Income inequality: the role of impatience in a job-search process

This paper investigates the income inequality generated by a jobsearch process when di§erent cohorts of homogeneous workers are allowed to have di§erent degrees of impatience. Using the fact the average wage under the invariant Markovian distribution is a decreasing function of the time preference (Cysne (2004)), I show that the Lorenz curve and the between-cohort Gini coe¢ cient of income inequality can be easily derived in this case. An example with arbitrary measures regarding the wage o§ers and the distribution of time preferences among cohorts provides some quantitative insights into how much income inequality can be generated, and into how it varies as a function of the probability of unemployment and of the probability that the worker does not Önd a job o§er each period.

Mandatory profit sharing, entrepreneurial incentives and capital accumulation

The impact of a mandatory tax on profits which is transferred to workers is analyzed in a general equilibrium entrepreneurial model. In the short run, this distortion reduces the number of firms and the aggregate output. In the long run, if capital and labor are bad substitutes, it fosters capital accumulation and increases the aggregate output. In a small open economy with free movement of capital, it improves the welfare of the economy's average individual. One concludes that the benefits of sharing schemes may go beyond the short run employment-stabilization goal focused by the profit sharing literature.

Biased managers, organizational design, and incentive provision

We model the tradeoff between the balance and the strength of incentives implicit in the choice between hierarchical and matrix organizational structures. We show that managerial biases determine which structure is optimal: hierarchical forms are preferred when biases are low, while matrix structures are preferred when biases are high.

Testing the externalities hypothesis of endogenous growth using cointegration

The initial endogenous growth models emphasized the importance of externaI effects in explaining sustainable growth across time. Empirically, this hypothesis can be confirmed if the coefficient of physical capital per hour is unity in the aggregate production function. Although cross-section results concur with theory, previous estimates using time series data rejected this hypothesis, showing a small coefficient far from unity. It seems that the problem lies not with the theory but with the techniques employed, which are unable to capture low frequency movements in high frequency data. This paper uses cointegration - a technique designed to capture the existence of long-run relationships in multivariate time series - to test the externalities hypothesis of endogenous growth. The results confirm the theory' and conform to previous cross-section estimates. We show that there is long-run proportionality between output per hour and a measure of capital per hour. U sing this result, we confmn the hypothesis that the implied Solow residual can be explained by government expenditures on infra-structure, which suggests a supply side role for government affecting productivity and a decrease on the extent that the Solow residual explains the variation of output.

A demanda de reservas bancárias no Brasil

Este trabalho tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de que a demanda de reservas bancárias no Brasil, entre períodos de movimentação, independe da taxa SELIC de juros do mercado interbancário. A evidência empírica é baseada em dados das contas de reservas bancárias dos dois grupos em que os bancos são divididos para fins de depósito compulsório no Brasil.

Efeitos de crescimento e bem-estar da Lei de parceria público-privada no Brasil

Este artigo utiliza um modelo din‚mico de equilÌbrio geral para investigar os impactos de crescimento econÙmico e bem estar associados ‡ polÌtica de parceria p˙blico-privada (PPP) no Brasil. Assume-se uma economia com capital privado e infra-estrutura p˙blica e privada e um governo que, alÈm de investir, arrecada impostos, recebe renda de seus serviÁos e transfere renda para os indivÌduos. O modelo È calibrado para a economia brasileira utilizando metodologia padr„o e buscando reproduzir os mecanismos da Lei 11.079, de dezembro de 2004, que criou a PPP no Brasil. As simulaÁıes indicam que o impacto potencial da Lei das PPPs sobre o crescimento e o bem estar È pouco signiÖcativo. No longo prazo, no melhor dos cen·rios, o produto estaria somente 5% acima de sua tendÍncia atual. Se associada a uma polÌtica de investimento p˙blico Önanciado com reduÁ„o de gastos correntes, o impacto poderia ser muito mais relevante. Entretanto, a reduÁ„o tempor·ria das transferÍncias - que Öcariam, na melhor das hipóteses, atÈ 18 anos abaixo da tendÍncia atual - conÖgura-se como um sÈrio impedimento polÌtico para este tipo de polÌtica.

Capital structure choice of foreign subsidiaries: evidence from multinationals in Brazil

Is the capital structure choice of a foreign subsidiary different from the choice of a comparable company controlled by nationals? If so, what are the differences? In this paper we shed some light on these questions by looking at a sample of foreign subsidiaries in Brazil over the period 1985 to 1994. We find that the foreign subsidiaries in our sample are more levered than their Brazilian counterparts. This difference, however, has declined over time. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that foreign subsidiaries increase leverage as a hedge against an expropriation of assets in a nationalization process.

Indicadores coincidentes de atividade econômica e uma cronologia de recessões para o Brasil

Esse trabalho discute 3 índices alternativos de atividade econômica para o Brasil e, a partir dos mesmos, busca estabelecer uma cronologia de recessões para o passado recente da economia brasileira. Isso é feito incorporando à nossa pesquisa parte da experiência americana de quase um século de pesquisas sobre ciclos de negócios - da NBER e do TeB. Decidiu-se considerar aqui uma gama de possíveis indicadores coincidentes e antecedentes - uns baseados em métodos heurísticos e outros baseados em sofisticadas técnicas estatístico-econométricas - de forma a poder comparar seus resultados vis-à-vis a nossa pouca experiência de cronologia de recessões. Além disso, houve um grande esforço de construção de séries coincidentes à atividade econômica, pois nem todas estavam disponíveis na abrangência e extensão necessárias. A partir dos resultados de uma bateria de testes estatísticos, e também levando em conta a simplicidade de cálculo, concluímos por sugerir que o índice brasileiro deva seguir a metodologia do TeE.

Abstract types and distributions in independent private value auctions

In this note, in an independent private values auction framework, I discuss the relationship between the set of types and the distribution of types. I show that any set of types, finite dimensional or not, can be extended to a larger set of types preserving incentive compatibility constraints, expected revenue and bidder’s expected utilities. Thus for example we may convexify a set of types making our model amenable to the large body of theory in economics and mathematics that relies on convexity assumptions. An interesting application of this extension procedure is to show that although revenue equivalence is not valid in general if the set of types is not convex these mechanism have underlying distinct allocation mechanism in the extension. Thus we recover in these situations the revenue equivalence.