Lifestyle factors, direct and indirect costs for a Brazilian airline company

OBJECTIVE: To analyze lifestyle risk factors related to direct healthcare costs and the indirect costs due to sick leave among workers of an airline company in Brazil. METHODS: In this longitudinal 12-month study of 2,201 employees of a Brazilian airline company, the costs of sick leave and healthcare were the primary outcomes of interest. Information on the independent variables, such as gender, age, educational level, type of work, stress, and lifestyle-related factors (body mass index, physical activity, and smoking), was collected using a questionnaire on enrolment in the study. Data on sick leave days were available from the company register, and data on healthcare costs were obtained from insurance records. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between direct and indirect healthcare costs with sociodemographic, work, and lifestyle-related factors. RESULTS: Over the 12-month study period, the average direct healthcare expenditure per worker was US$505.00 and the average indirect cost because of sick leave was US$249.00 per worker. Direct costs were more than twice the indirect costs and both were higher in women. Body mass index was a determinant of direct costs and smoking was a determinant of indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and smoking among workers in a Brazilian airline company were associated with increased health costs. Therefore, promoting a healthy diet, physical activity, and anti-tobacco campaigns are important targets for health promotion in this study population.

Índice de atividade dos fundos de investimento em ações: determinantes e consequências

Este trabalho estima, no mercado brasileiro, o índice de atividade de compra e venda de ativos que compõem os fundos de investimento em ações e o impacto dessa atividade no desempenho dos fundos. Além disso, o estudo procura evidenciar os determinantes do índice de atividade usando as características dos fundos e as características dos gestores. O estudo segue a metodologia de mensuração de atividade de Gaspar, Massa e Matos (2005) e Índice de Sharpe e Índice de Jensen para mensuração de desempenho dos fundos. Através de base de dados de composição, retornos, características dos fundos e características dos gestores, o estudo destaca elevados índices de atividade, impactando negativamente o desempenho dos fundos. A idade, a formação acadêmica e a experiência de mercado do gestor são determinantes para altos níveis de atividade dos fundos.