After the demise of neoliberalism but not of conservatism, a third developmentalism?

Neoliberalism and developmentalism are the two alternative forms of economic and political organization of capitalism. Since the 2008 global financial crisis we see the demise of neoliberalism in rich countries, as state intervention and regulation increased, opening room for a third historical developmentalism (the first was mercantilism, the second, Fordism). Not only because of major market failures, not only because the market is definitely unable to assure financial stability and full employment, an active macroeconomic policy is being required. Modern economies are divided into a competitive and a non-competitive sector; for the coordination of the competitive sector the market is irreplaceable and regulation as well as strategic industrial policy will be pragmatically adopted following the subsidiarity principle, whereas for the non-competitive sector, state coordination and some state ownership are usually more efficient. Besides, the fact that capitalist economies are increasingly diversified and complex is an argument against the two extremes – against statism as well as neoliberalism – in so far that they require market coordination combined with increased regulation. But the third developmentalism probably will not be progressive as was the second, because the social-democratic political parties are disoriented. They won the battle for the welfare state, which neoliberalism was unable to dismantle, but the competition of low wage developing countries and immigration continue to offer arguments to conservative political parties that defend the reduction of the cost of labor contracts or the or precarization of labor.

Uma questão de transparência

Uma das poucas boas evidências que as crises políticas e econômicas recentes têm trazido é a de que as instituições públicas brasileiras alcançaram um grau de maturidade democrática de improvável reversão. Independentemente das soluções a que se chegue na crise atual, nada indica que passem pela supressão da legitimidade do voto, o acobertamento de poderosos ou a distorção das instituições representativas – temos aí a constatação de uma conquista inestimável da democracia brasileira.

Duros Desafios à Frente

Fundação Getulio Vargas. Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia

Exogenous shocks and misattribution of responsibility for economic performance: results from survey experiments

Recent models of economic voting assume that citizens can discount exogenous factors when assessing government's economic performance. Yet there is evidence that Latin American voters do not behave in such way, and attribute to presidents outcomes that are beyond their control. This paper presents three survey experiments designed to explore mechanisms that could potentially correct such misattribution, and therefore contribute to debiasing individual behavior towards government evaluation. Our results provide individual-level evidence of the misattribution found in aggregate studies of electorate behavior, and reinforce psychologist's skepticism towards prospects of mental decontamination, as we found very scant evidence that providing information, raising awareness, or increasing motivation to correct biases infuenced individual's evaluation of president's performance.

A trajédia do Cruzado: do congelamento à ameaça de hiperinflação, dia após dia, nas páginas da Folha de S. Paulo

Reúne textos da redação e editoriais do jornal Folha de São Paulo, além de artigos de renomados economistas a respeito do Plano Cruzado. É exposta a situação da economia brasileira em 1985, onde é tratado aspectos referentes a inflação inercial e estratégias para combatê-la. Textos avaliam as medidas implementadas em 1986 com destaque para a polêmica sobre os salário. A questão fiscal e as emissões de moeda são abordadas em várias passagens como os nós da economia. A necessidade de ajustes e o esgotamento do política econômica e a discussão a respeito de um novo choque com o fim do Cruzado são abordados.

Como o Brasil conseguiu atender às demandas do mercado financeiro e da sociedade

Pesquisa em foco: Democracia, arenas decisórias e política econômica no governo Lula - 2011. Pesquisadores: Maria Rita Loureiro, Fábio Pereira dos Santos e Alexandre de Ávila Gomide