Do private equity and venture capital backed firms have better corporate governance after going public?

Mercados financeiros e finanças corporativas

Porte da auditoria e manipulação da informação contábil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Este estudo examina a relação entre o porte da empresa de auditoria e a manipulação da informação contábil. Consistente com a literatura, o porte de auditoria tem sido utilizado como proxy de qualidade do serviço, e classificado como auditoria Big 6 e não-Big 6, sendo quanto maior o porte, maior a qualidade. A pesquisa abrangeu os estudos que utilizam acumulações discricionárias na estimação da manipulação da informação contábil. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literária, foram selecionadas 14 pesquisas empíricas, abrangendo Estados Unidos, Europa e Ásia. Com base na análise dos seus aspectos substantivos e metodológicos, a conclusão é que a magnitude da manipulação da informação contábil não é uniforme nos países estudados sugerindo que os ambientes cultural, institucional e legal podem influenciar a capacidade da auditoria em mitigar a ação discricionária dos gestores.

A relação entre o parecer de auditoria e a troca de auditores: uma investigação nas instituições financeiras brasileiras

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal verificar se há relação entre a troca espontânea da auditoria independente e o parecer não limpo emitido no ano anterior e também se há relação positiva entre o rodízio de auditores e a emissão de pareceres não limpos no ano do rodízio e nos seguintes. Justifica-se este trabalho pela proposta de avaliar cientificamente o impacto da influência da administração e da adoção do rodízio de auditoria na independência do auditor externo, sem ser enviesado pelos interesses dos profissionais envolvidos, uma vez que esta é uma pesquisa exclusivamente documental. Portanto, chega-se a diversas hipóteses quanto à ocorrência de parecer não limpo como fator motivador para a troca de auditores por parte da administração e quanto ao rodízio obrigatório de auditorias propiciando a emissão de pareceres não limpos. Além da pesquisa documental, este trabalho também é composto por revisão da literatura acadêmica e especializada, que fundamentam e respaldam as principais questões abordadas. Os resultados obtidos, após as considerações e constatações observadas nas pesquisas bibliográficas, e nos resultados dos testes da estatística qui-quadrado, verificam que a administração é mais propensa a trocar a firma de auditoria quando recebe um parecer modificado por ressalvas e ênfases relevantes que quando recebe um parecer limpo da firma de auditoria atual. Outra constatação é a ausência de relação entre a adoção do rodízio obrigatório de auditoria e a emissão de pareceres modificados nos anos após esta troca.

The effects of external and internal strikes on total factor productivity

This paper examines structural changes that occur in the total factor productivity (TFP) within countries. It is possible that some episodes of high economic growth or economic decline are associated with permanent productivity shocks, therefore, this research has two objectives. The Örst one is to estimate the structural changes present in TFP for a sample of 81 countries between 1950(60) and 2000. The second one is to identify, whenever possible, episodes in the political and economic history of these countries that may account for the structural breaks in question. The results suggest that about 85% of the TFP time-series present at least one structural break, moreover, at least half the structural changes can be attributed to internal factors, such as independence or a newly adopted constitution, and about 30% to external shocks, such as oil shock or shocks in international interest rates. The majority of the estimated breaks are downwards, indicating that after a break the TFP tends to decrease, implying that institutional rearrangements, external shocks, or internal shocks may be costly and from which it is very di¢ cult to recover.

Dual resource transfers and interruption in external debt service

Externai debt service requires a dual resource transfer. Trade surpluses have to be generated in order to make foreign exchange revenues available for debt repayment. In addition, with developing countries' externai debt being largely a public liability, debt service requires that resources can be effectively transferred from the private to the public sector. This paper derives a statistical model for dealing with dual constraints in the presence of binary dependent variables and applies it to the dual resource transfer problem. The results from the estimation of the model for a sample of 31 middle-income developing countries in the period of 1980 to 1990, strongly support the hypothesis that both externai and fiscal constraints are important in explaining externai debt service disruptions.

The challenges faced by the external audit industry in Brazil: an exploratory study

The auditing role in the contemporaneous business environment, and increasing interest in and demand for governance and transparency, has become an element even more important to the society, as a whole, in order to build solid basis to the development of businesses and generation of wealth through technical knowledge, independence, transparency, credibility, and ethics. Nevertheless, the external financial audit industry in the world and also particularly in Brazil has faced several challenges which threaten its success and evolution. In this sense, since the external audit industry in Brazil has been immersed in a deep crisis with features that are explored through this study, allow me to create an analogy over this study saying that the external financial audit industry is like a sick person with a chronic disease, but the disease has not yet been diagnosed and the person has been dealing with the isolated symptoms. This person, the external audit industry, has struggled with this disease for many years and it is getting worse. It is fundamental to highlight that the challenges faced by the external audit industry in Brazil, ultimately, have not harmed the industry only, but they also materialize themselves as chronic issues for the corporate governance and the capital markets since they harm every interested party. In my point of view, the hardest affected are the investors or shareholders whose interest the independent auditor’s work seeks to preserve. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to have a picture of the challenges faced by the external audit industry in Brazil and understand those challenges as a requirement to analyze the potential alternatives to solve them or, analogically, to diagnose this disease. The research purpose is to map and identify the challenges faced by the external audit industry in Brazil based on the understanding of professionals seasoned in the area. Those challenges are mapped and understood through a methodological approach, a questionnaire answered by auditors with experience in the Brazilian auditing market. The challenges were preliminarily listed based on over 16 years of experience of the author in the area of auditing and financial and accounting services, discussions and interviews about the topic with seasoned professionals, and analyses of pieces of news, publications and academic studies. The questionnaire was used in order to validate the challenges, observations, perspectives, and perceptions gathered through those resources. Despite of the fact that the study is highly relevant, it was not found, through my research, other analyses on this topic with a similar approach which is intended by this study. It looks like the external audit industry in Brazil has walked through these new age dealing with problems on a daily basis and the real challenges of the industry may be concealed by the economic conditions in Brazil and other explanations. As in any problematic scenario, in which a critical analysis is needed, having an accurate picture and understanding of the challenges is a crucial step to start exploring alternatives to address them.

How to manage macroeconomic policies to foster growth and employment and prevent financial and external crises

My presentation focuses on the implementation of a macroeconomic policy regime which, I believe, is capable of simultaneously attaining several targets, including the promotion of growth and employment and the prevention of external and financial crises.