115 resultados para Contabilidade gerencial


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A presente dissertação procura promover uma reflexão sobre a evolução da tecnologia gerencial nas organizações públicas, particularizando o estilo gerencial intuitivo. A partir dos referenciais pesquisados na literatura especializada, a autora privilegia comentar as teorias gerenciais embasadas na tipologia junguiana. O estudo consta de: uma síntese da evolução histórica da atividade gerencial, uma discussão sobre o significado do termo intuição, uma apresentação de teorias sobre o estilo gerencial e sua importância no processo decisório, e uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos pelas pesquisas realizadas sobre o estilo gerencial intuitivo nas organizações de uma forma geral, bem como aqueles de uma organização pública específica.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar um modelo organizacional capaz de contemplar a Aduana brasileira com o nível ideal de interiorização necessário para suportar a expansão do comércio internacional. Inicialmente, os seguintes referencias foram investigados: o modelo organizacional atualmente empregado, os compromissos aduaneiros assumidos no âmbito do MERCOSUL e os novos paradigmas inseridos na proposta de reforma da administração pública federal. A escolha estratégica, que pretende indicar o nível de interiorização ideal, foi formulada considerando-se diferentes opiniões colhidas de personalidades envolvidas interna com a atuação aduaneira. A partir desta escolha e dos referencias considerados, promoveu-se então a reconcepção do modelo organizacional. Para elaborar o estudo, o autor teve que conduzir uma estruturada reflexão sobre alguns dos graves problemas que enfrenta a administração da mais importante instituição tributária do País. A partir de uma investigação dialética ,interessantes soluções puderam ser formuladas para os problemas diagnosticados. Como resultado, diversas propostas foram então inseridas no contexto da escolha estratégica ideal e do novo modelo organizacional.

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ESTA MONOGRAFIA OBJETIVOU IDENTIFICAR ATÉ QUE PONTO A ABERTURA DO MERCADO BRASILEIRO AFETOU O PROCESSO GERENCIAL DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO. UTILIZOU-SE METODOLOGIA DIVERSIFICADA CONSISTENTE DE REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE O TEMA, ANÁLISE E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE DADOS FORNECIDOS PELO SEBRAE-ES, IBGE E UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO (UFES) E PESQUISA DE CAMPO EM QUE FORAM ENTREVISTADOS EMPRESÁRIOS DO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO EM MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO. PELO ESTUDO, CONCLUI-SE QUE: O PROCESSO DE GLOBALIZAÇÃO TEM AFETADO A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA E, PARTICULARMENTE, A CAPIXABA; EM RELAÇÃO AO SETOR DE CONFECÇÃO, O IMPACTO DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO NÃO TEM SIDO ACENTUADO; E O PROCESSO GERENCIAL DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO RAMO DE CONFECÇÃO NO ESTADO, SURGIU COMO UMA DAS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DA FRAGILIDADE E INEFICÁCIA DO SETOR, TORNANDO-SE INADIÁVEIS E IMPERATIVAS AÇÕES QUE PROPICIEM O DESENVOLVIMENTO GERENCIAL, A FIM DE PERMITIR-LHE CONTRIBUIR PARA A DISTRIBUIÇÃO SOCIAL DOS MEIOS DE PRODUÇÃO.

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Nowadays, management of Intellectual Capital seems to be one of the most efficacious alternatives so that companies may permanently develop competitive differentials to enable their survival in a market that confers paradigma status to globalization. Managers are searching for solutions aiming to attract and maintain in their boards professionals that might be able to develop these competitive differentials and assure to their companies the expected results and the business growth. In this environment, the manager¿s functions appears as a strategic function towards the organization¿s routine and yet suggests an evaluation about the professionals performance concerning challenges (efforts) that market requires. The amount of scientific knowledge which these professionals detain about power should be measured as well as the thought that this can improve their performance regarding their capacity to convince (induce) people. This research concerns those that look for empirical evidences and scientific arguments to confirm the supposition that power knowledge may in fact provide a superior performance of those professionals that are in charge of management functions. The reason and results here presented allow to: reevaluate managers duties in private organizations, improve executive training programs so as to be more productive and appropriated, change the selection methods used to recognize such executives and finally suggest a reevaluation about the real adequation of graduation and master degree courses in regards to professionals graduation which are capable to ingress in business market and take over leadership positions.

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O estudo procura identificar a influência cultural na distància entre o discurso do programa de Gestão pela Qualidade Total (GQT) e a prática gerencial de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Caso (lESC), pois parecia haver uma incongruência entre os valores verbalmente expressos pela administração, compartilhados pelo conjunto dos colaboradores, e as práticas observadas na organização. Ou seja, havia uma lógica na articulação da prática gerencial que era incompatível com a lógica dos valores verbalmente expressos. Se acreditarmos, como Geertz (1989), que a análise do fenômeno cultural deve estar calcada sobre a observação do fluxo do comportamento, no qual cada ação é vista como uma ação simbólica, importa analisar fundamentalmente estas ações em seu contexto para compreender seu significado, e buscar então uma explicação para o fato destas práticas estarem incongruentes com o discurso. Para isto foram utilizados observações, entrevistas e questionários na instituição analisada, o que possibilitou verificar que sua relação com o ambiente legitimou práticas gerenciais convergentes com o estilo gerencial brasileiro, sendo possível constatar a intluência cultural na distància entre o discurso adotado pela lESC e sua prática gerencial

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The main goal of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the appropriate accounting treatment of the operations in cooperatives, which differentiates them from other Brazilian commercial societies. This treatment is objectively examined under the lens of the norm NBC T 10.8 of Federal Council of Accounting, which determines distinction between cooperative acts and non-cooperative acts. The theoretical foundation of this paperwork is centered in examining, from both the cooperative doctrine and the accounting theory viewpoint, the issues related to the origin, nature and purpose of the cooperatives, as well as the accounting regulation applicable to them. The author developed a method to treat adequately the norm NBC T 10.8 and applied it to a case study of a wine producer cooperative in southern Brazil. As a result of this work, it is demonstrated that NBC T 10.8 eliminated a historical deficiency that permeated the accounting practice in cooperatives, whose accounting procedures - implicit in both technical and scientific content in NBC T 10.8 ¿ are presented in a detailed manner.

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Esta dissertação objetiva transmitir subsídios não somente para um repensar estratégico bem como e, principalmente, para uma ampla visão da eterna dicotomia quanto a determinação de centralizar ou descentralizar o processo decisório e as atividades nas empresas. Considerando-se, o acirramento crescente da concorrência e a pressão econômica capitaneada pela mundialização dos produtos e serviços, como sendo os principais influenciadores desta inquietação. Será analisado o setor de comércio varejista, mais especificamente supermercados e hipermercados e, as razões e motivos pelos quais os seus executivos podem ter optado por conduzir suas organizações para um determinado posicionamento estratégico-gerencial bem como, às conseqüentes vantagens e desvantagens destas escolhas. As conclusões a serem obtidas com esta dissertação objetivam estimular a reflexão das organizações, profissionais e estudiosos acerca dos impactos tangíveis e intangíveis quando estiverem definindo ou reconsiderando o seu posicionamento estratégico-gerencial, e, ainda, levaram a macro-conclusão de que não existe um único modelo aplicável para todas as situações e que, infinitas configurações e aplicações podem ser consideradas. Palavras ¿ chaves: estratégia, centralização de poder, administração de aspectos conflitantes, fatores motivacionais e psicológicos, mudanças,transformações organizacionais e humanização das empresas.

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The management system based on lean thinking has led to significant changes in the companies that have decided to adopt it. Frequently, those changes do not create a sustainable position coherent with the good results that are obtained. Many are the causes being discussed and analyzed, not only in academia, but also by lean manufacturing institutes and companies. The existing practices related to the managerial information system and the implementation, development, and maintenance of the lean journey may be some of such causes. This dissertation emphasizes whether the changes generated by this type of management are being followed by the managerial information system. The development of such system was in many cases based on mass production, whose principles go against lean manufacturing concepts. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to verify whether the traditional managerial information system can meet the needs of the companies that adopt lean manufacturing principles. Through a case study based on qualitative and exploratory research in an electronic equipment assembling company, the stage of the implementation of lean thinking concepts at the time of the field research was analyzed, as well as whether the metrics, financial and non financial indicators were suitable for lean principles. The aim of such study was to empirically verify if the criticism found in the existing literature was pertinent or not. The data collected through the analysis of the documentation, the interviews with managers and in loco observation was treated through the content analysis method. The main conclusion of the research is that, although the company in question is investing in training and applying lean principles in its production line and in some administrative activities, the current managerial information system does not demonstrate the specific results obtained with lean principles. However, how changes to the managerial information system will be implemented is yet to be determined. Currently, metrics and indicators aligned with lean management are being added to the managerial reports. As more lean tools are employed, mainly with the consolidation of more value streams, the company has already diagnosed the need for new indicators. The main office has started a diagnosis of measurement and control systems in a product line in one of its affiliates with the goal of studying the possibility of applying the so called lean accounting in the future.

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With the globalization of the economy and the growing participation of several world investors in financial markets, combining the political, economical and social differences of each country, the varying Accounting Statements based on principles, standards, procedures or idiosyncratic accounting patterns become inadequate to provide comprehensible and useful financial information to the users at international level. Considering a country¿s conditions, peculiarities and the stage of development, the need to promote the convergence of the effective accounting practices in the public sector with the emerging international accounting standards is imperative as the public entities endeavor to provide transparent and comparable accounting information that can be understood by financial analysts, investors, auditors and other users, independent of their origin and location. Consequently, the objective of this research was described through the following questions: Which are the main differences between the international and local accounting norms applicable to the public sector in Brazil? Which are the main differences between the applicable international accounting norms and the practices adopted by the Brazilian public sector? And, which are the main differences between the practices adopted by the entities of the Brazilian public sector and the practices adopted by entities of the public sector of countries that formally follow the international accounting norms? The methodology adopted in this research was the one of comparative analysis between standards and practices. To provide a basis for the comparative analysis, the Brazilian standards were used for the public sector and the international standards were identified by consulting with the main international accounting committees. In the comparative analyses of norms adopted in national accounting statements the financial accounting statements of the Municipal districts of Rio de Janeiro and of São Paulo were used, and compared with the international accounting statements of New Zealand. The results of these comparative analyses provide important conclusions about the convergence and harmonization processes in accounting norms and practices for the public sector mainly as they demonstrate some of the conflicts among the recent efforts to base and harmonize accounting practices in the near future, but today significant differences remain between the norms and practices. It was also noticed that, in practice, the divergence in Brazilian accounting practices from the international standards are accentuated by the recognition of the registrations of the budgetary execution in the patrimonial accounting; and, the comparison with the practices adopted by New Zealand demonstrated that the foreign country¿s advances towards harmonizing its standards to the international norms and practices in such an important way that New Zealand independently overcomes the minimum exigencies of harmonization, which in practice, is more complete than the practices currently adopted in Brazil.

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O estudo em questão tem por objetivo atestar a eficácia do modelo do Fluxo de Caixa pelo Método Indireto em comparação ao Fluxo de Caixa Direto e à Demonstração de Origens e aplicações de Recursos, como sendo o instrumento mais recomendado para avaliar e mensurar a capacidade de geração de caixa em relação a um determinado período de tempo. O fundamento teórico foi baseado nos seguintes autores: Matarazzo (1998), Brigham e Houston (1999), Vinagre Brasil e Guimarães Brasil (1992); Sanvicente (1993), Assaf Neto (1991), Falcini (1992), Ross, Westerfild e Jaffe (1995), Hoji (2001), Brigham, Gapenski e Ehrhardt (2001), Campos (1999) e Gitman (2001). Para validar a questão central, foi elaborada uma análise dos dados relativos aos demonstrativos da Petrobrás SI A referentes aos anos de 2001 e 2000, comparando-se os resultados observados no Fluxo de Caixa Indireto com os da Demonstração de Origens e Aplicações de Recursos. A pesquisa conclui que o fluxo de caixa pelo método indireto é um instrumento útil para se avaliar qualitativamente a capacidade de geração de caixa, porém limitado às organizações de maior porte, em função da necessidade de um sistema integrado de planejamento e análise de informações gerenciais, que nem sempre é observado no universo das empresas de menor dimensão.

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The choice of accounting standards capable of defining the recognition, measurement and publicizing of financial and economic information to the general public constitutes one of the accounting community¿s greatest challenges. So, the analysis of the Fundamental Principles of Accounting and of the Conceptual Structure of Accounting becomes relevant because of its direct relation to the normative process and because it represents the essence of doctrines and theories relating to the Science of Accounting. Each country¿s set of rules diverges when it comes to creating and evidencing Accounting Statements, and that¿s why the harmonization of the International Accounting Rules is becoming more important among accountants: as an answer to the world qualitative and quantitative demand for information. When managers, answering a great variety of incentives, manipulate or manage the disclosure of accounting information, they show that the management of accounting information begins to represent a purposeful intervention in the process of elaboration of financial and economic statements with the intention of obtaining some private benefit. In this context, Accounting Regulation performs an important function in the technical procedure of professionals in the area and in the development of practices convergent with international standards, which, in their turn, are already in force. The present study, which is exploratory and non-experimental, aims at presenting and analyzing the process of accounting regulation under the perspective of rules and of the choice of accounting practices as an answer by regulated entities on a tridimensional perspective. The establishment of interaction among diverse fields, through interdisciplinarity, aims at bridging the gap between the fields of law and accounting by articulating concepts and cognitive schemes in a process of mutual enrichment. The research concludes that it is possible to apply concepts from Miguel Reale¿s Tridimensional Theory of Law in the study of accounting regulation.

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Land, capital and work dictated the organizations¿ success in the industrial era. Added to these factors, the intangible assets are considered the key complement to determine business¿ sustainability in the knowledge era. The globalization creates a new dynamic in the markets and the knowledge management becomes focal point to the organizations. It becomes more common the incorporation of inter-organizational nets to improve business, in a strategy win-win where the tacit knowledge, noncodified, which is shared. More specifically, the innovation management, one of the intangible assets aspects, plays an important role in the Federal Government agenda, through the PDP and other market players. BNDES made significant progress to assist companies¿ demands in the knowledge era, among them: the adoption of the Intangible Assets BSC methodology to evaluate companies¿ credit risk and the partnership with Brightom University (UK) to train innovation management to companies¿ managers. Besides the initial steps, what are the challenges that BNDES will face from now on? In the bibliographic review, it is analyzed the competitive factors in the knowledge era, the evolution of the intangible assets concept, the consolidation of the networking as business strategy, evaluation its advantages and disadvantages, some innovation definitions and its management through the identification of the development level of the Brazilian companies¿ in this aspect. After that, it is analyzed the management tool so-called Balanced Scorecard, which is fundamental to the Intangible Assets BSC. The actions already implemented by BNDES, Sebrae and FINEP focused on the subject are identified in order to evaluate the integration level among those actions. Then, it is demonstrated the relevancy of the subject not only to BNDES, but also to society. This study faces the subject by the preparation of a diagnostic from 30 actives SMEs investments from BNDESPAR portfolio, a BNDES subsidiary, adopting the BSC methodology through questionnaire. The objective is to certify if there is enough space to elaborate an action plan focused on creating value to companies considering them intangible assets and, if it is viable, how this toll can be useful and adequate to achieve such objective. The questionnaire content, answered by the training participants in the innovation management program, is also evaluated to check the suggestions of actions to maximize the expected feedback. In the conclusion, it is verified that the tool so-called Intangible Assets BSC is adequate to the management activity of the investments in PMEs from BNDESPAR portfolio and there is enough space to adopt measures focused on creation of companies¿ value, mentioning some examples and highlighting some preliminary academicals contributions to improve the tool and also suggests other steps that BNDES can adopt to optimize the actions already implemented.

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Identifica o grau de satisfação do usuáio de um hospital geral com relação a uma série de atributos dos serviços oferecidos estabelecendo sua relação com as dimensões da qualidade. Analisa comparativamente a satisfação do usuário com a qualidade dos serviços e a percepção gerencial dessa qualidade. Os achados foram obtidos por meio de estudo descritivo com método de pesquisa Survey e uso de questionário estruturado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo

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Apresentção de artigos e comentários com evidenciação da necessidade de ampliação da Contabilidade, e posturas de diversos autores com relação à Contabiblidade Social, na tentativa de construir um arcabouço teórico nesse campo

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Discute o processo de mensuração de ativos na Contabilidade, enfocando os principais métodos que têm sido sugeridos e faz uma sistematização das contribuições mais importantes sobre o assunto, dentro de uma abordagem teórica