O global e o contextual no aprendizado gerencial de multinacionais: uma perspectiva brasileira

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

Responsabilidade social das empresas e valores humanos: um estudo sobre a atitude dos gestores brasileiros

In the last decades of the 21st century, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widely debated issues in business management, concerning researchers, politicians, managers and society at large. With multilateral implications in economic and social life, CSR refers, essentially, to the discussion about the boundaries of business intervention in society and the ethical limits that should regulate that intervention. It questions the impact of business practices in social well-being, the role left for corporations and for the State in attending to community needs, and which are, at last, the responsibilities that tie enterprises to society. In this research, CSR is approached from the perspective of its ethical foundations, based on the moral reasoning of the business manager, as a key organizational leader with relevant decision power. Specifically, the research aims to understand how the personal human value system and the ethical orientation of managers influence their attitude towards CSR, considering this attitude as an indicator of managerial behavior that translates into corporate performance. Theoretically, CSR concept is discussed and presented as a set of social commitments, based on a strict interpretation of its meaning. As to human values, its philosophical roots are briefly analyzed and Schwartz modern motivational theory is addressed as main reference for studying the personal value system of managers in this research. Concerning ethics, based on classical theory from moral philosophy, references are seek in John Stuart Mill¿s utilitarianism, Immanuel Kant¿s deontological absolutism, John Rawls¿s theory of justice and the ethics of virtue inspired by Aristotle¿s moral thoughts. Based on an extended literature review, research hypothesis are proposed as part of a theoretical model of analysis named Individual Attitude Towards Social Responsibility Model. In order to test the theory¿s empirical validity, it was conducted a field study with 252 Brazilian managers, mainly from the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Results show that managerial attitude aligned with CSR principles is favored by conservative personal values, protectors of stability and centered on collective will, and by an ethical orientation based on egalitarianism as postulated by distributive justice principles. However, results also show that the influence of values and personal ethics on managerial attitude towards CSR only occur in managers younger than 30 years old. Findings and their meanings are discussed, as well as summarized in the Axiological and Ethical Determinants of Managers¿ Social Commitment Model. Finally, methodological limitations are evaluated and clues for further research are suggested.

Sentidos do trabalho informacional corporativo: uma investigação sobre o impacto do conhecimento no trabalho contemporâneo

This study proposes and uses a multipolar qualitative methodology for the investigation of the meanings of corporate work under the impact of the technical-scientific knowledge. Based on the constructionist epistemology and on a heideggerian approach, this methodology made possible the description of such phenomenon under the Management perspective, but also under the Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy views. Study starts with empirical data, collected by interviews and in publications, and analyzes them based on conceptual contributions from the four referred poles. As a result, this investigation proposes reflexivity, impermanence and entanglement as meanings of the corporate work that culminate in the paradoxical work. It also demonstrates that the impact of knowledge occurs in a reflexive spiral of complexification, continuously affecting individuals and work processes; describes the impermanent character of the work ruled by time, by neophilia and by uncertainties that make precarious the very subjective experience of worker; and proposes that this work becomes entangled due to the way it is managed, and is an entangling work, for embarrassing the individual in its techniques, logics and dissonances. The paradoxical essence that emerges from this appreciation of corporate work is described on the following scopes: its reflexivity does not prevent its rationality to be fragile; its dynamism coexists with the difficulty to achieve substantive organizational changes; its entanglement compromises the possibilities of an apparently reachable well-being; its focus on present ends up to be emptied; and its purpose of individual sustenance becomes unsustainable due to hyperconsumption. But the conclusions of the study do no describe a definitive phenomenon. At the ending, it points out possibilities of living with the paradoxical work as well as possibilities of its transformation.

Gestão estratégica de recursos humanos: desenvolvimento e aplicabilidade dos indicadores de desempenho

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar a importância do conhecimento das informações e indicadores de desempenho de recursos humanos para facilitar a introdução do componente estratégico na gestão de recursos humanos. As práticas tradicionalmente partem do princípio da necessidade de transformar o modelo funcional, com característica reativa, para um modelo mais proativo, que integre com todos os fenômenos e necessidades dos ambientes interno e externo da organização. Para realizar a mudança de modelo, é necessário analisar a modelagem organizacional, para garantir o equilíbrio, coerência e redução das incertezas das ações e das respostas às mudanças. A complexidade dos fatores envolvidos nesta transição provocam uma série de reflexos não perceptíveis, identificados em pesquisa de clima organizacional, decorrente de fatores de insegurança e de ansiedade, provocadas pelo desconhecimento e imprevisibilidade das mudanças. Este trabalho considera que existe um meio mais simples de introdução da gestão estratégica, considerando que a maioria das empresas possui uma administração de recursos humanos tradicional, sustentada pelo departamento de pessoal, cuja ênfase está no respeito às regulamentações e legislações trabalhistas. Neste enfoque, respeitando as técnicas e práticas existentes e, com a finalidade de atender esta maioria sem provocar grandes impactos, propomos que a dimensão estratégica seja implementada por meio da elaboração e divulgação de informações e indicadores estratégicos de recursos humanos. Estas informações possibilitam transformar a tradicional linguagem subjetiva da área para uma nova linguagem de negócios e de resultados, expressa por valores numéricos que quantificam a eficácia da gestão e de sua contribuição para a sociedade.

Modelo de avaliação competitiva de destinos turísticos com base nas capacidades dinâmicas

Over the past few decades, the phenomenon of competitiveness, and the underlying competitive advantage thereof, has been analyzed in diverse ways, in terms of its sources (external and internal environment) and competitive management strategies, as well as different scopes (nations, economic sectors and organizations) and fields of study (economy and organizational theory). Moreover, competitiveness is a complex phenomenon and, thus, reflected in the many methods and approaches which some frameworks have developed throughout the period to try to examine it in the tourism sector as well as other industries. In this research a framework for destinations is presented on the basis of dynamic capabilities. This is an important contribution to the research, since previous studies for the tourism sector have not approached this relevant aspect of the competitive development of tourist destinations, i.e. based on the capabilities of innovation, transformation, creation and research presents a competitive evaluation of the dynamic capabilities of tourist destinations, on the basis of 79 activities, distributed in eight , this work presents an empirical application of the framework in a sample of twenty Brazilian cities, considered, by the Brazilian Tourism Minister, as indicative tourist destinations for regional development. The results obtained from this evaluation were submitted to tests of statistical reliability and have demonstrated that the destinations possess heterogeneous levels of capabilities between themselves (different levels developed in the categories between the cities) and inside each destination (developed levels of capability between the categories of the destination). In other words: heterogeneity is not only between category to category.

Estudo de caso da evolução organizacional da Escola Técnica do Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro(ETAM) em relação à viabilidade do atingimento simultâneo de requisitos fomentados pelo Ministério da Educação e pelo Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro

The present study treats of an historical analysis of the organizational evolution of School Technique of Arsenal of Navy of Rio de Janeiro (ETAM) and your contribution to the establishment of the current managerial model. This school is the one of national institution of teaching, turned to the area of the industry naval, what else contributed in the country, in the century 20, to the formation qualified of hand of work, having activities since 1923. The Arsenal of Navy of Rio de Janeiro, counting with 239 years of experience, since your foundation, stimulates the professional qualification of Brazilians workers , on the area of the industry naval, since 1823.

O medo no contexto organizacional

This study looked for identify the causes and the effects of fear in the individuals within the organizational context. The procedure for data collection consisted in a questionnaire divided in two stages, and applied in 76 individuals. The first stage consisted in a words evocation test and the second, as a complementary mode, was composed by four open questions. The theory of social representations and the central nucleus theory were the foundations of the data analysis of the words evocation test. The processing of the open questions was consisted in an interpretative analysis, based in the presented theoretical referencial and supported by the respondents social representation of fear. In the enterprises context, different causes and effects of fear had been found in the inserted individuals. However, in its majority, it was identified that the biggest individuals fears are the unemployment, the threats, punishments, the unstable and unsafe environments of work, the unfair competition, the collusions, sabotages, tricks, the incapacity to do its work¿s tasks and the abusive increase of the work load. On the other hand, about the fear¿s effects, there is a frequent physiological and psychological instability when they had been submitted in high work loads. The fear is an excellent creativity, innovation and aptitude repressor, and it is capable to generate disgusts, frustrations, defensive postures, standstills and to increase the jobs navigability.

Saúde mental e modelo médico-orgânico: necessidade de mudanças administrativas organizacionais

o presente estudo objetiva realizar uma análise da estrutura organizacional de u~n hospital psiquiátrico no úmbito público, o Hospital Municipal Jurandyr Manti·edini. visando a discutir criticamente a preponderância do modelo médico-orgânico como forma de abordagem e tratamento das doenças mentais. A esquizofrenia serviu como referencial de doença mental por. em função de suas múltiplas manifestações, permitir de forma mais rica a análise do modelo vigente. Através da descrição de um caso clínico, levantou-se o problema: como a rigidez e a estrutura hierárquica de poder. em lugar de propiciarem formas de tratamento da doença compatíveis com os avanços tecnológicos e as retormas psiquiátricas que preconizam a desospitalização e a maior humanização na relação terapeutapaciente. tornam essa relação cada vez mais distante e resistente à mudanças. Por meio de pesquisa documental e de campo. em que o problema pôde ser transformado em hipótese de trabalho, os dados coletados sob a forma de questionários e entrevistas corroboraram a hipótese de que teoria e prática permanecem ainda distantes no que se refere à necessária inclusão abordagens complementares que permitam não só um tratamento mais eficaz, mas também Lima estrutura administrativa/organizacional mais tlexível e conseqüentemente mais eficiente. Longe de ser um trabalho conclusivo. pretende abrir caminho para novas discussões. desdobrando-se em pesquisas futuras.

Estratégias de inovação e mudança organizacional: o Programa de Racionalização e competitividade da Caixa Econômica Federal

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo identificar - por meio do estudo de caso da implantação do PRC - Programa de Racionalização e Competitividade na Caixa Econômica Federal - se existem padrões de respostas e soluções organizacionais que possam ensejar um modelo básico de inovação e mudança organizacional tipicamente brasileiro. Considerando que o turbulento ambiente empresarial brasileiro desenvolveu empresas altamente adaptáveis às provocações ambientais por meio de diversos modelos de gestão de mudança organizacional, o presente estudo num primeiro momento faz uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Em seguida, descreve o contexto e os diversos modelos de gestão experimentados pela CAIXA, no período de 1989 a 1998, visando registrar e sistematizar informações que poderão permitir que se vislumbre, ao longo do tempo, traços comuns que possam caracterizar esse típico modelo de inovação e mudança organizacional brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos da pesquisa de campo, respaldados pelo exame bibliográfico, permitiu concluir que o processo de mudança experimentado pela organização em virtude da implementação do programa foi despertado tanto por variáveis do contexto interno quanto do contexto externo, com semelhante intensidade. Adicionalmente, pode-se concluir que houve mais facilidade da organização em lidar com as perspectivas estratégica, estrutural e humana, e mais dificuldade em lidar com as perspectivas tecnológica, cultural e política. Confirma-se, portanto, que algumas perspectivas do processo de mudança experimentado pela CAIXA denotaram práticas de inovação organizacional e que, entretanto, outras perspectivas não puderam ser reproduzidas de modo confiável, em uma escala significativa a custos razoáveis.

Fábrica de Software : um estudo de caso na Dataprev, sob a ótica da estrutura organizacional

The aim of this case study was to investigate how the evolutionary process of the development of software, especially the change of paradigm for the factory software, has affected the structure of the Board of Relacionamento, Desenvolvimento e Informações - DRD at a public company called Dataprev and also reflecting or not a return to the model taylorist-fordist of the organization on production. For this study, there were interviews and a questionnaire applied, as well as documentary and literature review on the following topics: organizational structure, factory software, taylorism and fordism. From the data collected and analyzed, in the perspective studied, it was understood that there is not a return to the model taylorist-fordist to organize the production in the process of adopting the concept of a software factory in Dataprev. In addition to that, there was a flexibility in the organizational structure of its units of development - the softwares factories Dataprev.

Organizações em Rede

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o fenômeno das organizações que se articulam em rede com a finalidade de aliar interesses em comum, ou resolver um problema complexo, ou ainda ampliar o raio de alcance de suas ações. Nesse sentido, as organizações que se articulam em rede reconhecem, primeiramente, que não podem alcançar determinados objetivos de forma isolada e necessitam conciliar seus recursos com os de outras organizações, como, por exemplo, financiamentos, informações, conhecimento, ou até mesmo, status, experiência ou legitimidade. Os tipos de rede variam, principalmente, de acordo com o nível de autonomia dos atores que a compõem e com a natureza da relação de interdependência que estabelecem entre si, resultando numa arena permeada por confrontos de opinião, compartilhamento de projetos e um longo processo de construção de relações de confiança. No campo de estudo da administração, as redes correspondem a um novo fenômeno organizacional que traduz a complexidade dos empreendimentos contemporâneos, se utiliza da flexibilidade proporcionada pelas tecnologias de comunicação e incorpora os estilos de gestão que buscam maior participação e compromisso das pessoas envolvidas. Em contraposição ao modelo de organização burocrática, a rede pressupõe uma disposição horizontal dos atores, sejam indivíduos ou instituições, baseada em relações mais simétricas do que hierárquicas, mais cooperativas do que competitivas e mais dinâmicas do que normativas, exigindo novos parâmetros para a coordenação das ações. Esse trabalho busca sistematizar as diferentes perspectivas teóricas, conceitos e idéias relacionados ao tema das redes, com ênfase em modelos de gestão orientados à ação pública, na qual é fundamental conciliar a democratização do processo decisório à efetividade dos empreendimentos, em outras palavras, a racionalidade dialógica é racionalidade instrumental e, nesse sentido, expressam os principais desafios na gestão de redes. No primeiro capítulo se analisa o contexto que propicia a formação das redes, identificando as tendências na gestão de empresas e a reforma na gestão pública, os obstáculos na relação entre estado e sociedade e os desafios da constituição de redes para a superação destes. O capítulo seguinte apresenta o referencial teórico de redes, define os conceitos utilizados no trabalho e discute os aspectos fundamentais da gestão de redes. O último capítulo apresenta a pesquisa empírica, na qual é utilizado o método de estudo de caso, com a finalidade de investigar a dinâmica organizacional e o modelo de gestão de uma rede considerada um caso revelador: o Comitê das Entidades Públicas no Combate à Fome e pela Vida, que atua no Brasil, em âmbito nacional, e atualmente articula mais de 700 organizações.

Os impactos da interação dinâmica entre a percepção da realidade e a ação humana na implementação da estratégia organizacional de uma empresa pública: um estudo de caso de cultura organizacional

This study exploits the Organizational Culture theme by a not very conventional way of the Theories of the Organization. Seeking solid bases in the anthropology and in the sociology with Geertz, Bourdieu, Guerreiro Ramos, Hofstede, Peter Berger, among others admirable thinkers, escapes from the common place established in the decade of 70 and mimetically repeated since then, by those who are arranged to study the cultures of the organizations. Instead of understand the culture as a variable of the reality, it treats like a form of access it. Instead of the purpose, it treats like a way. With a powerful instrument of diagnosis based on methods originated from the semiology and from the analysis of discourses, we study the case of a big Brazilian company that faces problems in the implementation of his program of excellence in security, environment and health. From the identification of the Organizational Culture as the element that hindes the full implementation of this program, we develop considerations as to the cultural factors that limit its implementation and that are going to be worked by the individuals that share this culture, in case of wanting effectively its implementation. Dimensions of the national culture as distance of power, legalism, formalism, posture of spectator, among others, are well-defined from the analysis we did and suggestions of how the manager should deal with these characteristics in the everyday life of its activities are presented.

Um caso de aprendizagem organizacional: exame conceitual e de aplicabilidade no contexto público

This research has a practice-oriented focus on the concept of Organizational Learning. The basic approach is a learning organization perspective, and some references to the concepts and concerns of organizational learning were included whenever necessary and proper. Organizational Learning is researched mainly from a management techniques and strategy point of view, with a smaller emphasis on the innovation and accumulation of technological capabilities and theoretical research points of view. A broad approach has been used, based mainly on the study of a successful case using action research in a private telecommunication company operating nationwide in Brazil. This study involved a small group, as it is common with pilot groups for learning organizations. The main purpose of this research is to provide a broad and updated survey about the idea of Organizational Learning. Results presented in the related literature are compared with findings from the field, and that literature is cited throughout the text. The interactions of Organizational Learning with the Brazilian context and with the public administration context are analyzed; important data, ranging from the historical origins and bases of the concept, to details of the activities in a real life learning organization, are shown. Some essential aspects, that should be considered or used when applying this type of management, are analyzed. The action research has shown a close proximity between Organizational Learning and a phenomenological perspective, servant leadership, and managerial model, respectively in the fields of philosophical approach, leadership, and management models.

Aprendizagem organizacional: estudo do ambiente na primeira instância do poder judiciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

This present study aims the human being¿s change aptness in the Judicial Power of The State of Rio de Janeiro, considering the Judiciary¿s historical, organizational and institutional characteristics. The introduced study is guided by the objective that social relations within some institutions have educational features and how these relations can generate knowledge. The analysis relates the maintenance or the rupture of the paradigms that the institution stimulates to be adopted by the human beings when they need to face reality.

As "Confrarias" como um Fenômeno Organizacional Brasileiro: Notas Etnográficas de um Aprendiz de Bourdieu

Over the last years we have seen a significant increase in scholarly production within the organization studies field in Brazil. However it is still not representative. The tendency to consume foreign and fashionable ideas unrestrainedly, to make use of imported, universal and non-contextualized explanations to inquiry phenomenon which are essentially local and particular, make it difficult to develop a true Brazilian tradition. This work is a result of an ambitious ethnographic adventure" of an acknowledged apprentice of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's large body of knowledge. It is about taking reflexivity to the limit. It is about learning "through the body" in an effort - both theoretical and empirical - to investigate a Brazilian organizational phenomenon which reproduces the hierarchical side of our society and, under the disguise of the legitimacy offered by organizational discourse, help keeping the very structure of our society in a silent but powerful way. I also want this work to be an alert for the importance of contextualization as a means to avoid a recurring distortion of the scholarly production in administrative science: the mobilization of theoretical references in such a safe way that make explicitness totally unnecessary, the appropriation of concepts whose essence is strange to the nature of the very phenomenon which they aim to explain, and the insistence in the impersonal style, in third-voice narratives, as if it were possible to produce knowledge in social sciences with absolute impartiality. "