An assessment of criteria to evaluate the graduate education program in Brazil

This study sought to identify criteria adequate for the evaluation of graduate programs in Brazil. A survey was the means for collecting the ratings and rankings given by faculty members at selected Brazilian graduate programs. A questionnaire using Likerttype and ranking items asked the importance attributed by each respondent to each of the 109 items listed. The data analysis reported in this dissertation indicates that the most highly rated criteria and indicators were: (1) Library: current periodicals; (2) Facilities: classrooms and laboratories; (3) Library: books and monographs; (4) Academic Environment: discussion, investigation, and expression; and (5) Facilities: research space and equipment. The study presents the means and standard deviations obtained for each indicator and also includes some figures obtained for a relational analysis. This dissertation was developed to provide useful information to educational planners, policy makers, administrators, and evaluators involved in Brazilian higher education or comparative studies. It is suggested that additional investigations concentrate on more specific and in-depth analysis and interpretation of the policymaking processes, i.e., on the study of social facts or organizational and academic variables in their relationships with aspects of the educational system. The appendices section includes a facsimile of the questionnaire and additional data.

Modelagem e implementação da interface para apresentação de comportamentos animados e emotivos de um agente pedagógico animado

A popularização da Internet e o crescimento da educação à distância tornaram possível a criação de softwares e cursos à distância, disponíveis na WWW. Atualmente, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) vem sendo utilizada para aumentar a capacidade de ambientes de educação à distância, diminuindo a desistência pela falta de estímulos externos e de interação entre colegas e professores. Este trabalho encontra-se inserido no ambiente colaborativo suportado por computador, definido no projeto “Uma Proposta de Modelo Computacional de Aprendizagem à Distância Baseada na Concepção Sócio-Interacionista de Vygotsky” chamado MACES (Multiagent Architecture for an Collaborative Educational System). Sua principal proposta, como parte do projeto do grupo, é desenvolver e implementar a interface animada do personagem para os agentes pedagógicos animados Colaborativo e Mediador que operam no ambiente de aprendizado colaborativo proposto pelo grupo. O personagem desenvolvido chama-se PAT (Pedagogical and Affective Tutor). A interface do personagem foi desenvolvida em Java, JavaScript e usa o Microsoft Agent para a movimentação. O Resin 2.1.6 (semelhante ao Tomcat que também foi usado de teste) é o compilador de servlet usado na execução de Java Servlet’s e tecnologias jsp – que monta páginas HTML dinamicamente. Esta montagem é feita no servidor e enviada para o browser do usuário. Para definir a aparência do personagem foram feitas entrevistas com pedagogas, psicólogas, psicopedagogas e idéias tiradas de entrevistas informais com profissionais que trabalham com desenho industrial, propaganda, cartoon e desenho animado. A PAT faz parte da interface do MACES e promove a comunicação entre esse ambiente e o usuário. Portanto, acredita-se que a PAT e os recursos da Inteligência artificial poderão aumentar a capacidade de ambientes de educação à distância, tornando-os mais agradáveis, assim como diminuir a desistência pela falta de estímulos externos e de interação com colegas e professores.

Using an animated pedagogical agent to interact affectively with the student

This work proposes an animated pedagogical agent that has the role of providing emotional support to the student: motivating and encouraging him, making him believe in his self-ability, and promoting a positive mood in him, which fosters learning. This careful support of the agent, its affective tactics, is expressed through emotional behaviour and encouragement messages of the lifelike character. Due to human social tendency of anthropomorphising software, we believe that a software agent can accomplish this affective role. In order to choose the adequate affective tactics, the agent should also know the student’s emotions. The proposed agent recognises the student’s emotions: joy/distress, satisfaction/disappointment, anger/gratitude, and shame, from the student’s observable behaviour, i. e. his actions in the interface of the educational system. The inference of emotions is psychologically grounded on the cognitive theory of emotions. More specifically, we use the OCC model which is based on the cognitive approach of emotion and can be computationally implemented. Due to the dynamic nature of the student’s affective information, we adopted a BDI approach to implement the affective user model and the affective diagnosis. Besides, in our work we profit from the reasoning capacity of the BDI approach in order for the agent to deduce the student’s appraisal, which allows it to infer the student’s emotions. As a case study, the proposed agent is implemented as the Mediating Agent of MACES: an educational collaborative environment modelled as a multi-agent system and pedagogically based on the sociocultural theory of Vygotsky.