Enhanced RFID mutual authentication scheme based on shared secret information

RFID is a revolutionary remote technology which has many useful implications. Large scale implementation of RFID is seeking 100% information privacy and untraceability, for users and organizations, which is suitable for low cost RFID tag (Class1). To protect users and organization we are proposing an enhanced RFID mutual authentication scheme. In this protocol we use authentication based on shared unique parameters as a method to protect privacy. This protocol will be capable of handling forward and backward security, rouge reader better than existing protocols. In our new scheme we involved RFID reader’s hardware ID in addition to other shared secret information which uses hash to protect users and industries privacy. Moreover, we used LAMED as our PRNG (Pseudorandom Number Generator) which is faster and take less computational power.

Vitamin C and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether low maternal dietary intake of vitamin C and low maternal plasma ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS: Cases were 67 women with GDM meeting National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Controls were 260 women without such a diagnosis. Maternal dietary vitamin C consumption during the periconceptional period and during pregnancy was assessed using a 121-item, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Maternal plasma AA concentrations were determined using automated enzymatic procedures on specimens collected during the intrapartum period.
RESULTS: Mean maternal daily consumption of vitamin C and plasma AA concentrations were 10% and 31% lower, respectively, among GDM cases as compared with controls (130.7 +/- 10.2 vs. 145 +/- 4.9 mg/d, P = .190; 36 +/- 2.0 vs. 53 +/- 1.0 micromol/L, P <.001). After controlling for maternal age, race, prepregnancy adiposity, family history of type 2 diabetes, energy intake and income, women reporting low daily vitamin C intake (< 70 mg/d), as compared with the other women, experienced a 3.7-fold increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-8.2). There was a linear relation in risk of GDM with decreasing concentrations of plasma AA (P for linear trend <.001). After adjusting for confounders, women in the lowest quartile (< 42.6 micromol/L), as compared with women in the highest quartile (> 63.3 micromol/L), experienced > 12-fold increased risk of GDM (OR = 12.8, 95% CI 3.5-46.2). CONCLUSION: Low maternal dietary vitamin C intake and low plasma AA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of GDM. Large, prospective, cohort studies are needed to further evaluate the potential beneficial role of vitamin C and other antioxidants in the prevention of impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy.