicações vêm sendo desenvolvidas por acadêmicos e profissionais de mercado tendo como base esta classe de modelos, sobretudo com a intenção de antecipar movimentos nas curvas de juros. Ao mesmo tempo, estudos recentes como os de Diebold, Piazzesi e Rudebusch (2010), Diebold, Rudebusch e Aruoba (2006), Pooter, Ravazallo e van Dijk (2010) e Li, Niu e Zeng (2012) sugerem que a incorporação de informação macroeconômica aos modelos da ETTJ pode proporcionar um maior poder preditivo. Neste trabalho, a versão dinâmica do modelo Nelson-Siegel, conforme proposta por Diebold e Li (2006), foi comparada a um modelo análogo, em que são incluídas variáveis exógenas macroeconômicas. Em paralelo, foram testados dois métodos diferentes para a estimação dos parâmetros: a tradicional abordagem em dois passos (Two-Step DNS), e a estimação com o Filtro de Kalman Estendido, que permite que os parâmetros sejam estimados recursivamente, a cada vez que uma nova informação é adicionada ao sistema. Em relação aos modelos testados, os resultados encontrados mostram-se pouco conclusivos, apontando uma melhora apenas marginal nas estimativas dentro e fora da amostra quando as variáveis exógenas são incluídas. Já a utilização do Filtro de Kalman Estendido mostrou resultados mais consistentes quando comparados ao método em dois passos para praticamente todos os horizontes de tempo estudados.

Simulation-based smoothing and filtering in factor stochastic volatility models : two econometric applications

In this article we use factor models to describe a certain class of covariance structure for financiaI time series models. More specifical1y, we concentrate on situations where the factor variances are modeled by a multivariate stochastic volatility structure. We build on previous work by allowing the factor loadings, in the factor mo deI structure, to have a time-varying structure and to capture changes in asset weights over time motivated by applications with multi pIe time series of daily exchange rates. We explore and discuss potential extensions to the models exposed here in the prediction area. This discussion leads to open issues on real time implementation and natural model comparisons.

Growth and distribution: a revised classical model

This paper discusses distribution and the historical phases of capitalism. It assumes that technical progress and growth are taking place, and, given that, its question is on the functional distribution of income between labor and capital, having as reference classical theory of distribution and Marx’s falling tendency of the rate of profit. Based on the historical experience, it, first, inverts the model, making the rate of profit as the constant variable in the long run and the wage rate, as the residuum; second, it distinguishes three types of technical progress (capital-saving, neutral and capital-using) and applies it to the history of capitalism, having the UK and France as reference. Given these three types of technical progress, it distinguishes four phases of capitalist growth, where only the second is consistent with Marx prediction. The last phase, after World War II, should be, in principle, capital-saving, consistent with growth of wages above productivity. Instead, since the 1970s wages were kept stagnant in rich countries because of, first, the fact that the Information and Communication Technology Revolution proved to be highly capital using, opening room for a new wage of substitution of capital for labor; second, the new competition coming from developing countries; third, the emergence of the technobureaucratic or professional class; and, fourth, the new power of the neoliberal class coalition associating rentier capitalists and financiers