Linguística? Que é isso?

Experiente na missão de fazer da Linguística um objeto de estudo atraente e acessível, José Luiz Fiorin põe à disposição dos interessados – sejam alunos de Letras, estudantes de áreas afins e curiosos em geral – um novo e atualizado manual de introdução aos estudos de linguagem. E, como sempre, com a preocupação em suscitar prazer na imersão nos conceitos fundamentais de uma ciência que se desenvolveu e se ramificou, sobretudo, no século XX. Com Linguística? Que é isso?, lançado no país em maio passado pela editora Contexto, Fiorin – e quatro professores articulistas – recupera questões já abordadas em manuais anteriores, em especial nos dois volumes de Introdução à Linguística1 (organizados por Fiorin, da mesma editora), e propõe uma divisão precisa das principais noções e correntes linguísticas que ganharam luz e forma a partir das escolas histórico-comparativas, na segunda metade do século XIX. Tradição da qual parte para fazer a expansão da Linguística e apresentá-la por intermédio de cinco grandes objetos científicos: a língua, a competência, a variação, a mudança e o uso.

Um sistema de metas como ferramenta de gestão pública: "O Programa de Metas da Cidade de São Paulo 2013-2016" sob a perspectiva de seus implementadores

This work, developed within the Master's Degree Program in Public Administration and Government of Eaesp-FGV, consists of an exploratory study on performance measurement in the public sector. It is focused on the identification of complexity elements embedded in the implementation of public policies, to which the goals and targets of a target-oriented system relate, and especially on the implementation of this system as a management tool itself, from the case study of the then ongoing "Programa de Metas da Cidade de São Paulo 2013-2016". All information was obtained from municipal managers, in Government Departments responsible for strategic support activities to the implementation of the system, and sectoral Government Departments whose scope also included crosscutting actions, through interviews conducted from a starting question, and then followed by the free talk of the respondents. Through discourse analysis, an assortment of information was conducted, concerning to: 1) the impacts on management, articulation, and governance of the use of performance measurement and result-oriented management; 2) the flow and publicity of information on performance, produced within the monitoring process of this given target-oriented system, and also concerning the use given to this information; 3) the recording and register of experiences and learning related to the Programa de Metas, and its potential to result as a legacy for the public administrative structure of the City of São Paulo. Assuming that the stories managers tell, in this field of Applied Social Sciences, are as valid as Science or the theoretical constructs on the subject, all information gathered from the point of view of the interviewed public officials was segmented and problematized under the light of the literature on performance measurement. The main objective of this research is to contribute to the creation of parameters for qualitative analysis of the information generated in the implementation of a target-oriented system in Public Management at the local level. It is, from then on, expected that these parameters may help managers and researchers on the monitoring and evaluation of performance of a given government, by favoring the translation of merely arithmetic data on percentage of fulfillment of specific commitments, into eloquent elements more enabled to express the evolution of a mandate. Keywords: result-oriented system, Programa de Metas, management for results, performance measurement, government planning, public policy evaluation, monitoring, implementation, transparency, information legacy.