Síndrome de John Wayne: o gestor, o discurso e a crise

Apresentar os elementos constitutivos essenciais e descrever as dinâmicas interativas básicas constituintes da "Síndrome de John Wayne" - SJW- são os objetivos primários deste trabalho. A SJW é um estilo de gestão e perfil de gestor marcados por uma concepção de sucesso que cega o indivíduo para as peculiaridades dos períodos de crises organizacionais. Baseando-se em fórmulas e procedimentos que lhe garantiram o sucesso em tempos de bonança, o portador da SJW nas crises desenvolve ações cujas conseqüências, em geral, agravam ainda mais esse período de exceção. Por outro lado, a pesquisa pretende também demonstrar que a SJW é atributo individual não só tolerado, como desejado pelas companhias em tempos de bonança, pois está em harmonia com formas organizacionais de um tecido social que enfatiza a projeção pessoal, sob os auspícios da fama e da celebridade, como sinônimo de sucesso. Assim, a SJW evoca o desejo desse gestor de ser um herói. Ele almeja ser um herói nos moldes do ideal heróico "épico", mas o século XXI flerta com a celebridade, sendo o ato heróico celebrado um dos recursos pará atingir essa condição

A general lagrangian approach for non-concave moral hazard problems

We establish a general Lagrangian for the moral hazard problem which generalizes the well known first order approach (FOA). It requires that besides the multiplier of the first order condition, there exist multipliers for the second order condition and for the binding actions of the incentive compatibility constraint. Some examples show that our approach can be useful to treat the finite and infinite state space cases. One of the examples is solved by the second order approach. We also compare our Lagrangian with 1\1irrlees'.

A general lagrangian approach for non-concave moral hazard problems

We establish a general Lagrangian for the moral hazard problem which generalizes the well known first order approach (FOA). It requires that besides the multiplier of the first order condition, there exist multipliers for the second order condition and for the binding actions of the incentive compatibility constraint. Some examples show that our approach can be useful to treat the finite and infinite state space cases. One of the examples is solved by the second order approach. We also compare our Lagrangian with 1\1irrlees'.

Fiscal multipliers in an incomplete markets economy

This paper studies the behavior of fiscal multipliers in two different economic environments: complete markets and incomplete markets. Based on steady state analysis, output multipliers are found within a range between 0.49 and 0.66, when the markets are complete. Under incomplete markets, output multiplier was found in an interval between 0.75 and 0.94. These results indicates that the market structure, which reflects the degree of risk sharing and the intensity of the precautionary motive faced by individuals, plays a key role in determining the fiscal multipliers. In the second part of the paper, was performed an exercise to analyze the dynamic response of macroeconomic aggregates to an exogenous and unexpected rise in government spending financed by lump-sum taxes. In this case, impact output multipliers varies in a range between 0.64 and 0.68, under complete markets, and within 1.05 and 1.20 when markets are incomplete. The results found under incomplete markets are very close to that found on related literature which usually uses an econometric approach or calibrated/estimated New Keynesian models. These results shows that taking into account the deficiencies in the insurance mechanisms can be an interesting way to reconcile theoretical models with the results found on related current literature, without the need of ad-hoc assumptions relative to price stickness.