Uma analise do processo de privatização brasileiro, com enfase no setor siderurgico

o modelo de Estado empresário começou a dar sinais de esgotamento no início da década de 80~ desde então, iniciou-se um sucateamento do parque industrial estatal. em função disto, o governo decidiu que, para atender às necessidades de investimentos, seria preciso repassar estas empresas para o setor privado. A aplicação desta nova orientação foi instrumentada pela criação do Programa Nacional de Privatização no governo Collor. Este programa, no entanto, não ficou restrito a este período, tendo sido continuado ao longo do governo Itamar Franco, assim como do Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Apesar dos vários focos de resistência que surgiram no decorrer do processo, houve resultados positivos na economia em função da desestataização. Um dos principais objetivos a ser alcançado pelo PND tem sido a redução da dívida global do setor públiCo, tanto interna quanto externamente, visando a reestruturação das finanças governamentais que, por sua vez, implica em menor necessidade de financiamento para o pagamento de juros da dívida pública. Esta dissertação avalia o Programa nacional de Desestatização do início de sua criação em 1990, até 1995. Das 74 empresas incluidas no programa, 41 foram privatizaas durante este período, total este que inclui a venda de empresas controladas pela Petroquisa e Petrofértil. o primeiro setor a ser totalmente privatizado foi o siderúrgico, que se encontra representado neste trabalho pela análise dos processos de privatização da U siminas e da Acesita, que se tomaram exemplos de sucesso da administração privada. Os processos de privatização da Usiminas e da Acesita foram analisados em termos da preparação das empresas para serem vendidas, situação financeira, realização do leilão em si e os resultados obtidos com este processo. Além disto, foi desenvolvida uma análise dos principais problemas enfrentados pelo setor siderúrgico antes da privatização, assim como demonstrou-se a importância da privatização destas empresas para que os mesmos fossem solucionados.

Growing research where economies grow: essays on strategy and international expansion of companies from emerging countries

In recent years, emerging countries have assumed an increasingly prominent position in the world economy, as growth has picked up in these countries and slowed in developed economies. Two related phenomena, among others, can be associated with this growth: emerging countries were less affected by the 2008-2009 global economic recession; and they increased their participation in foreign direct investment, both inflows and outflows. This doctoral dissertation contributes to research on firms from emerging countries through four independent papers. The first group of two papers examines firm strategy in recessionary moments and uses Brazil, one of the largest emerging countries, as setting for the investigation. Data were collected through a survey on Brazilian firms referring to the 2008-2009 global recession, and 17 hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling based on partial least squares. Paper 1 offered an integrative model linking RBV to literatures on entrepreneurship, improvisation, and flexibility to indicate the characteristics and capabilities that allow a firm to have superior performance in recessions. We found that firms that pre-recession have a propensity to recognize opportunities and improvisation capabilities for fast and creative actions have superior performance in recessions. We also found that entrepreneurial orientation and flexibility have indirect effects. Paper 2 built on business cycle literature to study which strategies - pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical – enable superior performance in recessions. We found that while most firms pro-cyclically reduce costs and investments during recessions, a counter-cyclical strategy of investing in opportunities created by changes in the environment enables superior performance. Most successful are firms with a propensity to recognize opportunities, entrepreneurial orientation to invest, and flexibility to efficiently implement these investments. The second group of two papers investigated international expansion of multinational enterprises, particularly the use of distance for their location decisions. Paper 3 proposed a conceptual framework to examine circumstances under which distance is less important for international location decisions, taking the new perspective of economic institutional distance as theoretical foundation. The framework indicated that the general preference for low-distance countries is lower: (1) when the company is state owned, rather than private owned; (2) when its internationalization motives are asset, resource, or efficiency seeking, as opposed to market seeking; and (3) when internationalization occurred after globalization and the advent of new technologies. Paper 4 compared five concurrent perspectives of distance and indicated their suitability to the study of various issues based on industry, ownership, and type, motive, and timing of internationalization. The paper also proposed that distance represents the disadvantages of host countries for international location decisions; as such, it should be used in conjunction with factors that represent host country attractiveness, or advantages as international locations. In conjunction, papers 3 and 4 provided additional, alternative explanations for the mixed empirical results of current research on distance. Moreover, the studies shed light into the discussion of differences between multinational enterprises from emerging countries versus those from advanced countries.

Improvement on the sales forecast accuracy for a fast growing company by the best combination of historical data usage and clients segmentation

Industrial companies in developing countries are facing rapid growths, and this requires having in place the best organizational processes to cope with the market demand. Sales forecasting, as a tool aligned with the general strategy of the company, needs to be as much accurate as possible, in order to achieve the sales targets by making available the right information for purchasing, planning and control of production areas, and finally attending in time and form the demand generated. The present dissertation uses a single case study from the subsidiary of an international explosives company based in Brazil, Maxam, experiencing high growth in sales, and therefore facing the challenge to adequate its structure and processes properly for the rapid growth expected. Diverse sales forecast techniques have been analyzed to compare the actual monthly sales forecast, based on the sales force representatives’ market knowledge, with forecasts based on the analysis of historical sales data. The dissertation findings show how the combination of both qualitative and quantitative forecasts, by the creation of a combined forecast that considers both client´s demand knowledge from the sales workforce with time series analysis, leads to the improvement on the accuracy of the company´s sales forecast.

The growing importance of the ETF industry - the pros and cons of passive management

O objectivo deste projecto é a comparação entre os prós e contras de gestão passiva e ativa através da realização de um estudo estatístico de várias estratégias através dos Exchange-Traded Funds. Em particular, a análise vai passar pela estratégia mais passiva, ou seja, buy and hold, para um grau diferente de active indexing management, tais como rotações do sector e / ou classe de ativos com base no bottom-up, top-down e indicadores técnicos. A análise mostra que as estratégias ativas, se forem devidamente aplicadas, conseguem obter retornos ajustados ao risco substancialmente superiores quando comparados com uma abordagem passiva, superando as questões de custos de transação e diversificação que normalmente são reivindicadas por uma gestão passiva.