371 resultados para Mercado financeiro- Modelos matemáticos
Resumo:
Esta tese é composta por três ensaios que investigam os impactos das fricções no mercado financeiro sobre a transmissão da política monetária. Cada ensaio forma um capítulo da tese. O primeiro capítulo utiliza a posição financeira dos bancos brasileiros em títulos indexados à taxa de juros para testar o canal dos empréstimos bancários para a política de juros no Brasil. O segundo investiga o impacto do nível de atividade regional relativamente ao nível de atividade total sobre o valor esperado de revenda dos ativos utilizados como colateral nos contratos de empréstimos. O terceiro examina como eventuais mudanças nos preços relativos entre bens domésticos e importados podem auxiliar os bancos centrais no combate a inflação, e se diferentes graus de abertura comercial alteram a transmissão da política monetária.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa qualitativa tem por objetivo avaliar como as empresas não-financeiras brasileiras utilizam os chamados instrumentos derivativos ou contratos derivativos. Entende-se por empresas não-financeiras aquelas que não apresentam como negócio principal a atividade de intermediação financeira. Esta pesquisa é baseada em um estudo que vem sendo desenvolvida periodicamente pela Wharton School e incorpora diversas adaptações visando maior adequação às características específicas do mercado financeiro brasileiro. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foram enviados questionários para os responsáveis pelo departamento financeiro de empresas não-financeiras que atuam no Brasil com o objetivo de identificar motivos que os levam a negociar ou não os contratos derivativos na gestão financeira das empresas. Além disso, buscou-se também investigar os resultados esperados pelas empresas com o uso destes instrumentos, os procedimentos de controle e acompanhamento das operações com derivativos e as formas de avaliação de preço e de resultados.
Resumo:
O trabalho está centrado no estudo do conflito existente entre teoria e prática no que concerne à relação existente entre valor de mercado de uma ação e seu valor patrimonial. Estudos de correlação, causalidade e evolução foram levados a efeito sobre séries de valores de 35 ações. Os resultados indicam que o valor patrimonial é um importante indicador da performance futura da ação.
Resumo:
O trabalho mostra a relação existente entre o coeficiente Valor de Mercado / Valor Contábil e retorno para uma amostra de ações negociadas na BOVESPA no período 1989-1997. Os resultados indicam claramente que foi possível estabelecer uma estratégia baseada na construção de carteiras com ações com coeficientes altos resultando na obtenção de altos retornos sem elevação do risco do investimento.
Resumo:
A redução dos índices de inflação introduzida no Brasil pelo Plano Real trouxe alterações nos mais diferentes aspectos da vida econômica do país. Este trabalho visa analisar as principais alterações provocadas nos mercados de ações, analisando os impactos na Bovespa - Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Para tal foram analisadas as principais variáveis e medidas estatísticas que descrevem a Bovespa, como, por exemplo, a volatilidade e risco sistemático, nos períodos de quatro anos anteriores e posteriores ao início do Plano Real. De forma a separar os efeitos causados pelo Plano Real de outros de extensão global, utilizamos séries de controles baseadas em índices de bolsas da América Latina e de mercados centrais. Os resultados das análises realizadas indicam que houve uma redução da volatilidade no período pós-real em relação ao pré-real, o risco sistemático dos ativos brasileiros não se alterou, e o Ibovespa tornou-se menos eficiente em comparação com uma carteira formada pelos índices dos mercados centrais.
Resumo:
This work aims to identify the impacts brought about by legislation alterations regarding assets allocation by Pension Funds Companies. Focused on that, this work carried on a detailed review on the existing literature concerning Modern Portfolio Theory, Pension Funds Investment Strategies and on Brazilian Legislation for Financial Market and Pension Funds. On a second moment, the work identified asset allocation differences when comparing national financial market players and the data released by the official Social Security Secretary - SPC - regarding the 35 Pension Funds analyzed. In accordance with what the literature indicates, the work also reveals that Pension Funds pursue asset allocation policies different than those adopted by other market players due to the Fund¿s long term investment characteristics. No major impacts were identified on the legislation issued by the National Monetary Council ¿ CMN - in what it concerns asset allocation and impacts were only identified on the legislation regarding - CPMF - taxes on financial operations - which led Pension Funds to allocate expressive part of their assets on investment funds.
Resumo:
This work aims to identify the impacts brought about by legislation alterations regarding assets allocation by Pension Funds Companies. Focused on that, this work carried on a detailed review on the existing literature concerning Modern Portfolio Theory, Pension Funds Investment Strategies and on Brazilian Legislation for Financial Market and Pension Funds. On a second moment, the work identified asset allocation differences when comparing national financial market players and the data released by the official Social Security Secretary ¿ SPC ¿ regarding the 35 Pension Funds analyzed. In accordance with what the literature indicates, the work also reveals that Pension Funds pursue asset allocation policies different than those adopted by other market players due to the Fund¿s long term investment characteristics. No major impacts were identified on the legislation issued by the National Monetary Council ¿ CMN - in what it concerns asset allocation and impacts were only identified on the legislation regarding ¿CPMF¿ ¿ taxes on financial operations ¿ which led Pension Funds to allocate expressive part of their assets on investment funds
Resumo:
The aim of this study is to investigate, under the perspective of the investor, the determinant factors for the success of the stock brokerage process over the Web, through financial portals in the Brazilian Internet. This study is based on a theoretical framework which shows the evolution of the electronic commerce all over the world, and, specially, in Brazil; analyses the role of intermediation, desintermediation and reintermediation in the electronic commerce; stresses the differences between the traditional stocks brokerage process and the one made possible by the Internet; and, finally, describes the profile of the investors which operates their investments in the financial markets over the Web.The conclusions of this study are obtained based on a field study, conducted with Brazilian investors that operate using Internet based financial portals for the intermediation of their stock operations. The findings obtained where analyzed under the perspective brought by the theoretical reference framework, and, based on this approach, the critical aspects for the success of stock brokerage over the Internet, under the vision of the investor, could be deducted and discussed.
Resumo:
NEVES, Hélio Ramiro Marques. Os fluxos internacionais de capitais para investimentos em portfólio no mercado financeiro doméstico: uma análise do caso brasileiro de 1994 a 2000. 2004. f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Gestão Empresarial) ¿ Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, 2000. This paper analyses the effect of International capital flows and their behavior for emergent countries, focused in Brazilian financial market. It considers that capital flows had dramatically increased, however their impact, proposals on changes in international market and capital controls has not been clear. Considering capital flows In comparison to portfolio investments and to direct investments, this paper, also aims to discuss and highlight questions whether the concepts that capital flows generally associated to portfolio investments are frequently connected with incidence of crises meanwhile the second have been associated with growth in some countries.
Resumo:
The Rational Agent model have been a foundational basis for theoretical models such as Economics, Management Science, Artificial Intelligence and Game Theory, mainly by the ¿maximization under constraints¿ principle, e.g. the ¿Expected Utility Models¿, among them, the Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) Theory, from Savage, placed as most influence player over theoretical models we¿ve seen nowadays, even though many other developments have been done, indeed also in non-expected utility theories field. Having the ¿full rationality¿ assumption, going for a less idealistic sight ¿bounded rationality¿ of Simon, or for classical anomalies studies, such as the ¿heuristics and bias¿ analysis by Kahneman e Tversky, ¿Prospect Theory¿ also by Kahneman & Tversky, or Thaler¿s Anomalies, and many others, what we can see now is that Rational Agent Model is a ¿Management by Exceptions¿ example, as for each new anomalies¿s presentation, in sequence, a ¿problem solving¿ development is needed. This work is a theoretical essay, which tries to understand: 1) The rational model as a ¿set of exceptions¿; 2) The actual situation unfeasibility, since once an anomalie is identified, we need it¿s specific solution developed, and since the number of anomalies increases every year, making strongly difficult to manage rational model; 3) That behaviors judged as ¿irrationals¿ or deviated, by the Rational Model, are truly not; 4) That¿s the right moment to emerge a Theory including mental processes used in decision making; and 5) The presentation of an alternative model, based on some cognitive and experimental psychology analysis, such as conscious and uncounscious processes, cognition, intuition, analogy-making, abstract roles, and others. Finally, we present conclusions and future research, that claims for deeper studies in this work¿s themes, for mathematical modelling, and studies about a rational analysis and cognitive models possible integration. .
Resumo:
The Information Technology (IT) is a concept which has gained importance for organizations. It is expected that the strategic use of IT not only sustain the business operations of enterprises, but mainly leverage the initiative of new competitive strategies. However, these expectations on the earnings with the IT not have been achieved and questions arise about the return of the investments in IT. One of the causes is credited to the lack of alignment between the strategies of business and IT. The search of strategic alignment between IT and business takes to the necessity of measure it. This assessment can help identify whether the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, about the strategic alignment of IT, are similar or different. The objective of this work is to investigate the perceptions of business executives and IT executives in relation to the IT strategic alignment implemented in a selected organization. It was conducted a case study, in a company that provides services to the financial market. As a result, this work identified that there is no statistically significant difference between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, related to the level of IT strategic alignment maturity implemented in the organization, and highlighted factors that promote this alignment: (a) senior management supports the IT (b) IT takes part of strategic planning, (c) IT understands the business of the company, and (d) there is a partnership between business and IT executives. Additionally, it was proposed that these similar perceptions result from the sharing of assumptions, knowledge and common expectations for the IT strategic alignment between the two groups of executives interviewed, and that led the company to achieve a higher level of IT strategic alignment. Each Practice of Strategic Alignment was examined separately. Although not have statistically significant differences between the perceptions of business executives and IT executives, the practices of Communication, Measures of Value and Competence, and Skills were better assessed by business executives and the practices of Governance and Partnerships have been better perceived by IT executives. The practice of Scope and Architecture and the IT Strategic Alignment, showed no differences in perceptions between the two groups of executives.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho teve por objeto o estudo das possíveis relações de casualidade entre o público total em 87 filmes brasileiros, lançados em salas de exibição no Brasil durante o período entre 2001-2003 e um conjunto de quatorze variáveis, disponíveis em dois momentos distintos: antes e depois do lançamento do filme. A partir do trabalho de dois pesquisadores norte-americanos, Simonoff e Sparrow (2000), foram ampliados os esteios teóricos que deram sustentação ao experimento desenvolvido pelo autor. A validação das variáveis aplicáveis ao estudo brasileiro, bem como a identificação de novas, foram resultantes de entrevistas em profundidade a partir de um questionário semi-estruturado, realizadas com profissionais do setor audiovisual. A pesquisa de campo baseou-se em fontes secundárias de reconhecida fidedignidade e a análise resultou na identificação de correlações entre algumas das variáveis utilizadas no experimento e na formulação de um modelo matemático compatível com a predição de público, nas condições encontradas no período de 2001 a 2003, que corroborou a suposição inicial de que é possível, com certo grau de confiança, antecipar tendências quanto ao número de expectadores de filmes brasileiros no circuito exibidor do Brasil.
Resumo:
With the globalization of the economy and the growing participation of several world investors in financial markets, combining the political, economical and social differences of each country, the varying Accounting Statements based on principles, standards, procedures or idiosyncratic accounting patterns become inadequate to provide comprehensible and useful financial information to the users at international level. Considering a country¿s conditions, peculiarities and the stage of development, the need to promote the convergence of the effective accounting practices in the public sector with the emerging international accounting standards is imperative as the public entities endeavor to provide transparent and comparable accounting information that can be understood by financial analysts, investors, auditors and other users, independent of their origin and location. Consequently, the objective of this research was described through the following questions: Which are the main differences between the international and local accounting norms applicable to the public sector in Brazil? Which are the main differences between the applicable international accounting norms and the practices adopted by the Brazilian public sector? And, which are the main differences between the practices adopted by the entities of the Brazilian public sector and the practices adopted by entities of the public sector of countries that formally follow the international accounting norms? The methodology adopted in this research was the one of comparative analysis between standards and practices. To provide a basis for the comparative analysis, the Brazilian standards were used for the public sector and the international standards were identified by consulting with the main international accounting committees. In the comparative analyses of norms adopted in national accounting statements the financial accounting statements of the Municipal districts of Rio de Janeiro and of São Paulo were used, and compared with the international accounting statements of New Zealand. The results of these comparative analyses provide important conclusions about the convergence and harmonization processes in accounting norms and practices for the public sector mainly as they demonstrate some of the conflicts among the recent efforts to base and harmonize accounting practices in the near future, but today significant differences remain between the norms and practices. It was also noticed that, in practice, the divergence in Brazilian accounting practices from the international standards are accentuated by the recognition of the registrations of the budgetary execution in the patrimonial accounting; and, the comparison with the practices adopted by New Zealand demonstrated that the foreign country¿s advances towards harmonizing its standards to the international norms and practices in such an important way that New Zealand independently overcomes the minimum exigencies of harmonization, which in practice, is more complete than the practices currently adopted in Brazil.
Resumo:
A área de fundos de investimento tem crescido no Brasil nos últimos 7 anos. Movimento semelhante tem sido observado no percentual destinado a fundos de ações. Parte deste movimento pode ser creditado à entrada de atores sem familiaridade com o universo financeiro, mas que vislumbram neste segmento uma oportunidade para investir seu dinheiro. O desconhecimento do funcionamento do universo financeiro leva o novo investidor a eleger critérios para seleção de onde alocar os seus recursos, já que se espera que um gestor profissional faça as melhores escolhas. Segundo Chevalier & Ellison (1999), a imprensa financeira produz um grande volume e variedade de informação sobre as pessoas que gerenciam esses fundos, mas pouco se fala de seus antecedentes educacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se o desempenho dos fundos de ações esta relacionado com as características dos gestores desses fundos. Em particular, se estudou a relação entre o desempenho dos fundos e a formação dos gestores, a qualidade das escolas em que cursaram, bem como o fato de possuírem pós-graduação Lato Sensu ou Stricto Sensu, além da idade e seu “tempo de experiência” no mercado financeiro. Utilizamos como base os dados coletados pelo sistema QUANTUN AXIS (Quantun Avaliação de Fundos de Investimento), tendo como referência o período de setembro/2007 a 2008. Consultamos currículos dos 81 gestores da amostra por meio de buscas aos sites das empresas administradoras, consulta por telefone aos gestores, e currículos via difusores de informação como o Bloomberg. Foram então realizadas as análises Cross-Section. Para tal, foi utilizada uma corrente de investigação que analisou o impacto dos antecedentes educacionais dos gestores de fundos sobre os resultados dos mesmos nos EUA, destacando os trabalhos de Golec (1996), Chevalier & Ellison (1999) e Gottesman & Morey (2006). O resultado deste trabalho sugere que existe diferença na análise cross-sectional entre o desempenho dos fundos de ações no Brasil e a qualidade do curso de graduação do gestor. Futuras pesquisas poderiam, utilizando a mesma amostra de gestores, acompanhar a evolução dos dados do currículo em comparação ao desempenho dos fundos administrados em uma perspectiva temporal utilizando dados de painel.