Justiça distributiva: variáveis de personalidade e variáveis situacionais

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o comportamento social de justiça e sua relação com variáveis de personalidade e variáveis situacionais. De modo específico, pretende-se verificar a influência relativa de um ou outro tipo de variável na preferência por determinadas normas de justiça distributiva em situação de alocação de recompensas. Os fatores de personalidade selecionados para estudo são racionalidade/emocionalidade, necessidade de realização e necessidade de afiliação. Por outro lado, as variáveis situacionais referem-se aos tipos de relações interpessoais envolvidas no funcionamento dos grupos, tais como preconizadas por Deutsch. Os resultados obtidos comprovam empiricamente as hipóteses de Deutsch, segundo as quais a natureza das relações sociais e dos objetivos principais que movem os grupos determinam a escolha da base de justiça que regula a repartição de bens e condições sociais entre seus membros. A relação entre as variáveis de personalidade e o comportamento de alocação de recursos não foi confirmada empiricamente. Apenas alguns indícios foram encontrados na direção·esperada, especialmente quanto a uma eventual associação entre necessidade de afiliação e a escolha de certos princípios distributivos. No entanto, face às limitações impostas por restrições psicométricas nos instrumentos de medida, esses resultados devem ser encarados com reservas. Estudos empíricos adicionais sao sugeridos para o aprimoramento das escalas de aferição das variáveis psicológicas a fim de que seja possível extrair conclusões mais consistentes.

The effects of trust in Brazilian PNPs: interpersonal and interorganizational trust in the cultural sector social organizations in São Paulo, Brazil

This study seeks to evaluate how enterorganizational and interpersonal trust affects the degree of State interference in the operations of public-nonprofit partnerships (PNPs). We conducted a qualitative case study in two Brazilian PNPs, Projeto Guri and Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo, through documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis of the data yielded a trust framework that begins to explain how a variety of factors, including the protective qualities of the management contract and the strength of the board, moderate the relationship between interpersonal and interorganizational trust in PNPs. The study reveals that unlike Zaheer et al (1998), interpersonal trust had a unique and prominent effect on State interference and types of collaboration in PNPs. Parting from the suggestions by previous authors to contextualize PNP literature findings, the framework takes into account the highly personalistic qualities of Brazilian culture as well as historical and institutional context while highlighting the crucial role of interpersonal trust in Brazilian PNPs.

Green logistics: key elements for a well-functioning sustainable logistics system

A growing awareness of the modern society about the direct relationship between a growing global community with increasing total industrial activities on one hand and various environmental problems and a natural limitation of natural resources on the other hand set the base for sustainable or “green” approaches within the supply chain. This paper therefore will look at the issue of “Green Logistics” which seeks to reduce the environmental impact of logistics activities by taking into account functions such as recycling, waste and carbon emission reduction and the use of alternative sources of energy. In order to analyze how these approaches and ideas are being perceived by the system as a whole two models from the area of prospective and scenario planning are being used and described to identify the main drivers and tendencies within the system in order to create feasible hypothesis. Using the URCA/CHIVAS model allows us to identify the driver variables out of a high number of variables that best describe the system “Green Logistics”. Followed by the analysis of the actor’s strategies in the system with the Mactor model it is possible to reduce the complexity of a completely holistic system to a few key drivers that can be analyzed further on. Here the implications of URCA/CHIVAS and Mactor are being used to formulate hypotheses about the perception of Green Logistics and its successful implementation among logistics decision makers by an online survey. This research seeks to demonstrate the usefulness of scenario planning to a highly complex system observing it from all angles and extracting information about the relevant factors of it. The results of this demonstration indicate that there are drivers much beyond the factory walls that need to be considered when implementing successfully a system such as Green Logistics.