Doing the counter-regulation shuffle: the importance of flexibility and hunger for predicting food consumption following a preload

Objectives
This study utilised the preload paradigm to evaluate whether trait-like dieting attitudes and behaviours (dietary restraint and flexibility in dieting rules) and context-specific factors (negative mood and hunger) predict food consumption among male and female participants.
Methods
Following a high calorie preload, 79 participants aged 18–40 completed a deceptive taste test in which they were encouraged to eat as much of the taste test foods as desired, and this ad libitum intake was measured.
Results
Although each predictor (except negative mood) predicted consumption when tested individually, regression analyses revealed that dieting flexibility and current hunger were the strongest unique predictors of intake. Mood failed to directly predict food consumption, nor did it moderate the relationship between restraint and food intake.ConclusionCollectively, findings suggest that emphasis on dietary restraint in preload studies may be misplaced, as other proximal and stable factors may better predict food consumption.

The effect of high yttrium solute concentration on the twinning behaviour of magnesium alloys

The deformation behaviour of two single phase binary alloys, Mg-5Y and Mg-10Y, have been examined. In compression, two twin types were observed, the common {101¯2} twin as well as the less common {112¯1} extension twin. It is shown that the {112¯1} twin is much less sensitive to solute concentration than the {101¯2} twin, and it is suggested that the simple atomic shuffle of the {112¯1} twin reduces the solute strengthening imparted by Y additions. The common {101¯2} twin showed significant hardening as a result of alloying with Y. An analysis of solute behaviour has indicated that of the four chemical parameters investigated, i.e. atomic size, shear modulus, electronegativity and solute distribution, it appears to be the larger atomic radius of Y compared to Mg that increases the stress required to activate the {101¯2} twin. It is suggested that the large atomic radius inhibits the atomic shuffling process which accompanies the twinning shear in this twin type.

Aggregation on the fly: Reducing traffic for big data in the cloud

As a leading framework for processing and analyzing big data, MapReduce is leveraged by many enterprises to parallelize their data processing on distributed computing systems. Unfortunately, the all-to-all data forwarding from map tasks to reduce tasks in the traditional MapReduce framework would generate a large amount of network traffic. The fact that the intermediate data generated by map tasks can be combined with significant traffic reduction in many applications motivates us to propose a data aggregation scheme for MapReduce jobs in cloud. Specifically, we design an aggregation architecture under the existing MapReduce framework with the objective of minimizing the data traffic during the shuffle phase, in which aggregators can reside anywhere in the cloud. Some experimental results also show that our proposal outperforms existing work by reducing the network traffic significantly.

Correlation of throwing velocity to the results of lower-body field tests in male college baseball players

Baseball-specific athleticism, potential, and performance have been difficult to predict. Increased muscle strength and power can increase throwing velocity but the majority of research has focused on the upper body. The present study sought to determine if bilateral or unilateral lower-body field testing correlates with throwing velocity. Baseball throwing velocity scores were correlated to the following tests: medicine ball (MB) scoop toss and squat throw, bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps, single and triple broad jumps, hop and stop in both directions, lateral to medial jumps, 10- and 60-yd sprints, and both left and right single-leg 10-yd hop for speed in 42 college baseball players. A multiple regression analysis (forward method), assessing the relationship between shuffle and stretch throwing velocities and lower-body field test results determined that right-handed throwing velocity from the stretch position was most strongly predicted by lateral to medial jump right (LMJR) and body weight (BW; R = 0.322), whereas lateral to medial jump left (LMJL; R = 0.688) predicted left stretch throw. Right-handed shuffle throw was most strongly predicted by LMJR and MB scoop (R = 0.338), whereas LMJL, BW, and LMJR all contributed to left-handed shuffle throw (R = 0.982). Overall, this study found that lateral to medial jumps were consistently correlated with high throwing velocity in each of the throwing techniques, in both left-handed and right-handed throwers. This is the first study to correlate throwing velocity with a unilateral jump in the frontal plane, mimicking the action of the throwing stride.