Hybrid Auctions II: Experimental Evidence

In this paper we report the results of an experiment designed to examine the properties of a hybrid auction - a Dutch-Vickrey auction, that combines a sealed bid …rst-price auction with a sealed bid second-price auction. This auction mechanism shares some important features with that used in the sale of the companies constituted through the partial division of the Telebras System - the government-owned Telecom holding in Brazil. We designed an experiment where individuals participate in a sequence of independent …rst-price auctions followed by a sequence of hybrid auctions. Several conclusions emerged from this experimental study. First, ex-post e¢ciency was achieved overwhelmingly by the hybrid auctions. Secondly, although overbidding (with respect to the risk-neutral Bayesian Nash equilibrium) was a regular feature of participants’ bidding behavior in the …rst-price auctions — as it is commonly reported in most experimental studies of …rst-price auctions, it was less frequent in the hybrid auctions. By calibrating the results to allow for risk-averse behavior we were able to account for a signi…cant part of the overbidding. Finally, we compared the revenue generated by the hybrid auction with that generated by a standard …rst-price sealed bid auction and the results were ambiguous.

A relação entre desenvolvimento cognitivo e estimulação precoce em alunos da 4. serie do 1. grau

O presente estudo teve por objetivo uma verificação experimental da influência da estimulação precoce no desenvolvimento cognitivo. A ideias deste trabalho surgiu da importância que ora se atribui ao problema de um melhor aproveitamento do homem em suas potencialidades para a construção de uma humanidade melhor. Tal possibilidade reflete-se primordialmente no âmago do processo educativo, e em particular a escola. Fundamentou-se teoricamente em Gerome Bruner, tendo por central 2 de suas proposições: Qualquer assunto pode ser ensinado com eficiência, de forma honesta, a qualquer criança em qualquer estágio de desenvolvimento; É objetivo primordial da educação atingir a imaturidade, levando o homem a ser mais produtivo, mais ajustado à sua cultura, desenvolvendo suas potencialidades ou indo além delas para criar mais. Buscando um maior embasamento, a autora se valeu de estudos teóricos e experimentais de Piaget, Montessori, Okón, Poppovic, Oslon, Austin & Postethwaite, e outros, além de algumas pesquisas realizadas por autores ou instituições brasileiras. O estudo dirigiu-se, especificamente, a alunos da 4º série do 1º grau, para medir competência pedagógica e conhecer dados referentes à escolarização inicial. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a hipótese fundamental de que quanto mais precocemente a criança for estimula da, maior será sua competência pedagógica posterior, o que se pressupõe ser decorrente da aceleração de seu desenvolvimento cognitivo. Entretanto, face às delimitações criadas e às limitações sofridas, a autora sugere a realização de pesquisas ulteriores sobre o tópico, a fim de que se possa, diante de dados experimentais cada vez mais consistentes e de maior amplitude, propor, de forma mais enfática, uma aplicação psicopedagógica adaptada à realidade social e tecnológica de nossa era.

Leader-organization fit: comparing the effectiveness of paternalistic and transformational leadership in different organizational cultures

Research on paternalistic leadership (PL) has been based exclusively on national cultures´ differences. However there are cues that other contextual variables can add to the explanation of this construct. Due to its capacity to influence expectations of individuals in organizations, organizational culture can contribute to fill this gap. To test if organizational culture influences the effectiveness of leadership style, we conducted two experimental studies using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, comparing effects of paternalistic and transformational leadership on followers’ outcomes. Using video clips and vignettes, we found that PL is better related to followers´ outcomes in cultures oriented to people than outcome, and that TL has a better relationship in cultures oriented to innovation than stability. The results suggest that organizational culture helps in explaining PL endorsement, and that further analysis of the influence of this variable to PL can provide a better understanding of the expression of this leadership style in organizations.

On paternalistic leadership fit: exploring cross-cultural endorsement, leader-follower fit, and the boundary role of organizational culture

Although cross-cultural leadership research has thrived in international business literature, little attention has been devoted to understanding the effectiveness of non-western theories beyond their original contexts. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-cultural endorsement of paternalistic leadership, an emerging non-western leadership theory, using data from GLOBE project. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses we found measurement equivalence of a scale derived from GLOBE’s data, which enabled us to compare the endorsement of paternalistic leadership dimensions across 10 cultural clusters and 55 societies. Our study revealed that there are significant differences in the importance societies give to each dimension, suggesting that paternalism as leadership style is not universally nor homogeneously endorsed. Furthermore, results suggest that different patterns of endorsement of each of these dimensions give rise to idiosyncratic shades of paternalistic leadership across societies. Implications for theory and future research on international business are discussed.