A representação de música brasileira nos livros didáticos de música

O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar de que forma a música brasileira é representada nos livros didáticos de música direcionados para a escola do Ensino Básico e produzidos no Brasil nas décadas de 60 e 70. A escolha desse período é justificada por ser nessas décadas que a música brasileira é apresentada como conteúdo nos livros didáticos de forma mais acentuada do que em outros períodos. Tendo como referencial teórico-metodológico o conceito de representação de R. Chartier, o estudo procurou abarcar as concepções explícitas e implícitas, relativo a idéias, valores e intenções que perpassam nos textos e imagens, permitindo compreender o porquê de certas escolhas referentes a determinados conteúdos, em detrimento de outros, da forma como são abordados nos livros didáticos, bem como identificar os cânones eleitos para representar estilos, gêneros musicais, compositores, obras e épocas da música brasileira.

Using an animated pedagogical agent to interact affectively with the student

This work proposes an animated pedagogical agent that has the role of providing emotional support to the student: motivating and encouraging him, making him believe in his self-ability, and promoting a positive mood in him, which fosters learning. This careful support of the agent, its affective tactics, is expressed through emotional behaviour and encouragement messages of the lifelike character. Due to human social tendency of anthropomorphising software, we believe that a software agent can accomplish this affective role. In order to choose the adequate affective tactics, the agent should also know the student’s emotions. The proposed agent recognises the student’s emotions: joy/distress, satisfaction/disappointment, anger/gratitude, and shame, from the student’s observable behaviour, i. e. his actions in the interface of the educational system. The inference of emotions is psychologically grounded on the cognitive theory of emotions. More specifically, we use the OCC model which is based on the cognitive approach of emotion and can be computationally implemented. Due to the dynamic nature of the student’s affective information, we adopted a BDI approach to implement the affective user model and the affective diagnosis. Besides, in our work we profit from the reasoning capacity of the BDI approach in order for the agent to deduce the student’s appraisal, which allows it to infer the student’s emotions. As a case study, the proposed agent is implemented as the Mediating Agent of MACES: an educational collaborative environment modelled as a multi-agent system and pedagogically based on the sociocultural theory of Vygotsky.