Infrastructure privatization in a neoclassical economy : macroeconomic impact and welfare computation

In this paper a competitive general equilibrium model is used to investigate the welfare and long run allocation impacts of privatization. There are two types of capital in this model economy, one private and the other initially public ("infrastructure"), and a positive externality due to the latter is assumed. A benevolent government can improve upon decentralized allocation internalizing the externality, but it introduces distortions in the economy through the finance of its investments. It is shown that even making the best case for public action - maximization of individuals' welfare, no• operation inefficiency and free supply to society of infrastructure services - privatization is welfare improving for a large set of economies. Hence, arguments against privatization based solely on under-investment are incorrect, as this maybe the optimal action when the financing of public investment are considered. When operation inefficiency is introduced in the public sector, gains from privatization are much higher and positive for most reasonable combinations of parameters .

As dimensões bio-psico-sociais dos papéis sexuais

Esta dissertação é baseada numa pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter multidisciplinar, e apresenta os seguintes objetivos: 1) efetuar um estudo sobre as dimensões bio16gicas dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 2) apresentar as principais teorias sobre a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 3) destacar os mais importantes estudos sócio-culturais que privilegiem a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 4) localizar nas diversas manifestações culturais (literatura, arte, música e linguagem) dados que esclareçam a origem dos papéis e dos estereótipos sexuais na cultura brasileira; 5) abordar, objetiva e criticamente, o machismo, ou sexismo típico brasileiro; causas e consequências. Na medida em que nos propusemos a atingir os objetivos citados, constatamos que o nosso ponto de partida seria a sobrevivência dos estere6tipos. Em outras palavras, a importante questão da origem dos estere6tipos seria o nosso filão. Afinal de contas, se o estere6tipo e a realidade não apresentam correlação, como aquele sobrevive? Da mesma maneira, de onde se originam as diferenças sexuais observadas? Na tentativa de respondermos i pergunta, procuramos estudar as três dimensões, que consideramos fundamentais, a saber: 1) a dimensão biológica 2) a dimensão psicológica 3) a dimensão social.

Infrastructure privatization in a neoclassical economy: macroeconomic impact and welfare computation

In this paper a competi tive general equilibrium model is used to investigate the welfare and long run allocation impacts of privatization. There are two types of capital in this model economy, one private and the other initially public ("infrastructure"), and a positive extemality due to the latter is assumed. A benevolent governrnent can improve upon decentralized allocation intemalizing the extemality, but it introduces distortions in the economy through the finance of its investments. It is shown that even making the best case for public action - maximization of individuais' welfare, no operation inefficiency and free supply to society of infrastructure services - privatization is welfare improving for a large set of economies. Hence, arguments against privatization based solely on under-investment are incorrect, as this maybe the optimal action when the financing of public investment are considered. When operation inefficiency is introduced in the public sector, gains from privatization are much higher and positive for most reasonable combinations of parameters.