Ensino do direito para um mundo em transformação

Ao longo dos quase dez anos de seu curso de graduação, a DIREITO GV coleciona um vasto repertório de sólidas experiências relacionadas ao ensino jurídico participativo. São experiências de sucesso que, em seu conjunto, compõem um exemplo precioso de articulação entre reflexão teórica e aplicação prática de métodos participativos. O objetivo desta obra é partilhar essas experiências com o leitor em um diálogo franco, oferecendo-lhe o instrumental necessário para que possa aproximar-se criticamente do processo de construção participativa do conhecimento.

A crise do ensino jurídico e a experiência do CEPED

Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas.

Formação Jurídica e Humanidades

Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas

Por que?

Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas

Laboratório de Experiências Didáticas

Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas

Ensinar e Fazer o Direito

Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da Fundação Getulio Vargas

Using common features to understand the behavior of metal-commodity prices and forecast them at different horizons

The objective of this article is to study (understand and forecast) spot metal price levels and changes at monthly, quarterly, and annual horizons. The data to be used consists of metal-commodity prices in a monthly frequency from 1957 to 2012 from the International Financial Statistics of the IMF on individual metal series. We will also employ the (relatively large) list of co-variates used in Welch and Goyal (2008) and in Hong and Yogo (2009) , which are available for download. Regarding short- and long-run comovement, we will apply the techniques and the tests proposed in the common-feature literature to build parsimonious VARs, which possibly entail quasi-structural relationships between different commodity prices and/or between a given commodity price and its potential demand determinants. These parsimonious VARs will be later used as forecasting models to be combined to yield metal-commodity prices optimal forecasts. Regarding out-of-sample forecasts, we will use a variety of models (linear and non-linear, single equation and multivariate) and a variety of co-variates to forecast the returns and prices of metal commodities. With the forecasts of a large number of models (N large) and a large number of time periods (T large), we will apply the techniques put forth by the common-feature literature on forecast combinations. The main contribution of this paper is to understand the short-run dynamics of metal prices. We show theoretically that there must be a positive correlation between metal-price variation and industrial-production variation if metal supply is held fixed in the short run when demand is optimally chosen taking into account optimal production for the industrial sector. This is simply a consequence of the derived-demand model for cost-minimizing firms. Our empirical evidence fully supports this theoretical result, with overwhelming evidence that cycles in metal prices are synchronized with those in industrial production. This evidence is stronger regarding the global economy but holds as well for the U.S. economy to a lesser degree. Regarding forecasting, we show that models incorporating (short-run) commoncycle restrictions perform better than unrestricted models, with an important role for industrial production as a predictor for metal-price variation. Still, in most cases, forecast combination techniques outperform individual models.

Qualificando o “apagão” de competências da média gerência no mercado de trabalho atual: um estudo a partir da percepção de gestores

Muito se fala sobre o “apagão de talentos” no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Os meios de comunicação, inclusive as principais revistas de negócios, têm declarado frequentemente que faltam profissionais qualificados, ora afirmando que esse é um problema generalizado, ora se referindo a uma carência específica de determinado setor da economia. Existem ainda outras afirmações contraditórias, dizendo que o “apagão” não é verdadeiro e que, se há tal carência, ela é reflexo da deficiência das áreas de recursos humanos das organizações. E poucos estudos acadêmicos foram realizados até o momento com o propósito de investigar o assunto de maneira mais aprofundada. Nesse sentido, este estudo contribui para o entendimento das situações enfrentadas pelos gestores que precisam recrutar um executivo de média gerência no mercado de trabalho paulistano. Dentro desse contexto, surge o estudo do conceito de qualificação e o de competências. Muitos autores propõem definições diversas, dificultando a conceitualização, por isso é importante discutir a ideia de “competências” enquanto fundamento da prática de gestão de pessoas. No presente estudo foram utilizadas duas técnicas de investigação: uma quantitativa, com aplicação de questionário em 497 alunos que cursam pós-graduação da Fundação Getulio Vargas na cidade de São Paulo e ocupam posições de gestão em suas organizações, e outra qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevistas com três profissionais da área de recursos humanos com sólida reputação e forte atuação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Com base na análise dos resultados da pesquisa, identificou-se que 77,1% dos gestores avaliam que é um pouco ou muito difícil preencher uma vaga de média gerência; que os modelos de contratação mais adotados nas empresas privilegiam o recrutamento interno, mas que quando questionados sobre as soluções mais comumente empregadas para contornar o problema os dados indicam haver um gap, já que quase a metade das organizações declara recorrer ao recrutamento externo; e 88,3% dos gestores avaliam que há um impacto médio ou alto, para o negócio da empresa, no insucesso na busca pelo profissional mais adequado. Os resultados revelam que a percepção de que faltam profissionais no mercado de trabalho para atender a demanda está de acordo com as notícias veiculadas pelas revistas de negócios e que as sugestões apontadas pelos gestores para solucionar ou minimizar essas questões indicam tratar-se de um tema fundamentalmente relacionado à administração de recursos humanos das organizações.

Anuário de Publicações 2011

Este Anuário apresenta as publicações do corpo docente em tempo integral e parcial da FGV Direito Rio no ano de 2011, incluindo livros, artigos acadêmicos, trabalhos que integram anais de seminários e congressos, revisões técnicas de traduções, bem como artigos em revistas e jornais.

Approximate recursive equilibrium with minimal state space

This paper shows existence of approximate recursive equilibrium with minimal state space in an environment of incomplete markets. We prove that the approximate recursive equilibrium implements an approximate sequential equilibrium which is always close to a Magill and Quinzii equilibrium without short sales for arbitrarily small errors. This implies that the competitive equilibrium can be implemented by using forecast statistics with minimal state space provided that agents will reduce errors in their estimates in the long run. We have also developed an alternative algorithm to compute the approximate recursive equilibrium with incomplete markets and heterogeneous agents through a procedure of iterating functional equations and without using the rst order conditions of optimality.

The forward and the equity-premium puzzles: a straightforward test of whether they are two symptoms of the same illness

We build a stochastic discount factor—SDF— using information on US domestic financial data only, and provide evidence that it accounts for foreign markets stylized facts that escape SDF’s generated by consumption based models. By interpreting our SDF as the projection of the pricing kernel from a fully specified model in the space of returns, our results indicate that a model that accounts for the behavior of domestic assets goes a long way toward accounting for the behavior of foreign assets prices. In our tests, we address predictability, a defining feature of the Forward Premium Puzzle—FPP— by using instruments that are known to forecast excess returns in the moments restrictions associated with Euler equations both in the equity and the foreign markets.

Non-durable consumption and real-estate prices in Brazil: panel-data analysis at the state level

Housing is an important component of wealth for a typical household in many countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of real-estate price variation on welfare, trying to close a gap between the welfare literature in Brazil and that in the U.S., the U.K., and other developed countries. Our first motivation relates to the fact that real estate is probably more important here than elsewhere as a proportion of wealth, which potentially makes the impact of a price change bigger here. Our second motivation relates to the fact that real-estate prices boomed in Brazil in the last five years. Prime real estate in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo have tripled in value in that period, and a smaller but generalized increase has been observed throughout the country. Third, we have also seen a recent consumption boom in Brazil in the last five years. Indeed, the recent rise of some of the poor to middle-income status is well documented not only for Brazil but for other emerging countries as well. Regarding consumption and real-estate prices in Brazil, one cannot imply causality from correlation, but one can do causal inference with an appropriate structural model and proper inference, or with a proper inference in a reduced-form setup. Our last motivation is related to the complete absence of studies of this kind in Brazil, which makes ours a pioneering study. We assemble a panel-data set for the determinants of non-durable consumption growth by Brazilian states, merging the techniques and ideas in Campbell and Cocco (2007) and in Case, Quigley and Shiller (2005). With appropriate controls, and panel-data methods, we investigate whether house-price variation has a positive effect on non-durable consumption. The results show a non-negligible significant impact of the change in the price of real estate on welfare consumption), although smaller then what Campbell and Cocco have found. Our findings support the view that the channel through which house prices affect consumption is a financial one.

Estimating Brazilian Monthly GDP: a State-Space Approach

This paper has several original contributions. The first is to employ a superior interpolation method that enables to estimate, nowcast and forecast monthly Brazilian GDP for 1980-2012 in an integrated way; see Bernanke, Gertler and Watson (1997, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity). Second, along the spirit of Mariano and Murasawa (2003, Journal of Applied Econometrics), we propose and test a myriad of interpolation models and interpolation auxiliary series- all coincident with GDP from a business-cycle dating point of view. Based on these results, we finally choose the most appropriate monthly indicator for Brazilian GDP. Third, this monthly GDP estimate is compared to an economic activity indicator widely used by practitioners in Brazil - the Brazilian Economic Activity Index - (IBC-Br). We found that the our monthly GDP tracks economic activity better than IBC-Br. This happens by construction, since our state-space approach imposes the restriction (discipline) that our monthly estimate must add up to the quarterly observed series in any given quarter, which may not hold regarding IBC-Br. Moreover, our method has the advantage to be easily implemented: it only requires conditioning on two observed series for estimation, while estimating IBC-Br requires the availability of hundreds of monthly series. Third, in a nowcasting and forecasting exercise, we illustrate the advantages of our integrated approach. Finally, we compare the chronology of recessions of our monthly estimate with those done elsewhere.

On the efficiency of equal sacrifice income tax schedules

In an economy which primitives are exactly those in Mirrlees (1971), we investigate the efficiency of labor income tax schedules derived under the equal sacrifice principle. Starting from a given government revenue level, we use Werning’s (2007b) approach to assess whether there is an alternative tax schedule to the one derived under the equal sacrifice principle that raises more revenue while delivering less utility to no one. For our preferred parametrizations of the problem we find that inefficiency only arises at very high levels of income. We also show how the multipliers of the Pareto problem may be extracted from the data and used to find the implicit marginal social weights associated with each level of income.