Experimental study on effect of loading rate on mode I delamination of z-pin reinforced laminates

This paper presents an experimental investigation on mode I delamination of z-pinned double-cantilever-beams (DCB) and associate z-pin bridging mechanisms. Tests were performed with three types of samples: big-pin with an areal density of 2%, small-pin with an areal density of 2% and small-pin with an areal density of 0.5%. The loading rates for each type of samples were set at 1 mm/min and 100 mm/min. Comparison of fracture load under different loading rates shows the rate effects on delamination crack opening and delamination growth. Optical micrographs of z-pins after pullout were also presented to identify the bridging mechanisms of z-pins under different loading rates.

Room-temperature insertion of elemental tellurium into the Cspł-Br and -I bonds of α-bromo-and α-iodopinacolone

Pinacolyltellurium(IV) dihalides, (t-BuCOCH₂)₂TeX₂ (X ) Br (1b), I (1c)) and Ar(t-BuCOCH₂)TeCl₂ (Ar == 1-C₁₀H₇ (Np) (2a), 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂ (Mes) (3a)), are readily prepared at room temperature by the oxidative insertion of elemental tellurium into the C_sp³-Br or -I bond of the α-halopinacolone and by the reaction of ArTeCl₃ with the pinacolone t-BuCOCH₃. The bromides Np(t-BuCOCH₂)TeBr₂ (2b) and Mes(t-BuCOCH₂)TeBr₂ (3b) can be prepared by the addition of bromine to the telluride Ar(t-BuCOCH₂)-Te or of α-bromopinacolone to ArTeBr. Variable-temperature ¹H and ¹³C NMR of the separate signals for the o-Me groups in 3a,b indicate a very high barrier to rotation about the Te-C(aryl) bond. Crystal diffraction data for 1c, 2a-c, and 3b show that intramolecular 1,4-Te …O(C) secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) are retained even in the presence of bulky aryl groups and intermolecular Te …X SBIs are subject to electronic population and steric congestion around the Te(IV) center in the solid state.

Patient safety ethics and human error management in ED contexts part I : development of the global patient safety movement

In recent years there has been increasing recognition internationally that health care is not as safe as it ought to be and that patient safety outcomes need to be improved. To this end patient safety has become the focus of a world-wide endeavour aimed at reducing the incidence and impact of preventable human errors and related adverse events in health care domains. The emergency department has been identified as a significant site of preventable human errors and adverse events in the health care system, raising important questions about the nature of human error management and patient safety ethics in rapidly changing environments. In this article (the first of a two-part discussion on the subject) an overview of the incidence and impact of preventable adverse events in ED contexts is explored. The development of a ‘culture of safety’ in other hazardous industries and the ‘lessons learned’ and applied to the health care industry are also briefly examined. In a second article (to be presented as Part II), some of the ethical tensions that have arisen in the context of implementing patient safety processes and their possible implications for ED contexts are explored.

Ambient music with orchestral percussion (I dream of Jean-Michele)

I Dream of Jean-Michele is a non-lyrical instrumental piece that harks back to the 1980s ambient scene. A good piece for digital projects that are ambient, or require the space in synthesizer styled music from the 1980s.

π-Selective stationary phases: (I) Influence of the spacer chain length of phenyl type phases on the aromatic and methylene selectivity of aromatic compounds in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

Phenyl type stationary phases of increasing spacer chain length (phenyl, methyl phenyl, ethyl phenyl, propyl phenyl and butyl phenyl, with 0–4 carbon atoms in the spacer chain, respectively) were synthesised and packed in house to determine the impact that the spacer chain length has on the retention process. Two trends in the aromatic selectivity, q_aromatic, were observed, depending on whether the number of carbon atoms in the spacer chain is even or odd. Linear log k′ vs ϕ plots were obtained for each stationary phase and the S coefficient was determined from the gradient of these plots. For the phenyl type phases, the S vs n_c plots of the retention factors of linear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons vs the number of rings exhibit a distinct discontinuity that between 3 and 4 rings, which increases with increasing spacer chain length for even phases but decreases for odd phases. Accordingly, we suggest that the retention factors depend differently on the number of carbon atoms in the spacer chain depending on whether this number is even or odd and that this effect is caused by different orientations of the aromatic ring relative to the silica surface.

Sickness ruins the complexion, breeding disappears without gold: culture and the i nterpretation of illness among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia

The interpretation of illness and its meaning to individuals and groups is largely a product of culture and is based on shared experience, historical significance, and the social function of individuals in the community. West Sumatra, like many parts of Indonesia, has experienced rapid development and modernization since the nation achieved independence in 1945 and is currently 12 years into Regional Autonomy, a dramatic shift in national administration from a highly centralized system to one which devolved authority to the level of district or municipal government. These changes have brought Indonesians into contact with an increasingly globalized culture and have put pressure on traditional institutions and practices. This is especially significant in the area of health, where considerable tension exists between the allopathic conceptualization of health (as espoused by health care professionals in the formal sector) and traditional interpretations of health that derive from a traditional cultural and linguistic frame of reference. This paper, based on fieldwork in the Indonesian region of Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, describes the impact of cultural and linguistic factors on the interpretation of illness among rural residents and elucidates the growing impact of multiple systems of meaning in local understanding of health.

Strontium content and collagen-I coating of magnesium-zirconia-strontium implants influence osteogenesis and bone resorption.

Our objective was to study the role of Collagen type-I (Col-I) coating on Magnesium-Zirconia (Mg-Zr) alloys, containing different quantities of Strontium (Sr), in enhancing the in vitro bioactivity and in vivo bone-forming and mineralisation properties of the implants.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are nevertheless dead: the hypothetical adolescence of Prince Hamlet and the contested remorselessness of young offenders

A young man stabs a defenceless elderly man to death, and remarks “I’ll lug the guts into the neighbour room.” Martha Grace Duncan has argued that such apparent remorselessness and other forensic features must be interpreted differently in children and young people as compared to adult defendants, because of developmental effects. Professor Duncan discusses a range of fictional as well as real examples in pressing her claim, and also appeals to psychiatric, psychological and psychoanalytic expertise. In order to examine the general validity of her argument, it is hypothesised here that a Duncanian adolescence defense has been presented for Prince Hamlet who, miraculously revived, now stands his trial for murder. It is argued that the “adolescence defense” is unsound in principle and that children and youth (whether or not as superannuated as the Prince of Denmark) should be treated in the same forensic manner as adults. If we respect children and youth, we must respect their autonomy however uncomfortable for us this may be: “So young, my lord, and true.”

Ecophysiology of avian migration in the face of current global hazards

Long-distance migratory birds are often considered extreme athletes, possessing a range of traits that approach the physiological limits of vertebrate design. In addition, their movements must be carefully timed to ensure that they obtain resources of sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy their high-energy needs. Migratory birds may therefore be particularly vulnerable to global change processes that are projected to alter the quality and quantity of resource availability. Because long-distance flight requires high and sustained aerobic capacity, even minor decreases in vitality can have large negative consequences for migrants. In the light of this, we assess how current global change processes may affect the ability of birds to meet the physiological demands of migration, and suggest areas where avian physiologists may help to identify potential hazards. Predicting the consequences of global change scenarios on migrant species requires (i) reconciliation of empirical and theoretical studies of avian flight physiology; (ii) an understanding of the effects of food quality, toxicants and disease on migrant performance; and (iii) mechanistic models that integrate abiotic and biotic factors to predict migratory behaviour. Critically, a multi-dimensional concept of vitality would greatly facilitate evaluation of the impact of various global change processes on the population dynamics of migratory birds.